diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'libs/lua-5.1.5')
103 files changed, 28551 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/CMakeLists.txt b/libs/lua-5.1.5/CMakeLists.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4004db2 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/CMakeLists.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.2) +project(lua5.1) + +set(LUA_ROOT ${lua5.1_SOURCE_DIR}/src) +add_library(lua5.1 + ${LUA_ROOT}/lapi.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lcode.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/ldebug.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/ldo.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/ldump.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lfunc.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lgc.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/llex.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lmem.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lobject.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lopcodes.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lparser.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lstate.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lstring.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/ltable.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/ltm.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lundump.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lvm.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lzio.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lauxlib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lbaselib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/ldblib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/liolib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lmathlib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/loslib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/ltablib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/lstrlib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/loadlib.c + ${LUA_ROOT}/linit.c) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/COPYRIGHT b/libs/lua-5.1.5/COPYRIGHT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a860268 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/COPYRIGHT @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Lua License +----------- + +Lua is licensed under the terms of the MIT license reproduced below. +This means that Lua is free software and can be used for both academic +and commercial purposes at absolutely no cost. + +For details and rationale, see http://www.lua.org/license.html . + +=============================================================================== + +Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy +of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal +in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights +to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell +copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is +furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in +all copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN +THE SOFTWARE. + +=============================================================================== + +(end of COPYRIGHT) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/HISTORY b/libs/lua-5.1.5/HISTORY new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce0c95b --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/HISTORY @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +HISTORY for Lua 5.1 + +* Changes from version 5.0 to 5.1 + ------------------------------- + Language: + + new module system. + + new semantics for control variables of fors. + + new semantics for setn/getn. + + new syntax/semantics for varargs. + + new long strings and comments. + + new `mod' operator (`%') + + new length operator #t + + metatables for all types + API: + + new functions: lua_createtable, lua_get(set)field, lua_push(to)integer. + + user supplies memory allocator (lua_open becomes lua_newstate). + + luaopen_* functions must be called through Lua. + Implementation: + + new configuration scheme via luaconf.h. + + incremental garbage collection. + + better handling of end-of-line in the lexer. + + fully reentrant parser (new Lua function `load') + + better support for 64-bit machines. + + native loadlib support for Mac OS X. + + standard distribution in only one library (lualib.a merged into lua.a) + +* Changes from version 4.0 to 5.0 + ------------------------------- + Language: + + lexical scoping. + + Lua coroutines. + + standard libraries now packaged in tables. + + tags replaced by metatables and tag methods replaced by metamethods, + stored in metatables. + + proper tail calls. + + each function can have its own global table, which can be shared. + + new __newindex metamethod, called when we insert a new key into a table. + + new block comments: --[[ ... ]]. + + new generic for. + + new weak tables. + + new boolean type. + + new syntax "local function". + + (f()) returns the first value returned by f. + + {f()} fills a table with all values returned by f. + + \n ignored in [[\n . + + fixed and-or priorities. + + more general syntax for function definition (e.g. function a.x.y:f()...end). + + more general syntax for function calls (e.g. (print or write)(9)). + + new functions (time/date, tmpfile, unpack, require, load*, etc.). + API: + + chunks are loaded by using lua_load; new luaL_loadfile and luaL_loadbuffer. + + introduced lightweight userdata, a simple "void*" without a metatable. + + new error handling protocol: the core no longer prints error messages; + all errors are reported to the caller on the stack. + + new lua_atpanic for host cleanup. + + new, signal-safe, hook scheme. + Implementation: + + new license: MIT. + + new, faster, register-based virtual machine. + + support for external multithreading and coroutines. + + new and consistent error message format. + + the core no longer needs "stdio.h" for anything (except for a single + use of sprintf to convert numbers to strings). + + lua.c now runs the environment variable LUA_INIT, if present. It can + be "@filename", to run a file, or the chunk itself. + + support for user extensions in lua.c. + sample implementation given for command line editing. + + new dynamic loading library, active by default on several platforms. + + safe garbage-collector metamethods. + + precompiled bytecodes checked for integrity (secure binary dostring). + + strings are fully aligned. + + position capture in string.find. + + read('*l') can read lines with embedded zeros. + +* Changes from version 3.2 to 4.0 + ------------------------------- + Language: + + new "break" and "for" statements (both numerical and for tables). + + uniform treatment of globals: globals are now stored in a Lua table. + + improved error messages. + + no more '$debug': full speed *and* full debug information. + + new read form: read(N) for next N bytes. + + general read patterns now deprecated. + (still available with -DCOMPAT_READPATTERNS.) + + all return values are passed as arguments for the last function + (old semantics still available with -DLUA_COMPAT_ARGRET) + + garbage collection tag methods for tables now deprecated. + + there is now only one tag method for order. + API: + + New API: fully re-entrant, simpler, and more efficient. + + New debug API. + Implementation: + + faster than ever: cleaner virtual machine and new hashing algorithm. + + non-recursive garbage-collector algorithm. + + reduced memory usage for programs with many strings. + + improved treatment for memory allocation errors. + + improved support for 16-bit machines (we hope). + + code now compiles unmodified as both ANSI C and C++. + + numbers in bases other than 10 are converted using strtoul. + + new -f option in Lua to support #! scripts. + + luac can now combine text and binaries. + +* Changes from version 3.1 to 3.2 + ------------------------------- + + redirected all output in Lua's core to _ERRORMESSAGE and _ALERT. + + increased limit on the number of constants and globals per function + (from 2^16 to 2^24). + + debugging info (lua_debug and hooks) moved into lua_state and new API + functions provided to get and set this info. + + new debug lib gives full debugging access within Lua. + + new table functions "foreachi", "sort", "tinsert", "tremove", "getn". + + new io functions "flush", "seek". + +* Changes from version 3.0 to 3.1 + ------------------------------- + + NEW FEATURE: anonymous functions with closures (via "upvalues"). + + new syntax: + - local variables in chunks. + - better scope control with DO block END. + - constructors can now be also written: { record-part; list-part }. + - more general syntax for function calls and lvalues, e.g.: + f(x).y=1 + o:f(x,y):g(z) + f"string" is sugar for f("string") + + strings may now contain arbitrary binary data (e.g., embedded zeros). + + major code re-organization and clean-up; reduced module interdependecies. + + no arbitrary limits on the total number of constants and globals. + + support for multiple global contexts. + + better syntax error messages. + + new traversal functions "foreach" and "foreachvar". + + the default for numbers is now double. + changing it to use floats or longs is easy. + + complete debug information stored in pre-compiled chunks. + + sample interpreter now prompts user when run interactively, and also + handles control-C interruptions gracefully. + +* Changes from version 2.5 to 3.0 + ------------------------------- + + NEW CONCEPT: "tag methods". + Tag methods replace fallbacks as the meta-mechanism for extending the + semantics of Lua. Whereas fallbacks had a global nature, tag methods + work on objects having the same tag (e.g., groups of tables). + Existing code that uses fallbacks should work without change. + + new, general syntax for constructors {[exp] = exp, ... }. + + support for handling variable number of arguments in functions (varargs). + + support for conditional compilation ($if ... $else ... $end). + + cleaner semantics in API simplifies host code. + + better support for writing libraries (auxlib.h). + + better type checking and error messages in the standard library. + + luac can now also undump. + +* Changes from version 2.4 to 2.5 + ------------------------------- + + io and string libraries are now based on pattern matching; + the old libraries are still available for compatibility + + dofile and dostring can now return values (via return statement) + + better support for 16- and 64-bit machines + + expanded documentation, with more examples + +* Changes from version 2.2 to 2.4 + ------------------------------- + + external compiler creates portable binary files that can be loaded faster + + interface for debugging and profiling + + new "getglobal" fallback + + new functions for handling references to Lua objects + + new functions in standard lib + + only one copy of each string is stored + + expanded documentation, with more examples + +* Changes from version 2.1 to 2.2 + ------------------------------- + + functions now may be declared with any "lvalue" as a name + + garbage collection of functions + + support for pipes + +* Changes from version 1.1 to 2.1 + ------------------------------- + + object-oriented support + + fallbacks + + simplified syntax for tables + + many internal improvements + +(end of HISTORY) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/INSTALL b/libs/lua-5.1.5/INSTALL new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17eb8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/INSTALL @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +INSTALL for Lua 5.1 + +* Building Lua + ------------ + Lua is built in the src directory, but the build process can be + controlled from the top-level Makefile. + + Building Lua on Unix systems should be very easy. First do "make" and + see if your platform is listed. If so, just do "make xxx", where xxx + is your platform name. The platforms currently supported are: + aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris + + If your platform is not listed, try the closest one or posix, generic, + ansi, in this order. + + See below for customization instructions and for instructions on how + to build with other Windows compilers. + + If you want to check that Lua has been built correctly, do "make test" + after building Lua. Also, have a look at the example programs in test. + +* Installing Lua + -------------- + Once you have built Lua, you may want to install it in an official + place in your system. In this case, do "make install". The official + place and the way to install files are defined in Makefile. You must + have the right permissions to install files. + + If you want to build and install Lua in one step, do "make xxx install", + where xxx is your platform name. + + If you want to install Lua locally, then do "make local". This will + create directories bin, include, lib, man, and install Lua there as + follows: + + bin: lua luac + include: lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h lua.hpp + lib: liblua.a + man/man1: lua.1 luac.1 + + These are the only directories you need for development. + + There are man pages for lua and luac, in both nroff and html, and a + reference manual in html in doc, some sample code in test, and some + useful stuff in etc. You don't need these directories for development. + + If you want to install Lua locally, but in some other directory, do + "make install INSTALL_TOP=xxx", where xxx is your chosen directory. + + See below for instructions for Windows and other systems. + +* Customization + ------------- + Three things can be customized by editing a file: + - Where and how to install Lua -- edit Makefile. + - How to build Lua -- edit src/Makefile. + - Lua features -- edit src/luaconf.h. + + You don't actually need to edit the Makefiles because you may set the + relevant variables when invoking make. + + On the other hand, if you need to select some Lua features, you'll need + to edit src/luaconf.h. The edited file will be the one installed, and + it will be used by any Lua clients that you build, to ensure consistency. + + We strongly recommend that you enable dynamic loading. This is done + automatically for all platforms listed above that have this feature + (and also Windows). See src/luaconf.h and also src/Makefile. + +* Building Lua on Windows and other systems + ----------------------------------------- + If you're not using the usual Unix tools, then the instructions for + building Lua depend on the compiler you use. You'll need to create + projects (or whatever your compiler uses) for building the library, + the interpreter, and the compiler, as follows: + + library: lapi.c lcode.c ldebug.c ldo.c ldump.c lfunc.c lgc.c llex.c + lmem.c lobject.c lopcodes.c lparser.c lstate.c lstring.c + ltable.c ltm.c lundump.c lvm.c lzio.c + lauxlib.c lbaselib.c ldblib.c liolib.c lmathlib.c loslib.c + ltablib.c lstrlib.c loadlib.c linit.c + + interpreter: library, lua.c + + compiler: library, luac.c print.c + + If you use Visual Studio .NET, you can use etc/luavs.bat in its + "Command Prompt". + + If all you want is to build the Lua interpreter, you may put all .c files + in a single project, except for luac.c and print.c. Or just use etc/all.c. + + To use Lua as a library in your own programs, you'll need to know how to + create and use libraries with your compiler. + + As mentioned above, you may edit luaconf.h to select some features before + building Lua. + +(end of INSTALL) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/Makefile b/libs/lua-5.1.5/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..209a132 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +# makefile for installing Lua +# see INSTALL for installation instructions +# see src/Makefile and src/luaconf.h for further customization + +# == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT ======================= + +# Your platform. See PLATS for possible values. +PLAT= none + +# Where to install. The installation starts in the src and doc directories, +# so take care if INSTALL_TOP is not an absolute path. +INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local +INSTALL_BIN= $(INSTALL_TOP)/bin +INSTALL_INC= $(INSTALL_TOP)/include +INSTALL_LIB= $(INSTALL_TOP)/lib +INSTALL_MAN= $(INSTALL_TOP)/man/man1 +# +# You probably want to make INSTALL_LMOD and INSTALL_CMOD consistent with +# LUA_ROOT, LUA_LDIR, and LUA_CDIR in luaconf.h (and also with etc/lua.pc). +INSTALL_LMOD= $(INSTALL_TOP)/share/lua/$V +INSTALL_CMOD= $(INSTALL_TOP)/lib/lua/$V + +# How to install. If your install program does not support "-p", then you +# may have to run ranlib on the installed liblua.a (do "make ranlib"). +INSTALL= install -p +INSTALL_EXEC= $(INSTALL) -m 0755 +INSTALL_DATA= $(INSTALL) -m 0644 +# +# If you don't have install you can use cp instead. +# INSTALL= cp -p +# INSTALL_EXEC= $(INSTALL) +# INSTALL_DATA= $(INSTALL) + +# Utilities. +MKDIR= mkdir -p +RANLIB= ranlib + +# == END OF USER SETTINGS. NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ========= + +# Convenience platforms targets. +PLATS= aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris + +# What to install. +TO_BIN= lua luac +TO_INC= lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h ../etc/lua.hpp +TO_LIB= liblua.a +TO_MAN= lua.1 luac.1 + +# Lua version and release. +V= 5.1 +R= 5.1.5 + +all: $(PLAT) + +$(PLATS) clean: + cd src && $(MAKE) $@ + +test: dummy + src/lua test/hello.lua + +install: dummy + cd src && $(MKDIR) $(INSTALL_BIN) $(INSTALL_INC) $(INSTALL_LIB) $(INSTALL_MAN) $(INSTALL_LMOD) $(INSTALL_CMOD) + cd src && $(INSTALL_EXEC) $(TO_BIN) $(INSTALL_BIN) + cd src && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_INC) $(INSTALL_INC) + cd src && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_LIB) $(INSTALL_LIB) + cd doc && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_MAN) $(INSTALL_MAN) + +ranlib: + cd src && cd $(INSTALL_LIB) && $(RANLIB) $(TO_LIB) + +local: + $(MAKE) install INSTALL_TOP=.. + +none: + @echo "Please do" + @echo " make PLATFORM" + @echo "where PLATFORM is one of these:" + @echo " $(PLATS)" + @echo "See INSTALL for complete instructions." + +# make may get confused with test/ and INSTALL in a case-insensitive OS +dummy: + +# echo config parameters +echo: + @echo "" + @echo "These are the parameters currently set in src/Makefile to build Lua $R:" + @echo "" + @cd src && $(MAKE) -s echo + @echo "" + @echo "These are the parameters currently set in Makefile to install Lua $R:" + @echo "" + @echo "PLAT = $(PLAT)" + @echo "INSTALL_TOP = $(INSTALL_TOP)" + @echo "INSTALL_BIN = $(INSTALL_BIN)" + @echo "INSTALL_INC = $(INSTALL_INC)" + @echo "INSTALL_LIB = $(INSTALL_LIB)" + @echo "INSTALL_MAN = $(INSTALL_MAN)" + @echo "INSTALL_LMOD = $(INSTALL_LMOD)" + @echo "INSTALL_CMOD = $(INSTALL_CMOD)" + @echo "INSTALL_EXEC = $(INSTALL_EXEC)" + @echo "INSTALL_DATA = $(INSTALL_DATA)" + @echo "" + @echo "See also src/luaconf.h ." + @echo "" + +# echo private config parameters +pecho: + @echo "V = $(V)" + @echo "R = $(R)" + @echo "TO_BIN = $(TO_BIN)" + @echo "TO_INC = $(TO_INC)" + @echo "TO_LIB = $(TO_LIB)" + @echo "TO_MAN = $(TO_MAN)" + +# echo config parameters as Lua code +# uncomment the last sed expression if you want nil instead of empty strings +lecho: + @echo "-- installation parameters for Lua $R" + @echo "VERSION = '$V'" + @echo "RELEASE = '$R'" + @$(MAKE) echo | grep = | sed -e 's/= /= "/' -e 's/$$/"/' #-e 's/""/nil/' + @echo "-- EOF" + +# list targets that do not create files (but not all makes understand .PHONY) +.PHONY: all $(PLATS) clean test install local none dummy echo pecho lecho + +# (end of Makefile) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/README b/libs/lua-5.1.5/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11b4dff --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/README @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +README for Lua 5.1 + +See INSTALL for installation instructions. +See HISTORY for a summary of changes since the last released version. + +* What is Lua? + ------------ + Lua is a powerful, light-weight programming language designed for extending + applications. Lua is also frequently used as a general-purpose, stand-alone + language. Lua is free software. + + For complete information, visit Lua's web site at http://www.lua.org/ . + For an executive summary, see http://www.lua.org/about.html . + + Lua has been used in many different projects around the world. + For a short list, see http://www.lua.org/uses.html . + +* Availability + ------------ + Lua is freely available for both academic and commercial purposes. + See COPYRIGHT and http://www.lua.org/license.html for details. + Lua can be downloaded at http://www.lua.org/download.html . + +* Installation + ------------ + Lua is implemented in pure ANSI C, and compiles unmodified in all known + platforms that have an ANSI C compiler. In most Unix-like platforms, simply + do "make" with a suitable target. See INSTALL for detailed instructions. + +* Origin + ------ + Lua is developed at Lua.org, a laboratory of the Department of Computer + Science of PUC-Rio (the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro + in Brazil). + For more information about the authors, see http://www.lua.org/authors.html . + +(end of README) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/contents.html b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/contents.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d83da9 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/contents.html @@ -0,0 +1,497 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<TITLE>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual - contents</TITLE> +<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css"> +<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8"> +<STYLE TYPE="text/css"> +ul { + list-style-type: none ; +} +</STYLE> +</HEAD> + +<BODY> + +<HR> +<H1> +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="" BORDER=0></A> +Lua 5.1 Reference Manual +</H1> + +<P> +The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language. +For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/docs.html#pil">Programming in Lua</A>. + +<P> +This manual is also available as a book: +<BLOCKQUOTE> +<A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8590379833/lua-indexmanual-20"> +<IMG SRC="cover.png" ALT="" TITLE="buy from Amazon" BORDER=1 ALIGN="left" HSPACE=12> +</A> +<B>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual</B> +<BR>by R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes +<BR>Lua.org, August 2006 +<BR>ISBN 85-903798-3-3 +<BR CLEAR="all"> +</BLOCKQUOTE> + +<P> +<A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8590379833/lua-indexmanual-20">Buy a copy</A> +of this book and +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/donations.html">help to support</A> +the Lua project. + +<P> +<A HREF="manual.html">start</A> +· +<A HREF="#contents">contents</A> +· +<A HREF="#index">index</A> +· +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/">other versions</A> +<HR> +<SMALL> +Copyright © 2006–2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. +Freely available under the terms of the +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</A>. +</SMALL> + +<H2><A NAME="contents">Contents</A></H2> +<UL style="padding: 0"> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html">1 – Introduction</A> +<P> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2">2 – The Language</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.1">2.1 – Lexical Conventions</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2">2.2 – Values and Types</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2.1">2.2.1 – Coercion</A> +</UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.3">2.3 – Variables</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4">2.4 – Statements</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.1">2.4.1 – Chunks</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.2">2.4.2 – Blocks</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.3">2.4.3 – Assignment</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.4">2.4.4 – Control Structures</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.5">2.4.5 – For Statement</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.6">2.4.6 – Function Calls as Statements</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.7">2.4.7 – Local Declarations</A> +</UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5">2.5 – Expressions</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.1">2.5.1 – Arithmetic Operators</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.2">2.5.2 – Relational Operators</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.3">2.5.3 – Logical Operators</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.4">2.5.4 – Concatenation</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.5">2.5.5 – The Length Operator</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.6">2.5.6 – Precedence</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.7">2.5.7 – Table Constructors</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.8">2.5.8 – Function Calls</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.9">2.5.9 – Function Definitions</A> +</UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.6">2.6 – Visibility Rules</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.7">2.7 – Error Handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.8">2.8 – Metatables</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.9">2.9 – Environments</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10">2.10 – Garbage Collection</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10.1">2.10.1 – Garbage-Collection Metamethods</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10.2">2.10.2 – Weak Tables</A> +</UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.11">2.11 – Coroutines</A> +</UL> +<P> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3">3 – The Application Program Interface</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.1">3.1 – The Stack</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.2">3.2 – Stack Size</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3">3.3 – Pseudo-Indices</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4">3.4 – C Closures</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.5">3.5 – Registry</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.6">3.6 – Error Handling in C</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.7">3.7 – Functions and Types</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.8">3.8 – The Debug Interface</A> +</UL> +<P> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4">4 – The Auxiliary Library</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1">4.1 – Functions and Types</A> +</UL> +<P> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5">5 – Standard Libraries</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.1">5.1 – Basic Functions</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.2">5.2 – Coroutine Manipulation</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.3">5.3 – Modules</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.4">5.4 – String Manipulation</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.4.1">5.4.1 – Patterns</A> +</UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.5">5.5 – Table Manipulation</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.6">5.6 – Mathematical Functions</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.7">5.7 – Input and Output Facilities</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.8">5.8 – Operating System Facilities</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.9">5.9 – The Debug Library</A> +</UL> +<P> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6">6 – Lua Stand-alone</A> +<P> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7">7 – Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</A> +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.1">7.1 – Changes in the Language</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.2">7.2 – Changes in the Libraries</A> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.3">7.3 – Changes in the API</A> +</UL> +<P> +<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8">8 – The Complete Syntax of Lua</A> +</UL> + +<H2><A NAME="index">Index</A></H2> +<TABLE WIDTH="100%"> +<TR VALIGN="top"> +<TD> +<H3><A NAME="functions">Lua functions</A></H3> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_G">_G</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION">_VERSION</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-assert">assert</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage">collectgarbage</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-dofile">dofile</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-error">error</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getfenv">getfenv</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">getmetatable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-ipairs">ipairs</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-load">load</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadfile">loadfile</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadstring">loadstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-module">module</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-next">next</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">pairs</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pcall">pcall</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-print">print</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawequal">rawequal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawget">rawget</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawset">rawset</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-require">require</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-select">select</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setfenv">setfenv</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setmetatable">setmetatable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tonumber">tonumber</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">tostring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-type">type</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-unpack">unpack</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-xpcall">xpcall</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.create">coroutine.create</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.resume">coroutine.resume</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.running">coroutine.running</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.status">coroutine.status</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.wrap">coroutine.wrap</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.yield">coroutine.yield</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.debug">debug.debug</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getfenv">debug.getfenv</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.gethook">debug.gethook</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getinfo">debug.getinfo</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getlocal">debug.getlocal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getmetatable">debug.getmetatable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getregistry">debug.getregistry</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getupvalue">debug.getupvalue</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setfenv">debug.setfenv</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.sethook">debug.sethook</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setlocal">debug.setlocal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setmetatable">debug.setmetatable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setupvalue">debug.setupvalue</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.traceback">debug.traceback</A><BR> + +</TD> +<TD> +<H3> </H3> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:close">file:close</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:flush">file:flush</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:lines">file:lines</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:read">file:read</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:seek">file:seek</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:setvbuf">file:setvbuf</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:write">file:write</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.close">io.close</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.flush">io.flush</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.input">io.input</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.lines">io.lines</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.open">io.open</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.output">io.output</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.popen">io.popen</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.read">io.read</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stderr">io.stderr</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdin">io.stdin</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdout">io.stdout</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.tmpfile">io.tmpfile</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.type">io.type</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.write">io.write</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.abs">math.abs</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.acos">math.acos</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.asin">math.asin</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan">math.atan</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan2">math.atan2</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ceil">math.ceil</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cos">math.cos</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cosh">math.cosh</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.deg">math.deg</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.exp">math.exp</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.floor">math.floor</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.fmod">math.fmod</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.frexp">math.frexp</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.huge">math.huge</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ldexp">math.ldexp</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log">math.log</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log10">math.log10</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.max">math.max</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.min">math.min</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.modf">math.modf</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pi">math.pi</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pow">math.pow</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.rad">math.rad</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.random">math.random</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.randomseed">math.randomseed</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sin">math.sin</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sinh">math.sinh</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sqrt">math.sqrt</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tan">math.tan</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tanh">math.tanh</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.clock">os.clock</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.difftime">os.difftime</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.execute">os.execute</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.exit">os.exit</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.getenv">os.getenv</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.remove">os.remove</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.rename">os.rename</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.setlocale">os.setlocale</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.tmpname">os.tmpname</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.cpath">package.cpath</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaded">package.loaded</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaders">package.loaders</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loadlib">package.loadlib</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.path">package.path</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.preload">package.preload</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.seeall">package.seeall</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.byte">string.byte</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.char">string.char</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.dump">string.dump</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.find">string.find</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.format">string.format</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gmatch">string.gmatch</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gsub">string.gsub</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.len">string.len</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.lower">string.lower</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.match">string.match</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.rep">string.rep</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.reverse">string.reverse</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.sub">string.sub</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.upper">string.upper</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.concat">table.concat</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.insert">table.insert</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.maxn">table.maxn</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.remove">table.remove</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.sort">table.sort</A><BR> + +</TD> +<TD> +<H3>C API</H3> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Alloc">lua_Alloc</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_CFunction">lua_CFunction</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Debug">lua_Debug</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Hook">lua_Hook</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Integer">lua_Integer</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Number">lua_Number</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Reader">lua_Reader</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_State">lua_State</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Writer">lua_Writer</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_atpanic">lua_atpanic</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_call">lua_call</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_checkstack">lua_checkstack</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_close">lua_close</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_concat">lua_concat</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_cpcall">lua_cpcall</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_createtable">lua_createtable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_dump">lua_dump</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_equal">lua_equal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_error">lua_error</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gc">lua_gc</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getallocf">lua_getallocf</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfenv">lua_getfenv</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfield">lua_getfield</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getglobal">lua_getglobal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethook">lua_gethook</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookcount">lua_gethookcount</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookmask">lua_gethookmask</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getinfo">lua_getinfo</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getlocal">lua_getlocal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getmetatable">lua_getmetatable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getstack">lua_getstack</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettable">lua_gettable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettop">lua_gettop</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getupvalue">lua_getupvalue</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_insert">lua_insert</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isboolean">lua_isboolean</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_iscfunction">lua_iscfunction</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isfunction">lua_isfunction</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_islightuserdata">lua_islightuserdata</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnil">lua_isnil</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnone">lua_isnone</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnoneornil">lua_isnoneornil</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnumber">lua_isnumber</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isstring">lua_isstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_istable">lua_istable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isthread">lua_isthread</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isuserdata">lua_isuserdata</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_lessthan">lua_lessthan</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_load">lua_load</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newstate">lua_newstate</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newtable">lua_newtable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newthread">lua_newthread</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newuserdata">lua_newuserdata</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_next">lua_next</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_objlen">lua_objlen</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcall">lua_pcall</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pop">lua_pop</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushboolean">lua_pushboolean</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcclosure">lua_pushcclosure</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcfunction">lua_pushcfunction</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushfstring">lua_pushfstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushinteger">lua_pushinteger</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlightuserdata">lua_pushlightuserdata</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushliteral">lua_pushliteral</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlstring">lua_pushlstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnil">lua_pushnil</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnumber">lua_pushnumber</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushstring">lua_pushstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushthread">lua_pushthread</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvalue">lua_pushvalue</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvfstring">lua_pushvfstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawequal">lua_rawequal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawget">lua_rawget</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgeti">lua_rawgeti</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawset">lua_rawset</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawseti">lua_rawseti</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_register">lua_register</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_remove">lua_remove</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_replace">lua_replace</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_resume">lua_resume</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setallocf">lua_setallocf</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfenv">lua_setfenv</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfield">lua_setfield</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setglobal">lua_setglobal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_sethook">lua_sethook</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setlocal">lua_setlocal</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setmetatable">lua_setmetatable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settable">lua_settable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settop">lua_settop</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setupvalue">lua_setupvalue</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_status">lua_status</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_toboolean">lua_toboolean</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tocfunction">lua_tocfunction</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointeger">lua_tointeger</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tolstring">lua_tolstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumber">lua_tonumber</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_topointer">lua_topointer</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tostring">lua_tostring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tothread">lua_tothread</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_touserdata">lua_touserdata</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_type">lua_type</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_typename">lua_typename</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueindex">lua_upvalueindex</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_xmove">lua_xmove</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yield">lua_yield</A><BR> + +</TD> +<TD> +<H3>auxiliary library</H3> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Buffer">luaL_Buffer</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Reg">luaL_Reg</A><BR> +<P> + +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addchar">luaL_addchar</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addlstring">luaL_addlstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addsize">luaL_addsize</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addstring">luaL_addstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addvalue">luaL_addvalue</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argcheck">luaL_argcheck</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argerror">luaL_argerror</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinit">luaL_buffinit</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_callmeta">luaL_callmeta</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkany">luaL_checkany</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkint">luaL_checkint</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkinteger">luaL_checkinteger</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklong">luaL_checklong</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklstring">luaL_checklstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checknumber">luaL_checknumber</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkoption">luaL_checkoption</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstack">luaL_checkstack</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstring">luaL_checkstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checktype">luaL_checktype</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkudata">luaL_checkudata</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dofile">luaL_dofile</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dostring">luaL_dostring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_error">luaL_error</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetafield">luaL_getmetafield</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetatable">luaL_getmetatable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_gsub">luaL_gsub</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbuffer">luaL_loadbuffer</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfile">luaL_loadfile</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadstring">luaL_loadstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">luaL_newmetatable</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newstate">luaL_newstate</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_openlibs">luaL_openlibs</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optint">luaL_optint</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optinteger">luaL_optinteger</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlong">luaL_optlong</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlstring">luaL_optlstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optnumber">luaL_optnumber</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optstring">luaL_optstring</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffer">luaL_prepbuffer</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresult">luaL_pushresult</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_ref">luaL_ref</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_register">luaL_register</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typename">luaL_typename</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typerror">luaL_typerror</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_unref">luaL_unref</A><BR> +<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_where">luaL_where</A><BR> + +</TD> +</TR> +</TABLE> +<P> + +<HR> +<SMALL CLASS="footer"> +Last update: +Mon Feb 13 18:53:32 BRST 2012 +</SMALL> +<!-- +Last change: revised for Lua 5.1.5 +--> + +</BODY> +</HTML> diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/cover.png b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/cover.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2dbb198 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/cover.png diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/logo.gif b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/logo.gif Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f5e4ac --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/logo.gif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.1 b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24809cc --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.1 @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +.\" $Id: lua.man,v 1.11 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $ +.TH LUA 1 "$Date: 2006/01/06 16:03:34 $" +.SH NAME +lua \- Lua interpreter +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B lua +[ +.I options +] +[ +.I script +[ +.I args +] +] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.B lua +is the stand-alone Lua interpreter. +It loads and executes Lua programs, +either in textual source form or +in precompiled binary form. +(Precompiled binaries are output by +.BR luac , +the Lua compiler.) +.B lua +can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively. +.LP +The given +.I options +(see below) +are executed and then +the Lua program in file +.I script +is loaded and executed. +The given +.I args +are available to +.I script +as strings in a global table named +.BR arg . +If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell, +then they should be quoted +(but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell). +The arguments in +.B arg +start at 0, +which contains the string +.RI ' script '. +The index of the last argument is stored in +.BR arg.n . +The arguments given in the command line before +.IR script , +including the name of the interpreter, +are available in negative indices in +.BR arg . +.LP +At the very start, +before even handling the command line, +.B lua +executes the contents of the environment variable +.BR LUA_INIT , +if it is defined. +If the value of +.B LUA_INIT +is of the form +.RI '@ filename ', +then +.I filename +is executed. +Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed. +.LP +Options start with +.B '\-' +and are described below. +You can use +.B "'\--'" +to signal the end of options. +.LP +If no arguments are given, +then +.B "\-v \-i" +is assumed when the standard input is a terminal; +otherwise, +.B "\-" +is assumed. +.LP +In interactive mode, +.B lua +prompts the user, +reads lines from the standard input, +and executes them as they are read. +If a line does not contain a complete statement, +then a secondary prompt is displayed and +lines are read until a complete statement is formed or +a syntax error is found. +So, one way to interrupt the reading of an incomplete statement is +to force a syntax error: +adding a +.B ';' +in the middle of a statement is a sure way of forcing a syntax error +(except inside multiline strings and comments; these must be closed explicitly). +If a line starts with +.BR '=' , +then +.B lua +displays the values of all the expressions in the remainder of the +line. The expressions must be separated by commas. +The primary prompt is the value of the global variable +.BR _PROMPT , +if this value is a string; +otherwise, the default prompt is used. +Similarly, the secondary prompt is the value of the global variable +.BR _PROMPT2 . +So, +to change the prompts, +set the corresponding variable to a string of your choice. +You can do that after calling the interpreter +or on the command line +(but in this case you have to be careful with quotes +if the prompt string contains a space; otherwise you may confuse the shell.) +The default prompts are "> " and ">> ". +.SH OPTIONS +.TP +.B \- +load and execute the standard input as a file, +that is, +not interactively, +even when the standard input is a terminal. +.TP +.BI \-e " stat" +execute statement +.IR stat . +You need to quote +.I stat +if it contains spaces, quotes, +or other characters special to the shell. +.TP +.B \-i +enter interactive mode after +.I script +is executed. +.TP +.BI \-l " name" +call +.BI require(' name ') +before executing +.IR script . +Typically used to load libraries. +.TP +.B \-v +show version information. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR luac (1) +.br +http://www.lua.org/ +.SH DIAGNOSTICS +Error messages should be self explanatory. +.SH AUTHORS +R. Ierusalimschy, +L. H. de Figueiredo, +and +W. Celes +.\" EOF diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.css b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7fafbb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.css @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +body { + color: #000000 ; + background-color: #FFFFFF ; + font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ; + text-align: justify ; + margin-right: 30px ; + margin-left: 30px ; +} + +h1, h2, h3, h4 { + font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif ; + font-weight: normal ; + font-style: italic ; +} + +h2 { + padding-top: 0.4em ; + padding-bottom: 0.4em ; + padding-left: 30px ; + padding-right: 30px ; + margin-left: -30px ; + background-color: #E0E0FF ; +} + +h3 { + padding-left: 0.5em ; + border-left: solid #E0E0FF 1em ; +} + +table h3 { + padding-left: 0px ; + border-left: none ; +} + +a:link { + color: #000080 ; + background-color: inherit ; + text-decoration: none ; +} + +a:visited { + background-color: inherit ; + text-decoration: none ; +} + +a:link:hover, a:visited:hover { + color: #000080 ; + background-color: #E0E0FF ; +} + +a:link:active, a:visited:active { + color: #FF0000 ; +} + +hr { + border: 0 ; + height: 1px ; + color: #a0a0a0 ; + background-color: #a0a0a0 ; +} + +:target { + background-color: #F8F8F8 ; + padding: 8px ; + border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ; +} + +.footer { + color: gray ; + font-size: small ; +} + +input[type=text] { + border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ; + border-radius: 2em ; + -moz-border-radius: 2em ; + background-image: url('images/search.png') ; + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 4px center ; + padding-left: 20px ; + height: 2em ; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.html b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d435ab --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/lua.html @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +<!-- $Id: lua.man,v 1.11 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $ --> +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<TITLE>LUA man page</TITLE> +<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css"> +</HEAD> + +<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> + +<H2>NAME</H2> +lua - Lua interpreter +<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2> +<B>lua</B> +[ +<I>options</I> +] +[ +<I>script</I> +[ +<I>args</I> +] +] +<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2> +<B>lua</B> +is the stand-alone Lua interpreter. +It loads and executes Lua programs, +either in textual source form or +in precompiled binary form. +(Precompiled binaries are output by +<B>luac</B>, +the Lua compiler.) +<B>lua</B> +can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively. +<P> +The given +<I>options</I> +(see below) +are executed and then +the Lua program in file +<I>script</I> +is loaded and executed. +The given +<I>args</I> +are available to +<I>script</I> +as strings in a global table named +<B>arg</B>. +If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell, +then they should be quoted +(but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell). +The arguments in +<B>arg</B> +start at 0, +which contains the string +'<I>script</I>'. +The index of the last argument is stored in +<B>arg.n</B>. +The arguments given in the command line before +<I>script</I>, +including the name of the interpreter, +are available in negative indices in +<B>arg</B>. +<P> +At the very start, +before even handling the command line, +<B>lua</B> +executes the contents of the environment variable +<B>LUA_INIT</B>, +if it is defined. +If the value of +<B>LUA_INIT</B> +is of the form +'@<I>filename</I>', +then +<I>filename</I> +is executed. +Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed. +<P> +Options start with +<B>'-'</B> +and are described below. +You can use +<B>'--'</B> +to signal the end of options. +<P> +If no arguments are given, +then +<B>"-v -i"</B> +is assumed when the standard input is a terminal; +otherwise, +<B>"-"</B> +is assumed. +<P> +In interactive mode, +<B>lua</B> +prompts the user, +reads lines from the standard input, +and executes them as they are read. +If a line does not contain a complete statement, +then a secondary prompt is displayed and +lines are read until a complete statement is formed or +a syntax error is found. +So, one way to interrupt the reading of an incomplete statement is +to force a syntax error: +adding a +<B>';'</B> +in the middle of a statement is a sure way of forcing a syntax error +(except inside multiline strings and comments; these must be closed explicitly). +If a line starts with +<B>'='</B>, +then +<B>lua</B> +displays the values of all the expressions in the remainder of the +line. The expressions must be separated by commas. +The primary prompt is the value of the global variable +<B>_PROMPT</B>, +if this value is a string; +otherwise, the default prompt is used. +Similarly, the secondary prompt is the value of the global variable +<B>_PROMPT2</B>. +So, +to change the prompts, +set the corresponding variable to a string of your choice. +You can do that after calling the interpreter +or on the command line +(but in this case you have to be careful with quotes +if the prompt string contains a space; otherwise you may confuse the shell.) +The default prompts are "> " and ">> ". +<H2>OPTIONS</H2> +<P> +<B>-</B> +load and execute the standard input as a file, +that is, +not interactively, +even when the standard input is a terminal. +<P> +<B>-e </B><I>stat</I> +execute statement +<I>stat</I>. +You need to quote +<I>stat </I> +if it contains spaces, quotes, +or other characters special to the shell. +<P> +<B>-i</B> +enter interactive mode after +<I>script</I> +is executed. +<P> +<B>-l </B><I>name</I> +call +<B>require</B>('<I>name</I>') +before executing +<I>script</I>. +Typically used to load libraries. +<P> +<B>-v</B> +show version information. +<H2>SEE ALSO</H2> +<B>luac</B>(1) +<BR> +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">http://www.lua.org/</A> +<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2> +Error messages should be self explanatory. +<H2>AUTHORS</H2> +R. Ierusalimschy, +L. H. de Figueiredo, +and +W. Celes +<!-- EOF --> +</BODY> +</HTML> diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/luac.1 b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/luac.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d814678 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/luac.1 @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +.\" $Id: luac.man,v 1.28 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $ +.TH LUAC 1 "$Date: 2006/01/06 16:03:34 $" +.SH NAME +luac \- Lua compiler +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B luac +[ +.I options +] [ +.I filenames +] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.B luac +is the Lua compiler. +It translates programs written in the Lua programming language +into binary files that can be later loaded and executed. +.LP +The main advantages of precompiling chunks are: +faster loading, +protecting source code from accidental user changes, +and +off-line syntax checking. +.LP +Pre-compiling does not imply faster execution +because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed. +.B luac +simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution. +.LP +Pre-compiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source. +The main goal in pre-compiling is faster loading. +.LP +The binary files created by +.B luac +are portable only among architectures with the same word size and byte order. +.LP +.B luac +produces a single output file containing the bytecodes +for all source files given. +By default, +the output file is named +.BR luac.out , +but you can change this with the +.B \-o +option. +.LP +In the command line, +you can mix +text files containing Lua source and +binary files containing precompiled chunks. +This is useful to combine several precompiled chunks, +even from different (but compatible) platforms, +into a single precompiled chunk. +.LP +You can use +.B "'\-'" +to indicate the standard input as a source file +and +.B "'\--'" +to signal the end of options +(that is, +all remaining arguments will be treated as files even if they start with +.BR "'\-'" ). +.LP +The internal format of the binary files produced by +.B luac +is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released. +So, +save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile. +.LP +.SH OPTIONS +Options must be separate. +.TP +.B \-l +produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine. +Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine. +If no files are given, then +.B luac +loads +.B luac.out +and lists its contents. +.TP +.BI \-o " file" +output to +.IR file , +instead of the default +.BR luac.out . +(You can use +.B "'\-'" +for standard output, +but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.) +The output file may be a source file because +all files are loaded before the output file is written. +Be careful not to overwrite precious files. +.TP +.B \-p +load files but do not generate any output file. +Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks: +corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded. +Lua always performs a thorough integrity test on precompiled chunks. +Bytecode that passes this test is completely safe, +in the sense that it will not break the interpreter. +However, +there is no guarantee that such code does anything sensible. +(None can be given, because the halting problem is unsolvable.) +If no files are given, then +.B luac +loads +.B luac.out +and tests its contents. +No messages are displayed if the file passes the integrity test. +.TP +.B \-s +strip debug information before writing the output file. +This saves some space in very large chunks, +but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk, +then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do. +For instance, +line numbers and names of local variables are lost. +.TP +.B \-v +show version information. +.SH FILES +.TP 15 +.B luac.out +default output file +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.BR lua (1) +.br +http://www.lua.org/ +.SH DIAGNOSTICS +Error messages should be self explanatory. +.SH AUTHORS +L. H. de Figueiredo, +R. Ierusalimschy and +W. Celes +.\" EOF diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/luac.html b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/luac.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..179ffe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/luac.html @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +<!-- $Id: luac.man,v 1.28 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $ --> +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<TITLE>LUAC man page</TITLE> +<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css"> +</HEAD> + +<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> + +<H2>NAME</H2> +luac - Lua compiler +<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2> +<B>luac</B> +[ +<I>options</I> +] [ +<I>filenames</I> +] +<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2> +<B>luac</B> +is the Lua compiler. +It translates programs written in the Lua programming language +into binary files that can be later loaded and executed. +<P> +The main advantages of precompiling chunks are: +faster loading, +protecting source code from accidental user changes, +and +off-line syntax checking. +<P> +Precompiling does not imply faster execution +because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed. +<B>luac</B> +simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution. +<P> +Precompiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source. +The main goal in precompiling is faster loading. +<P> +The binary files created by +<B>luac</B> +are portable only among architectures with the same word size and byte order. +<P> +<B>luac</B> +produces a single output file containing the bytecodes +for all source files given. +By default, +the output file is named +<B>luac.out</B>, +but you can change this with the +<B>-o</B> +option. +<P> +In the command line, +you can mix +text files containing Lua source and +binary files containing precompiled chunks. +This is useful because several precompiled chunks, +even from different (but compatible) platforms, +can be combined into a single precompiled chunk. +<P> +You can use +<B>'-'</B> +to indicate the standard input as a source file +and +<B>'--'</B> +to signal the end of options +(that is, +all remaining arguments will be treated as files even if they start with +<B>'-'</B>). +<P> +The internal format of the binary files produced by +<B>luac</B> +is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released. +So, +save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile. +<P> +<H2>OPTIONS</H2> +Options must be separate. +<P> +<B>-l</B> +produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine. +Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine. +If no files are given, then +<B>luac</B> +loads +<B>luac.out</B> +and lists its contents. +<P> +<B>-o </B><I>file</I> +output to +<I>file</I>, +instead of the default +<B>luac.out</B>. +(You can use +<B>'-'</B> +for standard output, +but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.) +The output file may be a source file because +all files are loaded before the output file is written. +Be careful not to overwrite precious files. +<P> +<B>-p</B> +load files but do not generate any output file. +Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks: +corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded. +Lua always performs a thorough integrity test on precompiled chunks. +Bytecode that passes this test is completely safe, +in the sense that it will not break the interpreter. +However, +there is no guarantee that such code does anything sensible. +(None can be given, because the halting problem is unsolvable.) +If no files are given, then +<B>luac</B> +loads +<B>luac.out</B> +and tests its contents. +No messages are displayed if the file passes the integrity test. +<P> +<B>-s</B> +strip debug information before writing the output file. +This saves some space in very large chunks, +but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk, +then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do. +For instance, +line numbers and names of local variables are lost. +<P> +<B>-v</B> +show version information. +<H2>FILES</H2> +<P> +<B>luac.out</B> +default output file +<H2>SEE ALSO</H2> +<B>lua</B>(1) +<BR> +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">http://www.lua.org/</A> +<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2> +Error messages should be self explanatory. +<H2>AUTHORS</H2> +L. H. de Figueiredo, +R. Ierusalimschy and +W. Celes +<!-- EOF --> +</BODY> +</HTML> diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/manual.css b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/manual.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b49b362 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/manual.css @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +h3 code { + font-family: inherit ; + font-size: inherit ; +} + +pre, code { + font-size: 12pt ; +} + +span.apii { + float: right ; + font-family: inherit ; + font-style: normal ; + font-size: small ; + color: gray ; +} + +p+h1, ul+h1 { + padding-top: 0.4em ; + padding-bottom: 0.4em ; + padding-left: 30px ; + margin-left: -30px ; + background-color: #E0E0FF ; +} diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/manual.html b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/manual.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e41683 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/manual.html @@ -0,0 +1,8804 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> + +<head> +<title>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual</title> +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="lua.css"> +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manual.css"> +<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> +</head> + +<body> + +<hr> +<h1> +<a href="http://www.lua.org/"><img src="logo.gif" alt="" border="0"></a> +Lua 5.1 Reference Manual +</h1> + +by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes +<p> +<small> +Copyright © 2006–2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. +Freely available under the terms of the +<a href="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</a>. +</small> +<hr> +<p> + +<a href="contents.html#contents">contents</A> +· +<a href="contents.html#index">index</A> +· +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/">other versions</A> + +<!-- ====================================================================== --> +<p> + +<!-- $Id: manual.of,v 1.49.1.2 2012/01/13 20:23:26 roberto Exp $ --> + + + + +<h1>1 - <a name="1">Introduction</a></h1> + +<p> +Lua is an extension programming language designed to support +general procedural programming with data description +facilities. +It also offers good support for object-oriented programming, +functional programming, and data-driven programming. +Lua is intended to be used as a powerful, light-weight +scripting language for any program that needs one. +Lua is implemented as a library, written in <em>clean</em> C +(that is, in the common subset of ANSI C and C++). + + +<p> +Being an extension language, Lua has no notion of a "main" program: +it only works <em>embedded</em> in a host client, +called the <em>embedding program</em> or simply the <em>host</em>. +This host program can invoke functions to execute a piece of Lua code, +can write and read Lua variables, +and can register C functions to be called by Lua code. +Through the use of C functions, Lua can be augmented to cope with +a wide range of different domains, +thus creating customized programming languages sharing a syntactical framework. +The Lua distribution includes a sample host program called <code>lua</code>, +which uses the Lua library to offer a complete, stand-alone Lua interpreter. + + +<p> +Lua is free software, +and is provided as usual with no guarantees, +as stated in its license. +The implementation described in this manual is available +at Lua's official web site, <code>www.lua.org</code>. + + +<p> +Like any other reference manual, +this document is dry in places. +For a discussion of the decisions behind the design of Lua, +see the technical papers available at Lua's web site. +For a detailed introduction to programming in Lua, +see Roberto's book, <em>Programming in Lua (Second Edition)</em>. + + + +<h1>2 - <a name="2">The Language</a></h1> + +<p> +This section describes the lexis, the syntax, and the semantics of Lua. +In other words, +this section describes +which tokens are valid, +how they can be combined, +and what their combinations mean. + + +<p> +The language constructs will be explained using the usual extended BNF notation, +in which +{<em>a</em>} means 0 or more <em>a</em>'s, and +[<em>a</em>] means an optional <em>a</em>. +Non-terminals are shown like non-terminal, +keywords are shown like <b>kword</b>, +and other terminal symbols are shown like `<b>=</b>´. +The complete syntax of Lua can be found in <a href="#8">§8</a> +at the end of this manual. + + + +<h2>2.1 - <a name="2.1">Lexical Conventions</a></h2> + +<p> +<em>Names</em> +(also called <em>identifiers</em>) +in Lua can be any string of letters, +digits, and underscores, +not beginning with a digit. +This coincides with the definition of names in most languages. +(The definition of letter depends on the current locale: +any character considered alphabetic by the current locale +can be used in an identifier.) +Identifiers are used to name variables and table fields. + + +<p> +The following <em>keywords</em> are reserved +and cannot be used as names: + + +<pre> + and break do else elseif + end false for function if + in local nil not or + repeat return then true until while +</pre> + +<p> +Lua is a case-sensitive language: +<code>and</code> is a reserved word, but <code>And</code> and <code>AND</code> +are two different, valid names. +As a convention, names starting with an underscore followed by +uppercase letters (such as <a href="#pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a>) +are reserved for internal global variables used by Lua. + + +<p> +The following strings denote other tokens: + +<pre> + + - * / % ^ # + == ~= <= >= < > = + ( ) { } [ ] + ; : , . .. ... +</pre> + +<p> +<em>Literal strings</em> +can be delimited by matching single or double quotes, +and can contain the following C-like escape sequences: +'<code>\a</code>' (bell), +'<code>\b</code>' (backspace), +'<code>\f</code>' (form feed), +'<code>\n</code>' (newline), +'<code>\r</code>' (carriage return), +'<code>\t</code>' (horizontal tab), +'<code>\v</code>' (vertical tab), +'<code>\\</code>' (backslash), +'<code>\"</code>' (quotation mark [double quote]), +and '<code>\'</code>' (apostrophe [single quote]). +Moreover, a backslash followed by a real newline +results in a newline in the string. +A character in a string can also be specified by its numerical value +using the escape sequence <code>\<em>ddd</em></code>, +where <em>ddd</em> is a sequence of up to three decimal digits. +(Note that if a numerical escape is to be followed by a digit, +it must be expressed using exactly three digits.) +Strings in Lua can contain any 8-bit value, including embedded zeros, +which can be specified as '<code>\0</code>'. + + +<p> +Literal strings can also be defined using a long format +enclosed by <em>long brackets</em>. +We define an <em>opening long bracket of level <em>n</em></em> as an opening +square bracket followed by <em>n</em> equal signs followed by another +opening square bracket. +So, an opening long bracket of level 0 is written as <code>[[</code>, +an opening long bracket of level 1 is written as <code>[=[</code>, +and so on. +A <em>closing long bracket</em> is defined similarly; +for instance, a closing long bracket of level 4 is written as <code>]====]</code>. +A long string starts with an opening long bracket of any level and +ends at the first closing long bracket of the same level. +Literals in this bracketed form can run for several lines, +do not interpret any escape sequences, +and ignore long brackets of any other level. +They can contain anything except a closing bracket of the proper level. + + +<p> +For convenience, +when the opening long bracket is immediately followed by a newline, +the newline is not included in the string. +As an example, in a system using ASCII +(in which '<code>a</code>' is coded as 97, +newline is coded as 10, and '<code>1</code>' is coded as 49), +the five literal strings below denote the same string: + +<pre> + a = 'alo\n123"' + a = "alo\n123\"" + a = '\97lo\10\04923"' + a = [[alo + 123"]] + a = [==[ + alo + 123"]==] +</pre> + +<p> +A <em>numerical constant</em> can be written with an optional decimal part +and an optional decimal exponent. +Lua also accepts integer hexadecimal constants, +by prefixing them with <code>0x</code>. +Examples of valid numerical constants are + +<pre> + 3 3.0 3.1416 314.16e-2 0.31416E1 0xff 0x56 +</pre> + +<p> +A <em>comment</em> starts with a double hyphen (<code>--</code>) +anywhere outside a string. +If the text immediately after <code>--</code> is not an opening long bracket, +the comment is a <em>short comment</em>, +which runs until the end of the line. +Otherwise, it is a <em>long comment</em>, +which runs until the corresponding closing long bracket. +Long comments are frequently used to disable code temporarily. + + + + + +<h2>2.2 - <a name="2.2">Values and Types</a></h2> + +<p> +Lua is a <em>dynamically typed language</em>. +This means that +variables do not have types; only values do. +There are no type definitions in the language. +All values carry their own type. + + +<p> +All values in Lua are <em>first-class values</em>. +This means that all values can be stored in variables, +passed as arguments to other functions, and returned as results. + + +<p> +There are eight basic types in Lua: +<em>nil</em>, <em>boolean</em>, <em>number</em>, +<em>string</em>, <em>function</em>, <em>userdata</em>, +<em>thread</em>, and <em>table</em>. +<em>Nil</em> is the type of the value <b>nil</b>, +whose main property is to be different from any other value; +it usually represents the absence of a useful value. +<em>Boolean</em> is the type of the values <b>false</b> and <b>true</b>. +Both <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> make a condition false; +any other value makes it true. +<em>Number</em> represents real (double-precision floating-point) numbers. +(It is easy to build Lua interpreters that use other +internal representations for numbers, +such as single-precision float or long integers; +see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.) +<em>String</em> represents arrays of characters. + +Lua is 8-bit clean: +strings can contain any 8-bit character, +including embedded zeros ('<code>\0</code>') (see <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>). + + +<p> +Lua can call (and manipulate) functions written in Lua and +functions written in C +(see <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>). + + +<p> +The type <em>userdata</em> is provided to allow arbitrary C data to +be stored in Lua variables. +This type corresponds to a block of raw memory +and has no pre-defined operations in Lua, +except assignment and identity test. +However, by using <em>metatables</em>, +the programmer can define operations for userdata values +(see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). +Userdata values cannot be created or modified in Lua, +only through the C API. +This guarantees the integrity of data owned by the host program. + + +<p> +The type <em>thread</em> represents independent threads of execution +and it is used to implement coroutines (see <a href="#2.11">§2.11</a>). +Do not confuse Lua threads with operating-system threads. +Lua supports coroutines on all systems, +even those that do not support threads. + + +<p> +The type <em>table</em> implements associative arrays, +that is, arrays that can be indexed not only with numbers, +but with any value (except <b>nil</b>). +Tables can be <em>heterogeneous</em>; +that is, they can contain values of all types (except <b>nil</b>). +Tables are the sole data structuring mechanism in Lua; +they can be used to represent ordinary arrays, +symbol tables, sets, records, graphs, trees, etc. +To represent records, Lua uses the field name as an index. +The language supports this representation by +providing <code>a.name</code> as syntactic sugar for <code>a["name"]</code>. +There are several convenient ways to create tables in Lua +(see <a href="#2.5.7">§2.5.7</a>). + + +<p> +Like indices, +the value of a table field can be of any type (except <b>nil</b>). +In particular, +because functions are first-class values, +table fields can contain functions. +Thus tables can also carry <em>methods</em> (see <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>). + + +<p> +Tables, functions, threads, and (full) userdata values are <em>objects</em>: +variables do not actually <em>contain</em> these values, +only <em>references</em> to them. +Assignment, parameter passing, and function returns +always manipulate references to such values; +these operations do not imply any kind of copy. + + +<p> +The library function <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> returns a string describing the type +of a given value. + + + +<h3>2.2.1 - <a name="2.2.1">Coercion</a></h3> + +<p> +Lua provides automatic conversion between +string and number values at run time. +Any arithmetic operation applied to a string tries to convert +this string to a number, following the usual conversion rules. +Conversely, whenever a number is used where a string is expected, +the number is converted to a string, in a reasonable format. +For complete control over how numbers are converted to strings, +use the <code>format</code> function from the string library +(see <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>). + + + + + + + +<h2>2.3 - <a name="2.3">Variables</a></h2> + +<p> +Variables are places that store values. + +There are three kinds of variables in Lua: +global variables, local variables, and table fields. + + +<p> +A single name can denote a global variable or a local variable +(or a function's formal parameter, +which is a particular kind of local variable): + +<pre> + var ::= Name +</pre><p> +Name denotes identifiers, as defined in <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>. + + +<p> +Any variable is assumed to be global unless explicitly declared +as a local (see <a href="#2.4.7">§2.4.7</a>). +Local variables are <em>lexically scoped</em>: +local variables can be freely accessed by functions +defined inside their scope (see <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a>). + + +<p> +Before the first assignment to a variable, its value is <b>nil</b>. + + +<p> +Square brackets are used to index a table: + +<pre> + var ::= prefixexp `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ +</pre><p> +The meaning of accesses to global variables +and table fields can be changed via metatables. +An access to an indexed variable <code>t[i]</code> is equivalent to +a call <code>gettable_event(t,i)</code>. +(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the +<code>gettable_event</code> function. +This function is not defined or callable in Lua. +We use it here only for explanatory purposes.) + + +<p> +The syntax <code>var.Name</code> is just syntactic sugar for +<code>var["Name"]</code>: + +<pre> + var ::= prefixexp `<b>.</b>´ Name +</pre> + +<p> +All global variables live as fields in ordinary Lua tables, +called <em>environment tables</em> or simply +<em>environments</em> (see <a href="#2.9">§2.9</a>). +Each function has its own reference to an environment, +so that all global variables in this function +will refer to this environment table. +When a function is created, +it inherits the environment from the function that created it. +To get the environment table of a Lua function, +you call <a href="#pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv</code></a>. +To replace it, +you call <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a>. +(You can only manipulate the environment of C functions +through the debug library; (see <a href="#5.9">§5.9</a>).) + + +<p> +An access to a global variable <code>x</code> +is equivalent to <code>_env.x</code>, +which in turn is equivalent to + +<pre> + gettable_event(_env, "x") +</pre><p> +where <code>_env</code> is the environment of the running function. +(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the +<code>gettable_event</code> function. +This function is not defined or callable in Lua. +Similarly, the <code>_env</code> variable is not defined in Lua. +We use them here only for explanatory purposes.) + + + + + +<h2>2.4 - <a name="2.4">Statements</a></h2> + +<p> +Lua supports an almost conventional set of statements, +similar to those in Pascal or C. +This set includes +assignments, control structures, function calls, +and variable declarations. + + + +<h3>2.4.1 - <a name="2.4.1">Chunks</a></h3> + +<p> +The unit of execution of Lua is called a <em>chunk</em>. +A chunk is simply a sequence of statements, +which are executed sequentially. +Each statement can be optionally followed by a semicolon: + +<pre> + chunk ::= {stat [`<b>;</b>´]} +</pre><p> +There are no empty statements and thus '<code>;;</code>' is not legal. + + +<p> +Lua handles a chunk as the body of an anonymous function +with a variable number of arguments +(see <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>). +As such, chunks can define local variables, +receive arguments, and return values. + + +<p> +A chunk can be stored in a file or in a string inside the host program. +To execute a chunk, +Lua first pre-compiles the chunk into instructions for a virtual machine, +and then it executes the compiled code +with an interpreter for the virtual machine. + + +<p> +Chunks can also be pre-compiled into binary form; +see program <code>luac</code> for details. +Programs in source and compiled forms are interchangeable; +Lua automatically detects the file type and acts accordingly. + + + + + + +<h3>2.4.2 - <a name="2.4.2">Blocks</a></h3><p> +A block is a list of statements; +syntactically, a block is the same as a chunk: + +<pre> + block ::= chunk +</pre> + +<p> +A block can be explicitly delimited to produce a single statement: + +<pre> + stat ::= <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> +</pre><p> +Explicit blocks are useful +to control the scope of variable declarations. +Explicit blocks are also sometimes used to +add a <b>return</b> or <b>break</b> statement in the middle +of another block (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>). + + + + + +<h3>2.4.3 - <a name="2.4.3">Assignment</a></h3> + +<p> +Lua allows multiple assignments. +Therefore, the syntax for assignment +defines a list of variables on the left side +and a list of expressions on the right side. +The elements in both lists are separated by commas: + +<pre> + stat ::= varlist `<b>=</b>´ explist + varlist ::= var {`<b>,</b>´ var} + explist ::= exp {`<b>,</b>´ exp} +</pre><p> +Expressions are discussed in <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>. + + +<p> +Before the assignment, +the list of values is <em>adjusted</em> to the length of +the list of variables. +If there are more values than needed, +the excess values are thrown away. +If there are fewer values than needed, +the list is extended with as many <b>nil</b>'s as needed. +If the list of expressions ends with a function call, +then all values returned by that call enter the list of values, +before the adjustment +(except when the call is enclosed in parentheses; see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>). + + +<p> +The assignment statement first evaluates all its expressions +and only then are the assignments performed. +Thus the code + +<pre> + i = 3 + i, a[i] = i+1, 20 +</pre><p> +sets <code>a[3]</code> to 20, without affecting <code>a[4]</code> +because the <code>i</code> in <code>a[i]</code> is evaluated (to 3) +before it is assigned 4. +Similarly, the line + +<pre> + x, y = y, x +</pre><p> +exchanges the values of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, +and + +<pre> + x, y, z = y, z, x +</pre><p> +cyclically permutes the values of <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>. + + +<p> +The meaning of assignments to global variables +and table fields can be changed via metatables. +An assignment to an indexed variable <code>t[i] = val</code> is equivalent to +<code>settable_event(t,i,val)</code>. +(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the +<code>settable_event</code> function. +This function is not defined or callable in Lua. +We use it here only for explanatory purposes.) + + +<p> +An assignment to a global variable <code>x = val</code> +is equivalent to the assignment +<code>_env.x = val</code>, +which in turn is equivalent to + +<pre> + settable_event(_env, "x", val) +</pre><p> +where <code>_env</code> is the environment of the running function. +(The <code>_env</code> variable is not defined in Lua. +We use it here only for explanatory purposes.) + + + + + +<h3>2.4.4 - <a name="2.4.4">Control Structures</a></h3><p> +The control structures +<b>if</b>, <b>while</b>, and <b>repeat</b> have the usual meaning and +familiar syntax: + + + + +<pre> + stat ::= <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> + stat ::= <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp + stat ::= <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b> +</pre><p> +Lua also has a <b>for</b> statement, in two flavors (see <a href="#2.4.5">§2.4.5</a>). + + +<p> +The condition expression of a +control structure can return any value. +Both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> are considered false. +All values different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> are considered true +(in particular, the number 0 and the empty string are also true). + + +<p> +In the <b>repeat</b>–<b>until</b> loop, +the inner block does not end at the <b>until</b> keyword, +but only after the condition. +So, the condition can refer to local variables +declared inside the loop block. + + +<p> +The <b>return</b> statement is used to return values +from a function or a chunk (which is just a function). + +Functions and chunks can return more than one value, +and so the syntax for the <b>return</b> statement is + +<pre> + stat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] +</pre> + +<p> +The <b>break</b> statement is used to terminate the execution of a +<b>while</b>, <b>repeat</b>, or <b>for</b> loop, +skipping to the next statement after the loop: + + +<pre> + stat ::= <b>break</b> +</pre><p> +A <b>break</b> ends the innermost enclosing loop. + + +<p> +The <b>return</b> and <b>break</b> +statements can only be written as the <em>last</em> statement of a block. +If it is really necessary to <b>return</b> or <b>break</b> in the +middle of a block, +then an explicit inner block can be used, +as in the idioms +<code>do return end</code> and <code>do break end</code>, +because now <b>return</b> and <b>break</b> are the last statements in +their (inner) blocks. + + + + + +<h3>2.4.5 - <a name="2.4.5">For Statement</a></h3> + +<p> + +The <b>for</b> statement has two forms: +one numeric and one generic. + + +<p> +The numeric <b>for</b> loop repeats a block of code while a +control variable runs through an arithmetic progression. +It has the following syntax: + +<pre> + stat ::= <b>for</b> Name `<b>=</b>´ exp `<b>,</b>´ exp [`<b>,</b>´ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> +</pre><p> +The <em>block</em> is repeated for <em>name</em> starting at the value of +the first <em>exp</em>, until it passes the second <em>exp</em> by steps of the +third <em>exp</em>. +More precisely, a <b>for</b> statement like + +<pre> + for v = <em>e1</em>, <em>e2</em>, <em>e3</em> do <em>block</em> end +</pre><p> +is equivalent to the code: + +<pre> + do + local <em>var</em>, <em>limit</em>, <em>step</em> = tonumber(<em>e1</em>), tonumber(<em>e2</em>), tonumber(<em>e3</em>) + if not (<em>var</em> and <em>limit</em> and <em>step</em>) then error() end + while (<em>step</em> > 0 and <em>var</em> <= <em>limit</em>) or (<em>step</em> <= 0 and <em>var</em> >= <em>limit</em>) do + local v = <em>var</em> + <em>block</em> + <em>var</em> = <em>var</em> + <em>step</em> + end + end +</pre><p> +Note the following: + +<ul> + +<li> +All three control expressions are evaluated only once, +before the loop starts. +They must all result in numbers. +</li> + +<li> +<code><em>var</em></code>, <code><em>limit</em></code>, and <code><em>step</em></code> are invisible variables. +The names shown here are for explanatory purposes only. +</li> + +<li> +If the third expression (the step) is absent, +then a step of 1 is used. +</li> + +<li> +You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop. +</li> + +<li> +The loop variable <code>v</code> is local to the loop; +you cannot use its value after the <b>for</b> ends or is broken. +If you need this value, +assign it to another variable before breaking or exiting the loop. +</li> + +</ul> + +<p> +The generic <b>for</b> statement works over functions, +called <em>iterators</em>. +On each iteration, the iterator function is called to produce a new value, +stopping when this new value is <b>nil</b>. +The generic <b>for</b> loop has the following syntax: + +<pre> + stat ::= <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> + namelist ::= Name {`<b>,</b>´ Name} +</pre><p> +A <b>for</b> statement like + +<pre> + for <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> in <em>explist</em> do <em>block</em> end +</pre><p> +is equivalent to the code: + +<pre> + do + local <em>f</em>, <em>s</em>, <em>var</em> = <em>explist</em> + while true do + local <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> = <em>f</em>(<em>s</em>, <em>var</em>) + <em>var</em> = <em>var_1</em> + if <em>var</em> == nil then break end + <em>block</em> + end + end +</pre><p> +Note the following: + +<ul> + +<li> +<code><em>explist</em></code> is evaluated only once. +Its results are an <em>iterator</em> function, +a <em>state</em>, +and an initial value for the first <em>iterator variable</em>. +</li> + +<li> +<code><em>f</em></code>, <code><em>s</em></code>, and <code><em>var</em></code> are invisible variables. +The names are here for explanatory purposes only. +</li> + +<li> +You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop. +</li> + +<li> +The loop variables <code><em>var_i</em></code> are local to the loop; +you cannot use their values after the <b>for</b> ends. +If you need these values, +then assign them to other variables before breaking or exiting the loop. +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<h3>2.4.6 - <a name="2.4.6">Function Calls as Statements</a></h3><p> +To allow possible side-effects, +function calls can be executed as statements: + +<pre> + stat ::= functioncall +</pre><p> +In this case, all returned values are thrown away. +Function calls are explained in <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>. + + + + + +<h3>2.4.7 - <a name="2.4.7">Local Declarations</a></h3><p> +Local variables can be declared anywhere inside a block. +The declaration can include an initial assignment: + +<pre> + stat ::= <b>local</b> namelist [`<b>=</b>´ explist] +</pre><p> +If present, an initial assignment has the same semantics +of a multiple assignment (see <a href="#2.4.3">§2.4.3</a>). +Otherwise, all variables are initialized with <b>nil</b>. + + +<p> +A chunk is also a block (see <a href="#2.4.1">§2.4.1</a>), +and so local variables can be declared in a chunk outside any explicit block. +The scope of such local variables extends until the end of the chunk. + + +<p> +The visibility rules for local variables are explained in <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a>. + + + + + + + +<h2>2.5 - <a name="2.5">Expressions</a></h2> + +<p> +The basic expressions in Lua are the following: + +<pre> + exp ::= prefixexp + exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> + exp ::= Number + exp ::= String + exp ::= function + exp ::= tableconstructor + exp ::= `<b>...</b>´ + exp ::= exp binop exp + exp ::= unop exp + prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | `<b>(</b>´ exp `<b>)</b>´ +</pre> + +<p> +Numbers and literal strings are explained in <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>; +variables are explained in <a href="#2.3">§2.3</a>; +function definitions are explained in <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>; +function calls are explained in <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>; +table constructors are explained in <a href="#2.5.7">§2.5.7</a>. +Vararg expressions, +denoted by three dots ('<code>...</code>'), can only be used when +directly inside a vararg function; +they are explained in <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>. + + +<p> +Binary operators comprise arithmetic operators (see <a href="#2.5.1">§2.5.1</a>), +relational operators (see <a href="#2.5.2">§2.5.2</a>), logical operators (see <a href="#2.5.3">§2.5.3</a>), +and the concatenation operator (see <a href="#2.5.4">§2.5.4</a>). +Unary operators comprise the unary minus (see <a href="#2.5.1">§2.5.1</a>), +the unary <b>not</b> (see <a href="#2.5.3">§2.5.3</a>), +and the unary <em>length operator</em> (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>). + + +<p> +Both function calls and vararg expressions can result in multiple values. +If an expression is used as a statement +(only possible for function calls (see <a href="#2.4.6">§2.4.6</a>)), +then its return list is adjusted to zero elements, +thus discarding all returned values. +If an expression is used as the last (or the only) element +of a list of expressions, +then no adjustment is made +(unless the call is enclosed in parentheses). +In all other contexts, +Lua adjusts the result list to one element, +discarding all values except the first one. + + +<p> +Here are some examples: + +<pre> + f() -- adjusted to 0 results + g(f(), x) -- f() is adjusted to 1 result + g(x, f()) -- g gets x plus all results from f() + a,b,c = f(), x -- f() is adjusted to 1 result (c gets nil) + a,b = ... -- a gets the first vararg parameter, b gets + -- the second (both a and b can get nil if there + -- is no corresponding vararg parameter) + + a,b,c = x, f() -- f() is adjusted to 2 results + a,b,c = f() -- f() is adjusted to 3 results + return f() -- returns all results from f() + return ... -- returns all received vararg parameters + return x,y,f() -- returns x, y, and all results from f() + {f()} -- creates a list with all results from f() + {...} -- creates a list with all vararg parameters + {f(), nil} -- f() is adjusted to 1 result +</pre> + +<p> +Any expression enclosed in parentheses always results in only one value. +Thus, +<code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is always a single value, +even if <code>f</code> returns several values. +(The value of <code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is the first value returned by <code>f</code> +or <b>nil</b> if <code>f</code> does not return any values.) + + + +<h3>2.5.1 - <a name="2.5.1">Arithmetic Operators</a></h3><p> +Lua supports the usual arithmetic operators: +the binary <code>+</code> (addition), +<code>-</code> (subtraction), <code>*</code> (multiplication), +<code>/</code> (division), <code>%</code> (modulo), and <code>^</code> (exponentiation); +and unary <code>-</code> (negation). +If the operands are numbers, or strings that can be converted to +numbers (see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>), +then all operations have the usual meaning. +Exponentiation works for any exponent. +For instance, <code>x^(-0.5)</code> computes the inverse of the square root of <code>x</code>. +Modulo is defined as + +<pre> + a % b == a - math.floor(a/b)*b +</pre><p> +That is, it is the remainder of a division that rounds +the quotient towards minus infinity. + + + + + +<h3>2.5.2 - <a name="2.5.2">Relational Operators</a></h3><p> +The relational operators in Lua are + +<pre> + == ~= < > <= >= +</pre><p> +These operators always result in <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>. + + +<p> +Equality (<code>==</code>) first compares the type of its operands. +If the types are different, then the result is <b>false</b>. +Otherwise, the values of the operands are compared. +Numbers and strings are compared in the usual way. +Objects (tables, userdata, threads, and functions) +are compared by <em>reference</em>: +two objects are considered equal only if they are the <em>same</em> object. +Every time you create a new object +(a table, userdata, thread, or function), +this new object is different from any previously existing object. + + +<p> +You can change the way that Lua compares tables and userdata +by using the "eq" metamethod (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). + + +<p> +The conversion rules of <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a> +<em>do not</em> apply to equality comparisons. +Thus, <code>"0"==0</code> evaluates to <b>false</b>, +and <code>t[0]</code> and <code>t["0"]</code> denote different +entries in a table. + + +<p> +The operator <code>~=</code> is exactly the negation of equality (<code>==</code>). + + +<p> +The order operators work as follows. +If both arguments are numbers, then they are compared as such. +Otherwise, if both arguments are strings, +then their values are compared according to the current locale. +Otherwise, Lua tries to call the "lt" or the "le" +metamethod (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). +A comparison <code>a > b</code> is translated to <code>b < a</code> +and <code>a >= b</code> is translated to <code>b <= a</code>. + + + + + +<h3>2.5.3 - <a name="2.5.3">Logical Operators</a></h3><p> +The logical operators in Lua are +<b>and</b>, <b>or</b>, and <b>not</b>. +Like the control structures (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>), +all logical operators consider both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> as false +and anything else as true. + + +<p> +The negation operator <b>not</b> always returns <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>. +The conjunction operator <b>and</b> returns its first argument +if this value is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>; +otherwise, <b>and</b> returns its second argument. +The disjunction operator <b>or</b> returns its first argument +if this value is different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b>; +otherwise, <b>or</b> returns its second argument. +Both <b>and</b> and <b>or</b> use short-cut evaluation; +that is, +the second operand is evaluated only if necessary. +Here are some examples: + +<pre> + 10 or 20 --> 10 + 10 or error() --> 10 + nil or "a" --> "a" + nil and 10 --> nil + false and error() --> false + false and nil --> false + false or nil --> nil + 10 and 20 --> 20 +</pre><p> +(In this manual, +<code>--></code> indicates the result of the preceding expression.) + + + + + +<h3>2.5.4 - <a name="2.5.4">Concatenation</a></h3><p> +The string concatenation operator in Lua is +denoted by two dots ('<code>..</code>'). +If both operands are strings or numbers, then they are converted to +strings according to the rules mentioned in <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>. +Otherwise, the "concat" metamethod is called (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). + + + + + +<h3>2.5.5 - <a name="2.5.5">The Length Operator</a></h3> + +<p> +The length operator is denoted by the unary operator <code>#</code>. +The length of a string is its number of bytes +(that is, the usual meaning of string length when each +character is one byte). + + +<p> +The length of a table <code>t</code> is defined to be any +integer index <code>n</code> +such that <code>t[n]</code> is not <b>nil</b> and <code>t[n+1]</code> is <b>nil</b>; +moreover, if <code>t[1]</code> is <b>nil</b>, <code>n</code> can be zero. +For a regular array, with non-nil values from 1 to a given <code>n</code>, +its length is exactly that <code>n</code>, +the index of its last value. +If the array has "holes" +(that is, <b>nil</b> values between other non-nil values), +then <code>#t</code> can be any of the indices that +directly precedes a <b>nil</b> value +(that is, it may consider any such <b>nil</b> value as the end of +the array). + + + + + +<h3>2.5.6 - <a name="2.5.6">Precedence</a></h3><p> +Operator precedence in Lua follows the table below, +from lower to higher priority: + +<pre> + or + and + < > <= >= ~= == + .. + + - + * / % + not # - (unary) + ^ +</pre><p> +As usual, +you can use parentheses to change the precedences of an expression. +The concatenation ('<code>..</code>') and exponentiation ('<code>^</code>') +operators are right associative. +All other binary operators are left associative. + + + + + +<h3>2.5.7 - <a name="2.5.7">Table Constructors</a></h3><p> +Table constructors are expressions that create tables. +Every time a constructor is evaluated, a new table is created. +A constructor can be used to create an empty table +or to create a table and initialize some of its fields. +The general syntax for constructors is + +<pre> + tableconstructor ::= `<b>{</b>´ [fieldlist] `<b>}</b>´ + fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep] + field ::= `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ `<b>=</b>´ exp | Name `<b>=</b>´ exp | exp + fieldsep ::= `<b>,</b>´ | `<b>;</b>´ +</pre> + +<p> +Each field of the form <code>[exp1] = exp2</code> adds to the new table an entry +with key <code>exp1</code> and value <code>exp2</code>. +A field of the form <code>name = exp</code> is equivalent to +<code>["name"] = exp</code>. +Finally, fields of the form <code>exp</code> are equivalent to +<code>[i] = exp</code>, where <code>i</code> are consecutive numerical integers, +starting with 1. +Fields in the other formats do not affect this counting. +For example, + +<pre> + a = { [f(1)] = g; "x", "y"; x = 1, f(x), [30] = 23; 45 } +</pre><p> +is equivalent to + +<pre> + do + local t = {} + t[f(1)] = g + t[1] = "x" -- 1st exp + t[2] = "y" -- 2nd exp + t.x = 1 -- t["x"] = 1 + t[3] = f(x) -- 3rd exp + t[30] = 23 + t[4] = 45 -- 4th exp + a = t + end +</pre> + +<p> +If the last field in the list has the form <code>exp</code> +and the expression is a function call or a vararg expression, +then all values returned by this expression enter the list consecutively +(see <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>). +To avoid this, +enclose the function call or the vararg expression +in parentheses (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>). + + +<p> +The field list can have an optional trailing separator, +as a convenience for machine-generated code. + + + + + +<h3>2.5.8 - <a name="2.5.8">Function Calls</a></h3><p> +A function call in Lua has the following syntax: + +<pre> + functioncall ::= prefixexp args +</pre><p> +In a function call, +first prefixexp and args are evaluated. +If the value of prefixexp has type <em>function</em>, +then this function is called +with the given arguments. +Otherwise, the prefixexp "call" metamethod is called, +having as first parameter the value of prefixexp, +followed by the original call arguments +(see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). + + +<p> +The form + +<pre> + functioncall ::= prefixexp `<b>:</b>´ Name args +</pre><p> +can be used to call "methods". +A call <code>v:name(<em>args</em>)</code> +is syntactic sugar for <code>v.name(v,<em>args</em>)</code>, +except that <code>v</code> is evaluated only once. + + +<p> +Arguments have the following syntax: + +<pre> + args ::= `<b>(</b>´ [explist] `<b>)</b>´ + args ::= tableconstructor + args ::= String +</pre><p> +All argument expressions are evaluated before the call. +A call of the form <code>f{<em>fields</em>}</code> is +syntactic sugar for <code>f({<em>fields</em>})</code>; +that is, the argument list is a single new table. +A call of the form <code>f'<em>string</em>'</code> +(or <code>f"<em>string</em>"</code> or <code>f[[<em>string</em>]]</code>) +is syntactic sugar for <code>f('<em>string</em>')</code>; +that is, the argument list is a single literal string. + + +<p> +As an exception to the free-format syntax of Lua, +you cannot put a line break before the '<code>(</code>' in a function call. +This restriction avoids some ambiguities in the language. +If you write + +<pre> + a = f + (g).x(a) +</pre><p> +Lua would see that as a single statement, <code>a = f(g).x(a)</code>. +So, if you want two statements, you must add a semi-colon between them. +If you actually want to call <code>f</code>, +you must remove the line break before <code>(g)</code>. + + +<p> +A call of the form <code>return</code> <em>functioncall</em> is called +a <em>tail call</em>. +Lua implements <em>proper tail calls</em> +(or <em>proper tail recursion</em>): +in a tail call, +the called function reuses the stack entry of the calling function. +Therefore, there is no limit on the number of nested tail calls that +a program can execute. +However, a tail call erases any debug information about the +calling function. +Note that a tail call only happens with a particular syntax, +where the <b>return</b> has one single function call as argument; +this syntax makes the calling function return exactly +the returns of the called function. +So, none of the following examples are tail calls: + +<pre> + return (f(x)) -- results adjusted to 1 + return 2 * f(x) + return x, f(x) -- additional results + f(x); return -- results discarded + return x or f(x) -- results adjusted to 1 +</pre> + + + + +<h3>2.5.9 - <a name="2.5.9">Function Definitions</a></h3> + +<p> +The syntax for function definition is + +<pre> + function ::= <b>function</b> funcbody + funcbody ::= `<b>(</b>´ [parlist] `<b>)</b>´ block <b>end</b> +</pre> + +<p> +The following syntactic sugar simplifies function definitions: + +<pre> + stat ::= <b>function</b> funcname funcbody + stat ::= <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody + funcname ::= Name {`<b>.</b>´ Name} [`<b>:</b>´ Name] +</pre><p> +The statement + +<pre> + function f () <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +translates to + +<pre> + f = function () <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +The statement + +<pre> + function t.a.b.c.f () <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +translates to + +<pre> + t.a.b.c.f = function () <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +The statement + +<pre> + local function f () <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +translates to + +<pre> + local f; f = function () <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +<em>not</em> to + +<pre> + local f = function () <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +(This only makes a difference when the body of the function +contains references to <code>f</code>.) + + +<p> +A function definition is an executable expression, +whose value has type <em>function</em>. +When Lua pre-compiles a chunk, +all its function bodies are pre-compiled too. +Then, whenever Lua executes the function definition, +the function is <em>instantiated</em> (or <em>closed</em>). +This function instance (or <em>closure</em>) +is the final value of the expression. +Different instances of the same function +can refer to different external local variables +and can have different environment tables. + + +<p> +Parameters act as local variables that are +initialized with the argument values: + +<pre> + parlist ::= namelist [`<b>,</b>´ `<b>...</b>´] | `<b>...</b>´ +</pre><p> +When a function is called, +the list of arguments is adjusted to +the length of the list of parameters, +unless the function is a variadic or <em>vararg function</em>, +which is +indicated by three dots ('<code>...</code>') at the end of its parameter list. +A vararg function does not adjust its argument list; +instead, it collects all extra arguments and supplies them +to the function through a <em>vararg expression</em>, +which is also written as three dots. +The value of this expression is a list of all actual extra arguments, +similar to a function with multiple results. +If a vararg expression is used inside another expression +or in the middle of a list of expressions, +then its return list is adjusted to one element. +If the expression is used as the last element of a list of expressions, +then no adjustment is made +(unless that last expression is enclosed in parentheses). + + +<p> +As an example, consider the following definitions: + +<pre> + function f(a, b) end + function g(a, b, ...) end + function r() return 1,2,3 end +</pre><p> +Then, we have the following mapping from arguments to parameters and +to the vararg expression: + +<pre> + CALL PARAMETERS + + f(3) a=3, b=nil + f(3, 4) a=3, b=4 + f(3, 4, 5) a=3, b=4 + f(r(), 10) a=1, b=10 + f(r()) a=1, b=2 + + g(3) a=3, b=nil, ... --> (nothing) + g(3, 4) a=3, b=4, ... --> (nothing) + g(3, 4, 5, 8) a=3, b=4, ... --> 5 8 + g(5, r()) a=5, b=1, ... --> 2 3 +</pre> + +<p> +Results are returned using the <b>return</b> statement (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>). +If control reaches the end of a function +without encountering a <b>return</b> statement, +then the function returns with no results. + + +<p> +The <em>colon</em> syntax +is used for defining <em>methods</em>, +that is, functions that have an implicit extra parameter <code>self</code>. +Thus, the statement + +<pre> + function t.a.b.c:f (<em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +is syntactic sugar for + +<pre> + t.a.b.c.f = function (self, <em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end +</pre> + + + + + + +<h2>2.6 - <a name="2.6">Visibility Rules</a></h2> + +<p> + +Lua is a lexically scoped language. +The scope of variables begins at the first statement <em>after</em> +their declaration and lasts until the end of the innermost block that +includes the declaration. +Consider the following example: + +<pre> + x = 10 -- global variable + do -- new block + local x = x -- new 'x', with value 10 + print(x) --> 10 + x = x+1 + do -- another block + local x = x+1 -- another 'x' + print(x) --> 12 + end + print(x) --> 11 + end + print(x) --> 10 (the global one) +</pre> + +<p> +Notice that, in a declaration like <code>local x = x</code>, +the new <code>x</code> being declared is not in scope yet, +and so the second <code>x</code> refers to the outside variable. + + +<p> +Because of the lexical scoping rules, +local variables can be freely accessed by functions +defined inside their scope. +A local variable used by an inner function is called +an <em>upvalue</em>, or <em>external local variable</em>, +inside the inner function. + + +<p> +Notice that each execution of a <b>local</b> statement +defines new local variables. +Consider the following example: + +<pre> + a = {} + local x = 20 + for i=1,10 do + local y = 0 + a[i] = function () y=y+1; return x+y end + end +</pre><p> +The loop creates ten closures +(that is, ten instances of the anonymous function). +Each of these closures uses a different <code>y</code> variable, +while all of them share the same <code>x</code>. + + + + + +<h2>2.7 - <a name="2.7">Error Handling</a></h2> + +<p> +Because Lua is an embedded extension language, +all Lua actions start from C code in the host program +calling a function from the Lua library (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>). +Whenever an error occurs during Lua compilation or execution, +control returns to C, +which can take appropriate measures +(such as printing an error message). + + +<p> +Lua code can explicitly generate an error by calling the +<a href="#pdf-error"><code>error</code></a> function. +If you need to catch errors in Lua, +you can use the <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a> function. + + + + + +<h2>2.8 - <a name="2.8">Metatables</a></h2> + +<p> +Every value in Lua can have a <em>metatable</em>. +This <em>metatable</em> is an ordinary Lua table +that defines the behavior of the original value +under certain special operations. +You can change several aspects of the behavior +of operations over a value by setting specific fields in its metatable. +For instance, when a non-numeric value is the operand of an addition, +Lua checks for a function in the field <code>"__add"</code> in its metatable. +If it finds one, +Lua calls this function to perform the addition. + + +<p> +We call the keys in a metatable <em>events</em> +and the values <em>metamethods</em>. +In the previous example, the event is <code>"add"</code> +and the metamethod is the function that performs the addition. + + +<p> +You can query the metatable of any value +through the <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a> function. + + +<p> +You can replace the metatable of tables +through the <a href="#pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable</code></a> +function. +You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua +(except by using the debug library); +you must use the C API for that. + + +<p> +Tables and full userdata have individual metatables +(although multiple tables and userdata can share their metatables). +Values of all other types share one single metatable per type; +that is, there is one single metatable for all numbers, +one for all strings, etc. + + +<p> +A metatable controls how an object behaves in arithmetic operations, +order comparisons, concatenation, length operation, and indexing. +A metatable also can define a function to be called when a userdata +is garbage collected. +For each of these operations Lua associates a specific key +called an <em>event</em>. +When Lua performs one of these operations over a value, +it checks whether this value has a metatable with the corresponding event. +If so, the value associated with that key (the metamethod) +controls how Lua will perform the operation. + + +<p> +Metatables control the operations listed next. +Each operation is identified by its corresponding name. +The key for each operation is a string with its name prefixed by +two underscores, '<code>__</code>'; +for instance, the key for operation "add" is the +string <code>"__add"</code>. +The semantics of these operations is better explained by a Lua function +describing how the interpreter executes the operation. + + +<p> +The code shown here in Lua is only illustrative; +the real behavior is hard coded in the interpreter +and it is much more efficient than this simulation. +All functions used in these descriptions +(<a href="#pdf-rawget"><code>rawget</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber</code></a>, etc.) +are described in <a href="#5.1">§5.1</a>. +In particular, to retrieve the metamethod of a given object, +we use the expression + +<pre> + metatable(obj)[event] +</pre><p> +This should be read as + +<pre> + rawget(getmetatable(obj) or {}, event) +</pre><p> + +That is, the access to a metamethod does not invoke other metamethods, +and the access to objects with no metatables does not fail +(it simply results in <b>nil</b>). + + + +<ul> + +<li><b>"add":</b> +the <code>+</code> operation. + + + +<p> +The function <code>getbinhandler</code> below defines how Lua chooses a handler +for a binary operation. +First, Lua tries the first operand. +If its type does not define a handler for the operation, +then Lua tries the second operand. + +<pre> + function getbinhandler (op1, op2, event) + return metatable(op1)[event] or metatable(op2)[event] + end +</pre><p> +By using this function, +the behavior of the <code>op1 + op2</code> is + +<pre> + function add_event (op1, op2) + local o1, o2 = tonumber(op1), tonumber(op2) + if o1 and o2 then -- both operands are numeric? + return o1 + o2 -- '+' here is the primitive 'add' + else -- at least one of the operands is not numeric + local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__add") + if h then + -- call the handler with both operands + return (h(op1, op2)) + else -- no handler available: default behavior + error(···) + end + end + end +</pre><p> +</li> + +<li><b>"sub":</b> +the <code>-</code> operation. + +Behavior similar to the "add" operation. +</li> + +<li><b>"mul":</b> +the <code>*</code> operation. + +Behavior similar to the "add" operation. +</li> + +<li><b>"div":</b> +the <code>/</code> operation. + +Behavior similar to the "add" operation. +</li> + +<li><b>"mod":</b> +the <code>%</code> operation. + +Behavior similar to the "add" operation, +with the operation +<code>o1 - floor(o1/o2)*o2</code> as the primitive operation. +</li> + +<li><b>"pow":</b> +the <code>^</code> (exponentiation) operation. + +Behavior similar to the "add" operation, +with the function <code>pow</code> (from the C math library) +as the primitive operation. +</li> + +<li><b>"unm":</b> +the unary <code>-</code> operation. + + +<pre> + function unm_event (op) + local o = tonumber(op) + if o then -- operand is numeric? + return -o -- '-' here is the primitive 'unm' + else -- the operand is not numeric. + -- Try to get a handler from the operand + local h = metatable(op).__unm + if h then + -- call the handler with the operand + return (h(op)) + else -- no handler available: default behavior + error(···) + end + end + end +</pre><p> +</li> + +<li><b>"concat":</b> +the <code>..</code> (concatenation) operation. + + +<pre> + function concat_event (op1, op2) + if (type(op1) == "string" or type(op1) == "number") and + (type(op2) == "string" or type(op2) == "number") then + return op1 .. op2 -- primitive string concatenation + else + local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__concat") + if h then + return (h(op1, op2)) + else + error(···) + end + end + end +</pre><p> +</li> + +<li><b>"len":</b> +the <code>#</code> operation. + + +<pre> + function len_event (op) + if type(op) == "string" then + return strlen(op) -- primitive string length + elseif type(op) == "table" then + return #op -- primitive table length + else + local h = metatable(op).__len + if h then + -- call the handler with the operand + return (h(op)) + else -- no handler available: default behavior + error(···) + end + end + end +</pre><p> +See <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a> for a description of the length of a table. +</li> + +<li><b>"eq":</b> +the <code>==</code> operation. + +The function <code>getcomphandler</code> defines how Lua chooses a metamethod +for comparison operators. +A metamethod only is selected when both objects +being compared have the same type +and the same metamethod for the selected operation. + +<pre> + function getcomphandler (op1, op2, event) + if type(op1) ~= type(op2) then return nil end + local mm1 = metatable(op1)[event] + local mm2 = metatable(op2)[event] + if mm1 == mm2 then return mm1 else return nil end + end +</pre><p> +The "eq" event is defined as follows: + +<pre> + function eq_event (op1, op2) + if type(op1) ~= type(op2) then -- different types? + return false -- different objects + end + if op1 == op2 then -- primitive equal? + return true -- objects are equal + end + -- try metamethod + local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__eq") + if h then + return (h(op1, op2)) + else + return false + end + end +</pre><p> +<code>a ~= b</code> is equivalent to <code>not (a == b)</code>. +</li> + +<li><b>"lt":</b> +the <code><</code> operation. + + +<pre> + function lt_event (op1, op2) + if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then + return op1 < op2 -- numeric comparison + elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then + return op1 < op2 -- lexicographic comparison + else + local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__lt") + if h then + return (h(op1, op2)) + else + error(···) + end + end + end +</pre><p> +<code>a > b</code> is equivalent to <code>b < a</code>. +</li> + +<li><b>"le":</b> +the <code><=</code> operation. + + +<pre> + function le_event (op1, op2) + if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then + return op1 <= op2 -- numeric comparison + elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then + return op1 <= op2 -- lexicographic comparison + else + local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__le") + if h then + return (h(op1, op2)) + else + h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__lt") + if h then + return not h(op2, op1) + else + error(···) + end + end + end + end +</pre><p> +<code>a >= b</code> is equivalent to <code>b <= a</code>. +Note that, in the absence of a "le" metamethod, +Lua tries the "lt", assuming that <code>a <= b</code> is +equivalent to <code>not (b < a)</code>. +</li> + +<li><b>"index":</b> +The indexing access <code>table[key]</code>. + + +<pre> + function gettable_event (table, key) + local h + if type(table) == "table" then + local v = rawget(table, key) + if v ~= nil then return v end + h = metatable(table).__index + if h == nil then return nil end + else + h = metatable(table).__index + if h == nil then + error(···) + end + end + if type(h) == "function" then + return (h(table, key)) -- call the handler + else return h[key] -- or repeat operation on it + end + end +</pre><p> +</li> + +<li><b>"newindex":</b> +The indexing assignment <code>table[key] = value</code>. + + +<pre> + function settable_event (table, key, value) + local h + if type(table) == "table" then + local v = rawget(table, key) + if v ~= nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end + h = metatable(table).__newindex + if h == nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end + else + h = metatable(table).__newindex + if h == nil then + error(···) + end + end + if type(h) == "function" then + h(table, key,value) -- call the handler + else h[key] = value -- or repeat operation on it + end + end +</pre><p> +</li> + +<li><b>"call":</b> +called when Lua calls a value. + + +<pre> + function function_event (func, ...) + if type(func) == "function" then + return func(...) -- primitive call + else + local h = metatable(func).__call + if h then + return h(func, ...) + else + error(···) + end + end + end +</pre><p> +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<h2>2.9 - <a name="2.9">Environments</a></h2> + +<p> +Besides metatables, +objects of types thread, function, and userdata +have another table associated with them, +called their <em>environment</em>. +Like metatables, environments are regular tables and +multiple objects can share the same environment. + + +<p> +Threads are created sharing the environment of the creating thread. +Userdata and C functions are created sharing the environment +of the creating C function. +Non-nested Lua functions +(created by <a href="#pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>) +are created sharing the environment of the creating thread. +Nested Lua functions are created sharing the environment of +the creating Lua function. + + +<p> +Environments associated with userdata have no meaning for Lua. +It is only a convenience feature for programmers to associate a table to +a userdata. + + +<p> +Environments associated with threads are called +<em>global environments</em>. +They are used as the default environment for threads and +non-nested Lua functions created by the thread +and can be directly accessed by C code (see <a href="#3.3">§3.3</a>). + + +<p> +The environment associated with a C function can be directly +accessed by C code (see <a href="#3.3">§3.3</a>). +It is used as the default environment for other C functions +and userdata created by the function. + + +<p> +Environments associated with Lua functions are used to resolve +all accesses to global variables within the function (see <a href="#2.3">§2.3</a>). +They are used as the default environment for nested Lua functions +created by the function. + + +<p> +You can change the environment of a Lua function or the +running thread by calling <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a>. +You can get the environment of a Lua function or the running thread +by calling <a href="#pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv</code></a>. +To manipulate the environment of other objects +(userdata, C functions, other threads) you must +use the C API. + + + + + +<h2>2.10 - <a name="2.10">Garbage Collection</a></h2> + +<p> +Lua performs automatic memory management. +This means that +you have to worry neither about allocating memory for new objects +nor about freeing it when the objects are no longer needed. +Lua manages memory automatically by running +a <em>garbage collector</em> from time to time +to collect all <em>dead objects</em> +(that is, objects that are no longer accessible from Lua). +All memory used by Lua is subject to automatic management: +tables, userdata, functions, threads, strings, etc. + + +<p> +Lua implements an incremental mark-and-sweep collector. +It uses two numbers to control its garbage-collection cycles: +the <em>garbage-collector pause</em> and +the <em>garbage-collector step multiplier</em>. +Both use percentage points as units +(so that a value of 100 means an internal value of 1). + + +<p> +The garbage-collector pause +controls how long the collector waits before starting a new cycle. +Larger values make the collector less aggressive. +Values smaller than 100 mean the collector will not wait to +start a new cycle. +A value of 200 means that the collector waits for the total memory in use +to double before starting a new cycle. + + +<p> +The step multiplier +controls the relative speed of the collector relative to +memory allocation. +Larger values make the collector more aggressive but also increase +the size of each incremental step. +Values smaller than 100 make the collector too slow and +can result in the collector never finishing a cycle. +The default, 200, means that the collector runs at "twice" +the speed of memory allocation. + + +<p> +You can change these numbers by calling <a href="#lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a> in C +or <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> in Lua. +With these functions you can also control +the collector directly (e.g., stop and restart it). + + + +<h3>2.10.1 - <a name="2.10.1">Garbage-Collection Metamethods</a></h3> + +<p> +Using the C API, +you can set garbage-collector metamethods for userdata (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). +These metamethods are also called <em>finalizers</em>. +Finalizers allow you to coordinate Lua's garbage collection +with external resource management +(such as closing files, network or database connections, +or freeing your own memory). + + +<p> +Garbage userdata with a field <code>__gc</code> in their metatables are not +collected immediately by the garbage collector. +Instead, Lua puts them in a list. +After the collection, +Lua does the equivalent of the following function +for each userdata in that list: + +<pre> + function gc_event (udata) + local h = metatable(udata).__gc + if h then + h(udata) + end + end +</pre> + +<p> +At the end of each garbage-collection cycle, +the finalizers for userdata are called in <em>reverse</em> +order of their creation, +among those collected in that cycle. +That is, the first finalizer to be called is the one associated +with the userdata created last in the program. +The userdata itself is freed only in the next garbage-collection cycle. + + + + + +<h3>2.10.2 - <a name="2.10.2">Weak Tables</a></h3> + +<p> +A <em>weak table</em> is a table whose elements are +<em>weak references</em>. +A weak reference is ignored by the garbage collector. +In other words, +if the only references to an object are weak references, +then the garbage collector will collect this object. + + +<p> +A weak table can have weak keys, weak values, or both. +A table with weak keys allows the collection of its keys, +but prevents the collection of its values. +A table with both weak keys and weak values allows the collection of +both keys and values. +In any case, if either the key or the value is collected, +the whole pair is removed from the table. +The weakness of a table is controlled by the +<code>__mode</code> field of its metatable. +If the <code>__mode</code> field is a string containing the character '<code>k</code>', +the keys in the table are weak. +If <code>__mode</code> contains '<code>v</code>', +the values in the table are weak. + + +<p> +After you use a table as a metatable, +you should not change the value of its <code>__mode</code> field. +Otherwise, the weak behavior of the tables controlled by this +metatable is undefined. + + + + + + + +<h2>2.11 - <a name="2.11">Coroutines</a></h2> + +<p> +Lua supports coroutines, +also called <em>collaborative multithreading</em>. +A coroutine in Lua represents an independent thread of execution. +Unlike threads in multithread systems, however, +a coroutine only suspends its execution by explicitly calling +a yield function. + + +<p> +You create a coroutine with a call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>. +Its sole argument is a function +that is the main function of the coroutine. +The <code>create</code> function only creates a new coroutine and +returns a handle to it (an object of type <em>thread</em>); +it does not start the coroutine execution. + + +<p> +When you first call <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>, +passing as its first argument +a thread returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>, +the coroutine starts its execution, +at the first line of its main function. +Extra arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> are passed on +to the coroutine main function. +After the coroutine starts running, +it runs until it terminates or <em>yields</em>. + + +<p> +A coroutine can terminate its execution in two ways: +normally, when its main function returns +(explicitly or implicitly, after the last instruction); +and abnormally, if there is an unprotected error. +In the first case, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>true</b>, +plus any values returned by the coroutine main function. +In case of errors, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>false</b> +plus an error message. + + +<p> +A coroutine yields by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>. +When a coroutine yields, +the corresponding <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns immediately, +even if the yield happens inside nested function calls +(that is, not in the main function, +but in a function directly or indirectly called by the main function). +In the case of a yield, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> also returns <b>true</b>, +plus any values passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>. +The next time you resume the same coroutine, +it continues its execution from the point where it yielded, +with the call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a> returning any extra +arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>. + + +<p> +Like <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>, +the <a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> function also creates a coroutine, +but instead of returning the coroutine itself, +it returns a function that, when called, resumes the coroutine. +Any arguments passed to this function +go as extra arguments to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>. +<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> returns all the values returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>, +except the first one (the boolean error code). +Unlike <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>, +<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> does not catch errors; +any error is propagated to the caller. + + +<p> +As an example, +consider the following code: + +<pre> + function foo (a) + print("foo", a) + return coroutine.yield(2*a) + end + + co = coroutine.create(function (a,b) + print("co-body", a, b) + local r = foo(a+1) + print("co-body", r) + local r, s = coroutine.yield(a+b, a-b) + print("co-body", r, s) + return b, "end" + end) + + print("main", coroutine.resume(co, 1, 10)) + print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "r")) + print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y")) + print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y")) +</pre><p> +When you run it, it produces the following output: + +<pre> + co-body 1 10 + foo 2 + + main true 4 + co-body r + main true 11 -9 + co-body x y + main true 10 end + main false cannot resume dead coroutine +</pre> + + + + +<h1>3 - <a name="3">The Application Program Interface</a></h1> + +<p> + +This section describes the C API for Lua, that is, +the set of C functions available to the host program to communicate +with Lua. +All API functions and related types and constants +are declared in the header file <a name="pdf-lua.h"><code>lua.h</code></a>. + + +<p> +Even when we use the term "function", +any facility in the API may be provided as a macro instead. +All such macros use each of their arguments exactly once +(except for the first argument, which is always a Lua state), +and so do not generate any hidden side-effects. + + +<p> +As in most C libraries, +the Lua API functions do not check their arguments for validity or consistency. +However, you can change this behavior by compiling Lua +with a proper definition for the macro <a name="pdf-luai_apicheck"><code>luai_apicheck</code></a>, +in file <code>luaconf.h</code>. + + + +<h2>3.1 - <a name="3.1">The Stack</a></h2> + +<p> +Lua uses a <em>virtual stack</em> to pass values to and from C. +Each element in this stack represents a Lua value +(<b>nil</b>, number, string, etc.). + + +<p> +Whenever Lua calls C, the called function gets a new stack, +which is independent of previous stacks and of stacks of +C functions that are still active. +This stack initially contains any arguments to the C function +and it is where the C function pushes its results +to be returned to the caller (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>). + + +<p> +For convenience, +most query operations in the API do not follow a strict stack discipline. +Instead, they can refer to any element in the stack +by using an <em>index</em>: +A positive index represents an <em>absolute</em> stack position +(starting at 1); +a negative index represents an <em>offset</em> relative to the top of the stack. +More specifically, if the stack has <em>n</em> elements, +then index 1 represents the first element +(that is, the element that was pushed onto the stack first) +and +index <em>n</em> represents the last element; +index -1 also represents the last element +(that is, the element at the top) +and index <em>-n</em> represents the first element. +We say that an index is <em>valid</em> +if it lies between 1 and the stack top +(that is, if <code>1 ≤ abs(index) ≤ top</code>). + + + + + + +<h2>3.2 - <a name="3.2">Stack Size</a></h2> + +<p> +When you interact with Lua API, +you are responsible for ensuring consistency. +In particular, +<em>you are responsible for controlling stack overflow</em>. +You can use the function <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a> +to grow the stack size. + + +<p> +Whenever Lua calls C, +it ensures that at least <a name="pdf-LUA_MINSTACK"><code>LUA_MINSTACK</code></a> stack positions are available. +<code>LUA_MINSTACK</code> is defined as 20, +so that usually you do not have to worry about stack space +unless your code has loops pushing elements onto the stack. + + +<p> +Most query functions accept as indices any value inside the +available stack space, that is, indices up to the maximum stack size +you have set through <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>. +Such indices are called <em>acceptable indices</em>. +More formally, we define an <em>acceptable index</em> +as follows: + +<pre> + (index < 0 && abs(index) <= top) || + (index > 0 && index <= stackspace) +</pre><p> +Note that 0 is never an acceptable index. + + + + + +<h2>3.3 - <a name="3.3">Pseudo-Indices</a></h2> + +<p> +Unless otherwise noted, +any function that accepts valid indices can also be called with +<em>pseudo-indices</em>, +which represent some Lua values that are accessible to C code +but which are not in the stack. +Pseudo-indices are used to access the thread environment, +the function environment, +the registry, +and the upvalues of a C function (see <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>). + + +<p> +The thread environment (where global variables live) is +always at pseudo-index <a name="pdf-LUA_GLOBALSINDEX"><code>LUA_GLOBALSINDEX</code></a>. +The environment of the running C function is always +at pseudo-index <a name="pdf-LUA_ENVIRONINDEX"><code>LUA_ENVIRONINDEX</code></a>. + + +<p> +To access and change the value of global variables, +you can use regular table operations over an environment table. +For instance, to access the value of a global variable, do + +<pre> + lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, varname); +</pre> + + + + +<h2>3.4 - <a name="3.4">C Closures</a></h2> + +<p> +When a C function is created, +it is possible to associate some values with it, +thus creating a <em>C closure</em>; +these values are called <em>upvalues</em> and are +accessible to the function whenever it is called +(see <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>). + + +<p> +Whenever a C function is called, +its upvalues are located at specific pseudo-indices. +These pseudo-indices are produced by the macro +<a name="lua_upvalueindex"><code>lua_upvalueindex</code></a>. +The first value associated with a function is at position +<code>lua_upvalueindex(1)</code>, and so on. +Any access to <code>lua_upvalueindex(<em>n</em>)</code>, +where <em>n</em> is greater than the number of upvalues of the +current function (but not greater than 256), +produces an acceptable (but invalid) index. + + + + + +<h2>3.5 - <a name="3.5">Registry</a></h2> + +<p> +Lua provides a <em>registry</em>, +a pre-defined table that can be used by any C code to +store whatever Lua value it needs to store. +This table is always located at pseudo-index +<a name="pdf-LUA_REGISTRYINDEX"><code>LUA_REGISTRYINDEX</code></a>. +Any C library can store data into this table, +but it should take care to choose keys different from those used +by other libraries, to avoid collisions. +Typically, you should use as key a string containing your library name +or a light userdata with the address of a C object in your code. + + +<p> +The integer keys in the registry are used by the reference mechanism, +implemented by the auxiliary library, +and therefore should not be used for other purposes. + + + + + +<h2>3.6 - <a name="3.6">Error Handling in C</a></h2> + +<p> +Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to handle errors. +(You can also choose to use exceptions if you use C++; +see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.) +When Lua faces any error +(such as memory allocation errors, type errors, syntax errors, +and runtime errors) +it <em>raises</em> an error; +that is, it does a long jump. +A <em>protected environment</em> uses <code>setjmp</code> +to set a recover point; +any error jumps to the most recent active recover point. + + +<p> +Most functions in the API can throw an error, +for instance due to a memory allocation error. +The documentation for each function indicates whether +it can throw errors. + + +<p> +Inside a C function you can throw an error by calling <a href="#lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a>. + + + + + +<h2>3.7 - <a name="3.7">Functions and Types</a></h2> + +<p> +Here we list all functions and types from the C API in +alphabetical order. +Each function has an indicator like this: +<span class="apii">[-o, +p, <em>x</em>]</span> + + +<p> +The first field, <code>o</code>, +is how many elements the function pops from the stack. +The second field, <code>p</code>, +is how many elements the function pushes onto the stack. +(Any function always pushes its results after popping its arguments.) +A field in the form <code>x|y</code> means the function can push (or pop) +<code>x</code> or <code>y</code> elements, +depending on the situation; +an interrogation mark '<code>?</code>' means that +we cannot know how many elements the function pops/pushes +by looking only at its arguments +(e.g., they may depend on what is on the stack). +The third field, <code>x</code>, +tells whether the function may throw errors: +'<code>-</code>' means the function never throws any error; +'<code>m</code>' means the function may throw an error +only due to not enough memory; +'<code>e</code>' means the function may throw other kinds of errors; +'<code>v</code>' means the function may throw an error on purpose. + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, + void *ptr, + size_t osize, + size_t nsize);</pre> + +<p> +The type of the memory-allocation function used by Lua states. +The allocator function must provide a +functionality similar to <code>realloc</code>, +but not exactly the same. +Its arguments are +<code>ud</code>, an opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>; +<code>ptr</code>, a pointer to the block being allocated/reallocated/freed; +<code>osize</code>, the original size of the block; +<code>nsize</code>, the new size of the block. +<code>ptr</code> is <code>NULL</code> if and only if <code>osize</code> is zero. +When <code>nsize</code> is zero, the allocator must return <code>NULL</code>; +if <code>osize</code> is not zero, +it should free the block pointed to by <code>ptr</code>. +When <code>nsize</code> is not zero, the allocator returns <code>NULL</code> +if and only if it cannot fill the request. +When <code>nsize</code> is not zero and <code>osize</code> is zero, +the allocator should behave like <code>malloc</code>. +When <code>nsize</code> and <code>osize</code> are not zero, +the allocator behaves like <code>realloc</code>. +Lua assumes that the allocator never fails when +<code>osize >= nsize</code>. + + +<p> +Here is a simple implementation for the allocator function. +It is used in the auxiliary library by <a href="#luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a>. + +<pre> + static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, + size_t nsize) { + (void)ud; (void)osize; /* not used */ + if (nsize == 0) { + free(ptr); + return NULL; + } + else + return realloc(ptr, nsize); + } +</pre><p> +This code assumes +that <code>free(NULL)</code> has no effect and that +<code>realloc(NULL, size)</code> is equivalent to <code>malloc(size)</code>. +ANSI C ensures both behaviors. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);</pre> + +<p> +Sets a new panic function and returns the old one. + + +<p> +If an error happens outside any protected environment, +Lua calls a <em>panic function</em> +and then calls <code>exit(EXIT_FAILURE)</code>, +thus exiting the host application. +Your panic function can avoid this exit by +never returning (e.g., doing a long jump). + + +<p> +The panic function can access the error message at the top of the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +nresults, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);</pre> + +<p> +Calls a function. + + +<p> +To call a function you must use the following protocol: +first, the function to be called is pushed onto the stack; +then, the arguments to the function are pushed +in direct order; +that is, the first argument is pushed first. +Finally you call <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>; +<code>nargs</code> is the number of arguments that you pushed onto the stack. +All arguments and the function value are popped from the stack +when the function is called. +The function results are pushed onto the stack when the function returns. +The number of results is adjusted to <code>nresults</code>, +unless <code>nresults</code> is <a name="pdf-LUA_MULTRET"><code>LUA_MULTRET</code></a>. +In this case, <em>all</em> results from the function are pushed. +Lua takes care that the returned values fit into the stack space. +The function results are pushed onto the stack in direct order +(the first result is pushed first), +so that after the call the last result is on the top of the stack. + + +<p> +Any error inside the called function is propagated upwards +(with a <code>longjmp</code>). + + +<p> +The following example shows how the host program can do the +equivalent to this Lua code: + +<pre> + a = f("how", t.x, 14) +</pre><p> +Here it is in C: + +<pre> + lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "f"); /* function to be called */ + lua_pushstring(L, "how"); /* 1st argument */ + lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "t"); /* table to be indexed */ + lua_getfield(L, -1, "x"); /* push result of t.x (2nd arg) */ + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove 't' from the stack */ + lua_pushinteger(L, 14); /* 3rd argument */ + lua_call(L, 3, 1); /* call 'f' with 3 arguments and 1 result */ + lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "a"); /* set global 'a' */ +</pre><p> +Note that the code above is "balanced": +at its end, the stack is back to its original configuration. +This is considered good programming practice. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Type for C functions. + + +<p> +In order to communicate properly with Lua, +a C function must use the following protocol, +which defines the way parameters and results are passed: +a C function receives its arguments from Lua in its stack +in direct order (the first argument is pushed first). +So, when the function starts, +<code>lua_gettop(L)</code> returns the number of arguments received by the function. +The first argument (if any) is at index 1 +and its last argument is at index <code>lua_gettop(L)</code>. +To return values to Lua, a C function just pushes them onto the stack, +in direct order (the first result is pushed first), +and returns the number of results. +Any other value in the stack below the results will be properly +discarded by Lua. +Like a Lua function, a C function called by Lua can also return +many results. + + +<p> +As an example, the following function receives a variable number +of numerical arguments and returns their average and sum: + +<pre> + static int foo (lua_State *L) { + int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */ + lua_Number sum = 0; + int i; + for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { + if (!lua_isnumber(L, i)) { + lua_pushstring(L, "incorrect argument"); + lua_error(L); + } + sum += lua_tonumber(L, i); + } + lua_pushnumber(L, sum/n); /* first result */ + lua_pushnumber(L, sum); /* second result */ + return 2; /* number of results */ + } +</pre> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int extra);</pre> + +<p> +Ensures that there are at least <code>extra</code> free stack slots in the stack. +It returns false if it cannot grow the stack to that size. +This function never shrinks the stack; +if the stack is already larger than the new size, +it is left unchanged. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_close (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Destroys all objects in the given Lua state +(calling the corresponding garbage-collection metamethods, if any) +and frees all dynamic memory used by this state. +On several platforms, you may not need to call this function, +because all resources are naturally released when the host program ends. +On the other hand, long-running programs, +such as a daemon or a web server, +might need to release states as soon as they are not needed, +to avoid growing too large. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_concat"><code>lua_concat</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Concatenates the <code>n</code> values at the top of the stack, +pops them, and leaves the result at the top. +If <code>n</code> is 1, the result is the single value on the stack +(that is, the function does nothing); +if <code>n</code> is 0, the result is the empty string. +Concatenation is performed following the usual semantics of Lua +(see <a href="#2.5.4">§2.5.4</a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_cpcall"><code>lua_cpcall</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_cpcall (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud);</pre> + +<p> +Calls the C function <code>func</code> in protected mode. +<code>func</code> starts with only one element in its stack, +a light userdata containing <code>ud</code>. +In case of errors, +<a href="#lua_cpcall"><code>lua_cpcall</code></a> returns the same error codes as <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>, +plus the error object on the top of the stack; +otherwise, it returns zero, and does not change the stack. +All values returned by <code>func</code> are discarded. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_createtable"><code>lua_createtable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);</pre> + +<p> +Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack. +The new table has space pre-allocated +for <code>narr</code> array elements and <code>nrec</code> non-array elements. +This pre-allocation is useful when you know exactly how many elements +the table will have. +Otherwise you can use the function <a href="#lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);</pre> + +<p> +Dumps a function as a binary chunk. +Receives a Lua function on the top of the stack +and produces a binary chunk that, +if loaded again, +results in a function equivalent to the one dumped. +As it produces parts of the chunk, +<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls function <code>writer</code> (see <a href="#lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a>) +with the given <code>data</code> +to write them. + + +<p> +The value returned is the error code returned by the last +call to the writer; +0 means no errors. + + +<p> +This function does not pop the Lua function from the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_equal"><code>lua_equal</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_equal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the two values in acceptable indices <code>index1</code> and +<code>index2</code> are equal, +following the semantics of the Lua <code>==</code> operator +(that is, may call metamethods). +Otherwise returns 0. +Also returns 0 if any of the indices is non valid. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_error (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Generates a Lua error. +The error message (which can actually be a Lua value of any type) +must be on the stack top. +This function does a long jump, +and therefore never returns. +(see <a href="#luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data);</pre> + +<p> +Controls the garbage collector. + + +<p> +This function performs several tasks, +according to the value of the parameter <code>what</code>: + +<ul> + +<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTOP</code>:</b> +stops the garbage collector. +</li> + +<li><b><code>LUA_GCRESTART</code>:</b> +restarts the garbage collector. +</li> + +<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOLLECT</code>:</b> +performs a full garbage-collection cycle. +</li> + +<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNT</code>:</b> +returns the current amount of memory (in Kbytes) in use by Lua. +</li> + +<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNTB</code>:</b> +returns the remainder of dividing the current amount of bytes of +memory in use by Lua by 1024. +</li> + +<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTEP</code>:</b> +performs an incremental step of garbage collection. +The step "size" is controlled by <code>data</code> +(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way. +If you want to control the step size +you must experimentally tune the value of <code>data</code>. +The function returns 1 if the step finished a +garbage-collection cycle. +</li> + +<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETPAUSE</code>:</b> +sets <code>data</code> as the new value +for the <em>pause</em> of the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>). +The function returns the previous value of the pause. +</li> + +<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL</code>:</b> +sets <code>data</code> as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of +the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>). +The function returns the previous value of the step multiplier. +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getallocf"><code>lua_getallocf</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the memory-allocation function of a given state. +If <code>ud</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, Lua stores in <code>*ud</code> the +opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfenv"><code>lua_getfenv</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_getfenv (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack the environment table of +the value at the given index. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfield"><code>lua_getfield</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>, +where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index. +As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod +for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getglobal"><code>lua_getglobal</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack the value of the global <code>name</code>. +It is defined as a macro: + +<pre> + #define lua_getglobal(L,s) lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, s) +</pre> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getmetatable"><code>lua_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack the metatable of the value at the given +acceptable index. +If the index is not valid, +or if the value does not have a metatable, +the function returns 0 and pushes nothing on the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>, +where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index +and <code>k</code> is the value at the top of the stack. + + +<p> +This function pops the key from the stack +(putting the resulting value in its place). +As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod +for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettop"><code>lua_gettop</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_gettop (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the index of the top element in the stack. +Because indices start at 1, +this result is equal to the number of elements in the stack +(and so 0 means an empty stack). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_insert"><code>lua_insert</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Moves the top element into the given valid index, +shifting up the elements above this index to open space. +Cannot be called with a pseudo-index, +because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef ptrdiff_t lua_Integer;</pre> + +<p> +The type used by the Lua API to represent integral values. + + +<p> +By default it is a <code>ptrdiff_t</code>, +which is usually the largest signed integral type the machine handles +"comfortably". + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index has type boolean, +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_iscfunction"><code>lua_iscfunction</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a C function, +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isfunction"><code>lua_isfunction</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a function +(either C or Lua), and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_islightuserdata"><code>lua_islightuserdata</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_islightuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a light userdata, +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnil"><code>lua_isnil</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isnil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is <b>nil</b>, +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnone"><code>lua_isnone</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isnone (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the given acceptable index is not valid +(that is, it refers to an element outside the current stack), +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnoneornil"><code>lua_isnoneornil</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isnoneornil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the given acceptable index is not valid +(that is, it refers to an element outside the current stack) +or if the value at this index is <b>nil</b>, +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnumber"><code>lua_isnumber</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a number +or a string convertible to a number, +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isstring"><code>lua_isstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a string +or a number (which is always convertible to a string), +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_istable"><code>lua_istable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_istable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a table, +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isthread"><code>lua_isthread</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isthread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a thread, +and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_isuserdata"><code>lua_isuserdata</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a userdata +(either full or light), and 0 otherwise. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_lessthan"><code>lua_lessthan</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_lessthan (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the value at acceptable index <code>index1</code> is smaller +than the value at acceptable index <code>index2</code>, +following the semantics of the Lua <code><</code> operator +(that is, may call metamethods). +Otherwise returns 0. +Also returns 0 if any of the indices is non valid. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_load (lua_State *L, + lua_Reader reader, + void *data, + const char *chunkname);</pre> + +<p> +Loads a Lua chunk. +If there are no errors, +<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> pushes the compiled chunk as a Lua +function on top of the stack. +Otherwise, it pushes an error message. +The return values of <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> are: + +<ul> + +<li><b>0:</b> no errors;</li> + +<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRSYNTAX"><code>LUA_ERRSYNTAX</code></a>:</b> +syntax error during pre-compilation;</li> + +<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>:</b> +memory allocation error.</li> + +</ul> + +<p> +This function only loads a chunk; +it does not run it. + + +<p> +<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> automatically detects whether the chunk is text or binary, +and loads it accordingly (see program <code>luac</code>). + + +<p> +The <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> function uses a user-supplied <code>reader</code> function +to read the chunk (see <a href="#lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a>). +The <code>data</code> argument is an opaque value passed to the reader function. + + +<p> +The <code>chunkname</code> argument gives a name to the chunk, +which is used for error messages and in debug information (see <a href="#3.8">§3.8</a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre> + +<p> +Creates a new, independent state. +Returns <code>NULL</code> if cannot create the state +(due to lack of memory). +The argument <code>f</code> is the allocator function; +Lua does all memory allocation for this state through this function. +The second argument, <code>ud</code>, is an opaque pointer that Lua +simply passes to the allocator in every call. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_newtable (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack. +It is equivalent to <code>lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Creates a new thread, pushes it on the stack, +and returns a pointer to a <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a> that represents this new thread. +The new state returned by this function shares with the original state +all global objects (such as tables), +but has an independent execution stack. + + +<p> +There is no explicit function to close or to destroy a thread. +Threads are subject to garbage collection, +like any Lua object. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_newuserdata"><code>lua_newuserdata</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size);</pre> + +<p> +This function allocates a new block of memory with the given size, +pushes onto the stack a new full userdata with the block address, +and returns this address. + + +<p> +Userdata represent C values in Lua. +A <em>full userdata</em> represents a block of memory. +It is an object (like a table): +you must create it, it can have its own metatable, +and you can detect when it is being collected. +A full userdata is only equal to itself (under raw equality). + + +<p> +When Lua collects a full userdata with a <code>gc</code> metamethod, +Lua calls the metamethod and marks the userdata as finalized. +When this userdata is collected again then +Lua frees its corresponding memory. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +(2|0), <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_next (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Pops a key from the stack, +and pushes a key-value pair from the table at the given index +(the "next" pair after the given key). +If there are no more elements in the table, +then <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a> returns 0 (and pushes nothing). + + +<p> +A typical traversal looks like this: + +<pre> + /* table is in the stack at index 't' */ + lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */ + while (lua_next(L, t) != 0) { + /* uses 'key' (at index -2) and 'value' (at index -1) */ + printf("%s - %s\n", + lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -2)), + lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -1))); + /* removes 'value'; keeps 'key' for next iteration */ + lua_pop(L, 1); + } +</pre> + +<p> +While traversing a table, +do not call <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> directly on a key, +unless you know that the key is actually a string. +Recall that <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> <em>changes</em> +the value at the given index; +this confuses the next call to <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef double lua_Number;</pre> + +<p> +The type of numbers in Lua. +By default, it is double, but that can be changed in <code>luaconf.h</code>. + + +<p> +Through the configuration file you can change +Lua to operate with another type for numbers (e.g., float or long). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_objlen"><code>lua_objlen</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>size_t lua_objlen (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the "length" of the value at the given acceptable index: +for strings, this is the string length; +for tables, this is the result of the length operator ('<code>#</code>'); +for userdata, this is the size of the block of memory allocated +for the userdata; +for other values, it is 0. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +(nresults|1), <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc);</pre> + +<p> +Calls a function in protected mode. + + +<p> +Both <code>nargs</code> and <code>nresults</code> have the same meaning as +in <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>. +If there are no errors during the call, +<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>. +However, if there is any error, +<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> catches it, +pushes a single value on the stack (the error message), +and returns an error code. +Like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>, +<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> always removes the function +and its arguments from the stack. + + +<p> +If <code>errfunc</code> is 0, +then the error message returned on the stack +is exactly the original error message. +Otherwise, <code>errfunc</code> is the stack index of an +<em>error handler function</em>. +(In the current implementation, this index cannot be a pseudo-index.) +In case of runtime errors, +this function will be called with the error message +and its return value will be the message returned on the stack by <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>. + + +<p> +Typically, the error handler function is used to add more debug +information to the error message, such as a stack traceback. +Such information cannot be gathered after the return of <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>, +since by then the stack has unwound. + + +<p> +The <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> function returns 0 in case of success +or one of the following error codes +(defined in <code>lua.h</code>): + +<ul> + +<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRRUN"><code>LUA_ERRRUN</code></a>:</b> +a runtime error. +</li> + +<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>:</b> +memory allocation error. +For such errors, Lua does not call the error handler function. +</li> + +<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRERR"><code>LUA_ERRERR</code></a>:</b> +error while running the error handler function. +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pop"><code>lua_pop</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-n, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pop (lua_State *L, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Pops <code>n</code> elements from the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushboolean"><code>lua_pushboolean</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes a boolean value with value <code>b</code> onto the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes a new C closure onto the stack. + + +<p> +When a C function is created, +it is possible to associate some values with it, +thus creating a C closure (see <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>); +these values are then accessible to the function whenever it is called. +To associate values with a C function, +first these values should be pushed onto the stack +(when there are multiple values, the first value is pushed first). +Then <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a> +is called to create and push the C function onto the stack, +with the argument <code>n</code> telling how many values should be +associated with the function. +<a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a> also pops these values from the stack. + + +<p> +The maximum value for <code>n</code> is 255. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcfunction"><code>lua_pushcfunction</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushcfunction (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction f);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes a C function onto the stack. +This function receives a pointer to a C function +and pushes onto the stack a Lua value of type <code>function</code> that, +when called, invokes the corresponding C function. + + +<p> +Any function to be registered in Lua must +follow the correct protocol to receive its parameters +and return its results (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>). + + +<p> +<code>lua_pushcfunction</code> is defined as a macro: + +<pre> + #define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L,f,0) +</pre> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack a formatted string +and returns a pointer to this string. +It is similar to the C function <code>sprintf</code>, +but has some important differences: + +<ul> + +<li> +You do not have to allocate space for the result: +the result is a Lua string and Lua takes care of memory allocation +(and deallocation, through garbage collection). +</li> + +<li> +The conversion specifiers are quite restricted. +There are no flags, widths, or precisions. +The conversion specifiers can only be +'<code>%%</code>' (inserts a '<code>%</code>' in the string), +'<code>%s</code>' (inserts a zero-terminated string, with no size restrictions), +'<code>%f</code>' (inserts a <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>), +'<code>%p</code>' (inserts a pointer as a hexadecimal numeral), +'<code>%d</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code>), and +'<code>%c</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code> as a character). +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushinteger"><code>lua_pushinteger</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlightuserdata"><code>lua_pushlightuserdata</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes a light userdata onto the stack. + + +<p> +Userdata represent C values in Lua. +A <em>light userdata</em> represents a pointer. +It is a value (like a number): +you do not create it, it has no individual metatable, +and it is not collected (as it was never created). +A light userdata is equal to "any" +light userdata with the same C address. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushliteral"><code>lua_pushliteral</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushliteral (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre> + +<p> +This macro is equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a>, +but can be used only when <code>s</code> is a literal string. +In these cases, it automatically provides the string length. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with size <code>len</code> +onto the stack. +Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string, +so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after +the function returns. +The string can contain embedded zeros. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnil"><code>lua_pushnil</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes a nil value onto the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnumber"><code>lua_pushnumber</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushstring"><code>lua_pushstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code> +onto the stack. +Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string, +so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after +the function returns. +The string cannot contain embedded zeros; +it is assumed to end at the first zero. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushthread"><code>lua_pushthread</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes the thread represented by <code>L</code> onto the stack. +Returns 1 if this thread is the main thread of its state. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvalue"><code>lua_pushvalue</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes a copy of the element at the given valid index +onto the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvfstring"><code>lua_pushvfstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, + const char *fmt, + va_list argp);</pre> + +<p> +Equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>, except that it receives a <code>va_list</code> +instead of a variable number of arguments. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawequal"><code>lua_rawequal</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre> + +<p> +Returns 1 if the two values in acceptable indices <code>index1</code> and +<code>index2</code> are primitively equal +(that is, without calling metamethods). +Otherwise returns 0. +Also returns 0 if any of the indices are non valid. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawget"><code>lua_rawget</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Similar to <a href="#lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a>, but does a raw access +(i.e., without metamethods). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgeti"><code>lua_rawgeti</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[n]</code>, +where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index. +The access is raw; +that is, it does not invoke metamethods. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawset"><code>lua_rawset</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Similar to <a href="#lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a>, but does a raw assignment +(i.e., without metamethods). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawseti"><code>lua_rawseti</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Does the equivalent of <code>t[n] = v</code>, +where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index +and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack. + + +<p> +This function pops the value from the stack. +The assignment is raw; +that is, it does not invoke metamethods. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, + void *data, + size_t *size);</pre> + +<p> +The reader function used by <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>. +Every time it needs another piece of the chunk, +<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> calls the reader, +passing along its <code>data</code> parameter. +The reader must return a pointer to a block of memory +with a new piece of the chunk +and set <code>size</code> to the block size. +The block must exist until the reader function is called again. +To signal the end of the chunk, +the reader must return <code>NULL</code> or set <code>size</code> to zero. +The reader function may return pieces of any size greater than zero. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_register"><code>lua_register</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_register (lua_State *L, + const char *name, + lua_CFunction f);</pre> + +<p> +Sets the C function <code>f</code> as the new value of global <code>name</code>. +It is defined as a macro: + +<pre> + #define lua_register(L,n,f) \ + (lua_pushcfunction(L, f), lua_setglobal(L, n)) +</pre> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_remove"><code>lua_remove</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Removes the element at the given valid index, +shifting down the elements above this index to fill the gap. +Cannot be called with a pseudo-index, +because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_replace"><code>lua_replace</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Moves the top element into the given position (and pops it), +without shifting any element +(therefore replacing the value at the given position). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_resume (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre> + +<p> +Starts and resumes a coroutine in a given thread. + + +<p> +To start a coroutine, you first create a new thread +(see <a href="#lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a>); +then you push onto its stack the main function plus any arguments; +then you call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>, +with <code>narg</code> being the number of arguments. +This call returns when the coroutine suspends or finishes its execution. +When it returns, the stack contains all values passed to <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>, +or all values returned by the body function. +<a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> returns +<a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the coroutine yields, +0 if the coroutine finishes its execution +without errors, +or an error code in case of errors (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>). +In case of errors, +the stack is not unwound, +so you can use the debug API over it. +The error message is on the top of the stack. +To restart a coroutine, you put on its stack only the values to +be passed as results from <code>yield</code>, +and then call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_setallocf"><code>lua_setallocf</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre> + +<p> +Changes the allocator function of a given state to <code>f</code> +with user data <code>ud</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfenv"><code>lua_setfenv</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_setfenv (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Pops a table from the stack and sets it as +the new environment for the value at the given index. +If the value at the given index is +neither a function nor a thread nor a userdata, +<a href="#lua_setfenv"><code>lua_setfenv</code></a> returns 0. +Otherwise it returns 1. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfield"><code>lua_setfield</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre> + +<p> +Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>, +where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index +and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack. + + +<p> +This function pops the value from the stack. +As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod +for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_setglobal"><code>lua_setglobal</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre> + +<p> +Pops a value from the stack and +sets it as the new value of global <code>name</code>. +It is defined as a macro: + +<pre> + #define lua_setglobal(L,s) lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, s) +</pre> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_setmetatable"><code>lua_setmetatable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Pops a table from the stack and +sets it as the new metatable for the value at the given +acceptable index. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>, +where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index, +<code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack, +and <code>k</code> is the value just below the top. + + +<p> +This function pops both the key and the value from the stack. +As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod +for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Accepts any acceptable index, or 0, +and sets the stack top to this index. +If the new top is larger than the old one, +then the new elements are filled with <b>nil</b>. +If <code>index</code> is 0, then all stack elements are removed. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef struct lua_State lua_State;</pre> + +<p> +Opaque structure that keeps the whole state of a Lua interpreter. +The Lua library is fully reentrant: +it has no global variables. +All information about a state is kept in this structure. + + +<p> +A pointer to this state must be passed as the first argument to +every function in the library, except to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>, +which creates a Lua state from scratch. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_status"><code>lua_status</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_status (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the status of the thread <code>L</code>. + + +<p> +The status can be 0 for a normal thread, +an error code if the thread finished its execution with an error, +or <a name="pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the thread is suspended. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index to a C boolean +value (0 or 1). +Like all tests in Lua, +<a href="#lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a> returns 1 for any Lua value +different from <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b>; +otherwise it returns 0. +It also returns 0 when called with a non-valid index. +(If you want to accept only actual boolean values, +use <a href="#lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a> to test the value's type.) + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_tocfunction"><code>lua_tocfunction</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Converts a value at the given acceptable index to a C function. +That value must be a C function; +otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index +to the signed integral type <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>. +The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number +(see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>); +otherwise, <a href="#lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a> returns 0. + + +<p> +If the number is not an integer, +it is truncated in some non-specified way. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int index, size_t *len);</pre> + +<p> +Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index to a C string. +If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, +it also sets <code>*len</code> with the string length. +The Lua value must be a string or a number; +otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>. +If the value is a number, +then <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> also +<em>changes the actual value in the stack to a string</em>. +(This change confuses <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a> +when <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> is applied to keys during a table traversal.) + + +<p> +<a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> returns a fully aligned pointer +to a string inside the Lua state. +This string always has a zero ('<code>\0</code>') +after its last character (as in C), +but can contain other zeros in its body. +Because Lua has garbage collection, +there is no guarantee that the pointer returned by <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> +will be valid after the corresponding value is removed from the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index +to the C type <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a> (see <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>). +The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number +(see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>); +otherwise, <a href="#lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a> returns 0. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Converts the value at the given acceptable index to a generic +C pointer (<code>void*</code>). +The value can be a userdata, a table, a thread, or a function; +otherwise, <a href="#lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a> returns <code>NULL</code>. +Different objects will give different pointers. +There is no way to convert the pointer back to its original value. + + +<p> +Typically this function is used only for debug information. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_tostring"><code>lua_tostring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> with <code>len</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_tothread"><code>lua_tothread</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Converts the value at the given acceptable index to a Lua thread +(represented as <code>lua_State*</code>). +This value must be a thread; +otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +If the value at the given acceptable index is a full userdata, +returns its block address. +If the value is a light userdata, +returns its pointer. +Otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_type (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the type of the value in the given acceptable index, +or <code>LUA_TNONE</code> for a non-valid index +(that is, an index to an "empty" stack position). +The types returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> are coded by the following constants +defined in <code>lua.h</code>: +<code>LUA_TNIL</code>, +<code>LUA_TNUMBER</code>, +<code>LUA_TBOOLEAN</code>, +<code>LUA_TSTRING</code>, +<code>LUA_TTABLE</code>, +<code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code>, +<code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code>, +<code>LUA_TTHREAD</code>, +and +<code>LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_typename"><code>lua_typename</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int tp);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the name of the type encoded by the value <code>tp</code>, +which must be one the values returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, + const void* p, + size_t sz, + void* ud);</pre> + +<p> +The type of the writer function used by <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>. +Every time it produces another piece of chunk, +<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls the writer, +passing along the buffer to be written (<code>p</code>), +its size (<code>sz</code>), +and the <code>data</code> parameter supplied to <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>. + + +<p> +The writer returns an error code: +0 means no errors; +any other value means an error and stops <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> from +calling the writer again. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_xmove"><code>lua_xmove</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Exchange values between different threads of the <em>same</em> global state. + + +<p> +This function pops <code>n</code> values from the stack <code>from</code>, +and pushes them onto the stack <code>to</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults);</pre> + +<p> +Yields a coroutine. + + +<p> +This function should only be called as the +return expression of a C function, as follows: + +<pre> + return lua_yield (L, nresults); +</pre><p> +When a C function calls <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a> in that way, +the running coroutine suspends its execution, +and the call to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> that started this coroutine returns. +The parameter <code>nresults</code> is the number of values from the stack +that are passed as results to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>. + + + + + + + +<h2>3.8 - <a name="3.8">The Debug Interface</a></h2> + +<p> +Lua has no built-in debugging facilities. +Instead, it offers a special interface +by means of functions and <em>hooks</em>. +This interface allows the construction of different +kinds of debuggers, profilers, and other tools +that need "inside information" from the interpreter. + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef struct lua_Debug { + int event; + const char *name; /* (n) */ + const char *namewhat; /* (n) */ + const char *what; /* (S) */ + const char *source; /* (S) */ + int currentline; /* (l) */ + int nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */ + int linedefined; /* (S) */ + int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */ + char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */ + /* private part */ + <em>other fields</em> +} lua_Debug;</pre> + +<p> +A structure used to carry different pieces of +information about an active function. +<a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> fills only the private part +of this structure, for later use. +To fill the other fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> with useful information, +call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>. + + +<p> +The fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> have the following meaning: + +<ul> + +<li><b><code>source</code>:</b> +If the function was defined in a string, +then <code>source</code> is that string. +If the function was defined in a file, +then <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>@</code>' followed by the file name. +</li> + +<li><b><code>short_src</code>:</b> +a "printable" version of <code>source</code>, to be used in error messages. +</li> + +<li><b><code>linedefined</code>:</b> +the line number where the definition of the function starts. +</li> + +<li><b><code>lastlinedefined</code>:</b> +the line number where the definition of the function ends. +</li> + +<li><b><code>what</code>:</b> +the string <code>"Lua"</code> if the function is a Lua function, +<code>"C"</code> if it is a C function, +<code>"main"</code> if it is the main part of a chunk, +and <code>"tail"</code> if it was a function that did a tail call. +In the latter case, +Lua has no other information about the function. +</li> + +<li><b><code>currentline</code>:</b> +the current line where the given function is executing. +When no line information is available, +<code>currentline</code> is set to -1. +</li> + +<li><b><code>name</code>:</b> +a reasonable name for the given function. +Because functions in Lua are first-class values, +they do not have a fixed name: +some functions can be the value of multiple global variables, +while others can be stored only in a table field. +The <code>lua_getinfo</code> function checks how the function was +called to find a suitable name. +If it cannot find a name, +then <code>name</code> is set to <code>NULL</code>. +</li> + +<li><b><code>namewhat</code>:</b> +explains the <code>name</code> field. +The value of <code>namewhat</code> can be +<code>"global"</code>, <code>"local"</code>, <code>"method"</code>, +<code>"field"</code>, <code>"upvalue"</code>, or <code>""</code> (the empty string), +according to how the function was called. +(Lua uses the empty string when no other option seems to apply.) +</li> + +<li><b><code>nups</code>:</b> +the number of upvalues of the function. +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethook"><code>lua_gethook</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the current hook function. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookcount"><code>lua_gethookcount</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the current hook count. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookmask"><code>lua_gethookmask</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the current hook mask. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +(0|1|2), <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);</pre> + +<p> +Returns information about a specific function or function invocation. + + +<p> +To get information about a function invocation, +the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was +filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or +given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>). + + +<p> +To get information about a function you push it onto the stack +and start the <code>what</code> string with the character '<code>></code>'. +(In that case, +<code>lua_getinfo</code> pops the function in the top of the stack.) +For instance, to know in which line a function <code>f</code> was defined, +you can write the following code: + +<pre> + lua_Debug ar; + lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "f"); /* get global 'f' */ + lua_getinfo(L, ">S", &ar); + printf("%d\n", ar.linedefined); +</pre> + +<p> +Each character in the string <code>what</code> +selects some fields of the structure <code>ar</code> to be filled or +a value to be pushed on the stack: + +<ul> + +<li><b>'<code>n</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>name</code> and <code>namewhat</code>; +</li> + +<li><b>'<code>S</code>':</b> +fills in the fields <code>source</code>, <code>short_src</code>, +<code>linedefined</code>, <code>lastlinedefined</code>, and <code>what</code>; +</li> + +<li><b>'<code>l</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>currentline</code>; +</li> + +<li><b>'<code>u</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>nups</code>; +</li> + +<li><b>'<code>f</code>':</b> +pushes onto the stack the function that is +running at the given level; +</li> + +<li><b>'<code>L</code>':</b> +pushes onto the stack a table whose indices are the +numbers of the lines that are valid on the function. +(A <em>valid line</em> is a line with some associated code, +that is, a line where you can put a break point. +Non-valid lines include empty lines and comments.) +</li> + +</ul> + +<p> +This function returns 0 on error +(for instance, an invalid option in <code>what</code>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Gets information about a local variable of a given activation record. +The parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was +filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or +given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>). +The index <code>n</code> selects which local variable to inspect +(1 is the first parameter or active local variable, and so on, +until the last active local variable). +<a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a> pushes the variable's value onto the stack +and returns its name. + + +<p> +Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parentheses) +represent internal variables +(loop control variables, temporaries, and C function locals). + + +<p> +Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing) +when the index is greater than +the number of active local variables. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);</pre> + +<p> +Get information about the interpreter runtime stack. + + +<p> +This function fills parts of a <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> structure with +an identification of the <em>activation record</em> +of the function executing at a given level. +Level 0 is the current running function, +whereas level <em>n+1</em> is the function that has called level <em>n</em>. +When there are no errors, <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> returns 1; +when called with a level greater than the stack depth, +it returns 0. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Gets information about a closure's upvalue. +(For Lua functions, +upvalues are the external local variables that the function uses, +and that are consequently included in its closure.) +<a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a> gets the index <code>n</code> of an upvalue, +pushes the upvalue's value onto the stack, +and returns its name. +<code>funcindex</code> points to the closure in the stack. +(Upvalues have no particular order, +as they are active through the whole function. +So, they are numbered in an arbitrary order.) + + +<p> +Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing) +when the index is greater than the number of upvalues. +For C functions, this function uses the empty string <code>""</code> +as a name for all upvalues. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);</pre> + +<p> +Type for debugging hook functions. + + +<p> +Whenever a hook is called, its <code>ar</code> argument has its field +<code>event</code> set to the specific event that triggered the hook. +Lua identifies these events with the following constants: +<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKRET"><code>LUA_HOOKRET</code></a>, +<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKTAILRET"><code>LUA_HOOKTAILRET</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKLINE"><code>LUA_HOOKLINE</code></a>, +and <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCOUNT"><code>LUA_HOOKCOUNT</code></a>. +Moreover, for line events, the field <code>currentline</code> is also set. +To get the value of any other field in <code>ar</code>, +the hook must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>. +For return events, <code>event</code> can be <code>LUA_HOOKRET</code>, +the normal value, or <code>LUA_HOOKTAILRET</code>. +In the latter case, Lua is simulating a return from +a function that did a tail call; +in this case, it is useless to call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>. + + +<p> +While Lua is running a hook, it disables other calls to hooks. +Therefore, if a hook calls back Lua to execute a function or a chunk, +this execution occurs without any calls to hooks. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_sethook"><code>lua_sethook</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook f, int mask, int count);</pre> + +<p> +Sets the debugging hook function. + + +<p> +Argument <code>f</code> is the hook function. +<code>mask</code> specifies on which events the hook will be called: +it is formed by a bitwise or of the constants +<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCALL"><code>LUA_MASKCALL</code></a>, +<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKRET"><code>LUA_MASKRET</code></a>, +<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKLINE"><code>LUA_MASKLINE</code></a>, +and <a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCOUNT"><code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code></a>. +The <code>count</code> argument is only meaningful when the mask +includes <code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code>. +For each event, the hook is called as explained below: + +<ul> + +<li><b>The call hook:</b> is called when the interpreter calls a function. +The hook is called just after Lua enters the new function, +before the function gets its arguments. +</li> + +<li><b>The return hook:</b> is called when the interpreter returns from a function. +The hook is called just before Lua leaves the function. +You have no access to the values to be returned by the function. +</li> + +<li><b>The line hook:</b> is called when the interpreter is about to +start the execution of a new line of code, +or when it jumps back in the code (even to the same line). +(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.) +</li> + +<li><b>The count hook:</b> is called after the interpreter executes every +<code>count</code> instructions. +(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.) +</li> + +</ul> + +<p> +A hook is disabled by setting <code>mask</code> to zero. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Sets the value of a local variable of a given activation record. +Parameters <code>ar</code> and <code>n</code> are as in <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a> +(see <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>). +<a href="#lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a> assigns the value at the top of the stack +to the variable and returns its name. +It also pops the value from the stack. + + +<p> +Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing) +when the index is greater than +the number of active local variables. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="lua_setupvalue"><code>lua_setupvalue</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre> + +<p> +Sets the value of a closure's upvalue. +It assigns the value at the top of the stack +to the upvalue and returns its name. +It also pops the value from the stack. +Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in the <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a> +(see <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>). + + +<p> +Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing) +when the index is greater than the number of upvalues. + + + + + + + +<h1>4 - <a name="4">The Auxiliary Library</a></h1> + +<p> + +The <em>auxiliary library</em> provides several convenient functions +to interface C with Lua. +While the basic API provides the primitive functions for all +interactions between C and Lua, +the auxiliary library provides higher-level functions for some +common tasks. + + +<p> +All functions from the auxiliary library +are defined in header file <code>lauxlib.h</code> and +have a prefix <code>luaL_</code>. + + +<p> +All functions in the auxiliary library are built on +top of the basic API, +and so they provide nothing that cannot be done with this API. + + +<p> +Several functions in the auxiliary library are used to +check C function arguments. +Their names are always <code>luaL_check*</code> or <code>luaL_opt*</code>. +All of these functions throw an error if the check is not satisfied. +Because the error message is formatted for arguments +(e.g., "<code>bad argument #1</code>"), +you should not use these functions for other stack values. + + + +<h2>4.1 - <a name="4.1">Functions and Types</a></h2> + +<p> +Here we list all functions and types from the auxiliary library +in alphabetical order. + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addchar"><code>luaL_addchar</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_addchar (luaL_Buffer *B, char c);</pre> + +<p> +Adds the character <code>c</code> to the buffer <code>B</code> +(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addlstring"><code>luaL_addlstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);</pre> + +<p> +Adds the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with length <code>l</code> to +the buffer <code>B</code> +(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>). +The string may contain embedded zeros. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_addsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t n);</pre> + +<p> +Adds to the buffer <code>B</code> (see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>) +a string of length <code>n</code> previously copied to the +buffer area (see <a href="#luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addstring"><code>luaL_addstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);</pre> + +<p> +Adds the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code> +to the buffer <code>B</code> +(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>). +The string may not contain embedded zeros. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre> + +<p> +Adds the value at the top of the stack +to the buffer <code>B</code> +(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>). +Pops the value. + + +<p> +This is the only function on string buffers that can (and must) +be called with an extra element on the stack, +which is the value to be added to the buffer. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argcheck"><code>luaL_argcheck</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_argcheck (lua_State *L, + int cond, + int narg, + const char *extramsg);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether <code>cond</code> is true. +If not, raises an error with the following message, +where <code>func</code> is retrieved from the call stack: + +<pre> + bad argument #<narg> to <func> (<extramsg>) +</pre> + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argerror"><code>luaL_argerror</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *extramsg);</pre> + +<p> +Raises an error with the following message, +where <code>func</code> is retrieved from the call stack: + +<pre> + bad argument #<narg> to <func> (<extramsg>) +</pre> + +<p> +This function never returns, +but it is an idiom to use it in C functions +as <code>return luaL_argerror(<em>args</em>)</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;</pre> + +<p> +Type for a <em>string buffer</em>. + + +<p> +A string buffer allows C code to build Lua strings piecemeal. +Its pattern of use is as follows: + +<ul> + +<li>First you declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li> + +<li>Then you initialize it with a call <code>luaL_buffinit(L, &b)</code>.</li> + +<li> +Then you add string pieces to the buffer calling any of +the <code>luaL_add*</code> functions. +</li> + +<li> +You finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresult(&b)</code>. +This call leaves the final string on the top of the stack. +</li> + +</ul> + +<p> +During its normal operation, +a string buffer uses a variable number of stack slots. +So, while using a buffer, you cannot assume that you know where +the top of the stack is. +You can use the stack between successive calls to buffer operations +as long as that use is balanced; +that is, +when you call a buffer operation, +the stack is at the same level +it was immediately after the previous buffer operation. +(The only exception to this rule is <a href="#luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a>.) +After calling <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a> the stack is back to its +level when the buffer was initialized, +plus the final string on its top. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);</pre> + +<p> +Initializes a buffer <code>B</code>. +This function does not allocate any space; +the buffer must be declared as a variable +(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_callmeta"><code>luaL_callmeta</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>e</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre> + +<p> +Calls a metamethod. + + +<p> +If the object at index <code>obj</code> has a metatable and this +metatable has a field <code>e</code>, +this function calls this field and passes the object as its only argument. +In this case this function returns 1 and pushes onto the +stack the value returned by the call. +If there is no metatable or no metamethod, +this function returns 0 (without pushing any value on the stack). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkany"><code>luaL_checkany</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function has an argument +of any type (including <b>nil</b>) at position <code>narg</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkint"><code>luaL_checkint</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_checkint (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number +and returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkinteger"><code>luaL_checkinteger</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number +and returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklong"><code>luaL_checklong</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>long luaL_checklong (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number +and returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklstring"><code>luaL_checklstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *l);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string +and returns this string; +if <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code> fills <code>*l</code> +with the string's length. + + +<p> +This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result, +so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checknumber"><code>luaL_checknumber</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number +and returns this number. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkoption"><code>luaL_checkoption</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L, + int narg, + const char *def, + const char *const lst[]);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string and +searches for this string in the array <code>lst</code> +(which must be NULL-terminated). +Returns the index in the array where the string was found. +Raises an error if the argument is not a string or +if the string cannot be found. + + +<p> +If <code>def</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, +the function uses <code>def</code> as a default value when +there is no argument <code>narg</code> or if this argument is <b>nil</b>. + + +<p> +This is a useful function for mapping strings to C enums. +(The usual convention in Lua libraries is +to use strings instead of numbers to select options.) + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstack"><code>luaL_checkstack</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);</pre> + +<p> +Grows the stack size to <code>top + sz</code> elements, +raising an error if the stack cannot grow to that size. +<code>msg</code> is an additional text to go into the error message. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstring"><code>luaL_checkstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *luaL_checkstring (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string +and returns this string. + + +<p> +This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result, +so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checktype"><code>luaL_checktype</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> has type <code>t</code>. +See <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> for the encoding of types for <code>t</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);</pre> + +<p> +Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a userdata +of the type <code>tname</code> (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dofile"><code>luaL_dofile</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +?, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_dofile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre> + +<p> +Loads and runs the given file. +It is defined as the following macro: + +<pre> + (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) +</pre><p> +It returns 0 if there are no errors +or 1 in case of errors. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dostring"><code>luaL_dostring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +?, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_dostring (lua_State *L, const char *str);</pre> + +<p> +Loads and runs the given string. +It is defined as the following macro: + +<pre> + (luaL_loadstring(L, str) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) +</pre><p> +It returns 0 if there are no errors +or 1 in case of errors. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre> + +<p> +Raises an error. +The error message format is given by <code>fmt</code> +plus any extra arguments, +following the same rules of <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>. +It also adds at the beginning of the message the file name and +the line number where the error occurred, +if this information is available. + + +<p> +This function never returns, +but it is an idiom to use it in C functions +as <code>return luaL_error(<em>args</em>)</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetafield"><code>luaL_getmetafield</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack the field <code>e</code> from the metatable +of the object at index <code>obj</code>. +If the object does not have a metatable, +or if the metatable does not have this field, +returns 0 and pushes nothing. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetatable"><code>luaL_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_getmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack the metatable associated with name <code>tname</code> +in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>). + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_gsub"><code>luaL_gsub</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, + const char *s, + const char *p, + const char *r);</pre> + +<p> +Creates a copy of string <code>s</code> by replacing +any occurrence of the string <code>p</code> +with the string <code>r</code>. +Pushes the resulting string on the stack and returns it. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbuffer"><code>luaL_loadbuffer</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L, + const char *buff, + size_t sz, + const char *name);</pre> + +<p> +Loads a buffer as a Lua chunk. +This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the +buffer pointed to by <code>buff</code> with size <code>sz</code>. + + +<p> +This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>. +<code>name</code> is the chunk name, +used for debug information and error messages. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfile"><code>luaL_loadfile</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre> + +<p> +Loads a file as a Lua chunk. +This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the file +named <code>filename</code>. +If <code>filename</code> is <code>NULL</code>, +then it loads from the standard input. +The first line in the file is ignored if it starts with a <code>#</code>. + + +<p> +This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, +but it has an extra error code <a name="pdf-LUA_ERRFILE"><code>LUA_ERRFILE</code></a> +if it cannot open/read the file. + + +<p> +As <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk; +it does not run it. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadstring"><code>luaL_loadstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre> + +<p> +Loads a string as a Lua chunk. +This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in +the zero-terminated string <code>s</code>. + + +<p> +This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>. + + +<p> +Also as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk; +it does not run it. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre> + +<p> +If the registry already has the key <code>tname</code>, +returns 0. +Otherwise, +creates a new table to be used as a metatable for userdata, +adds it to the registry with key <code>tname</code>, +and returns 1. + + +<p> +In both cases pushes onto the stack the final value associated +with <code>tname</code> in the registry. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_State *luaL_newstate (void);</pre> + +<p> +Creates a new Lua state. +It calls <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> with an +allocator based on the standard C <code>realloc</code> function +and then sets a panic function (see <a href="#lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a>) that prints +an error message to the standard error output in case of fatal +errors. + + +<p> +Returns the new state, +or <code>NULL</code> if there is a memory allocation error. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L);</pre> + +<p> +Opens all standard Lua libraries into the given state. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optint"><code>luaL_optint</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_optint (lua_State *L, int narg, int d);</pre> + +<p> +If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number, +returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>. +If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>, +returns <code>d</code>. +Otherwise, raises an error. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optinteger"><code>luaL_optinteger</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, + int narg, + lua_Integer d);</pre> + +<p> +If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number, +returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>. +If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>, +returns <code>d</code>. +Otherwise, raises an error. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlong"><code>luaL_optlong</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>long luaL_optlong (lua_State *L, int narg, long d);</pre> + +<p> +If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number, +returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>. +If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>, +returns <code>d</code>. +Otherwise, raises an error. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlstring"><code>luaL_optlstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L, + int narg, + const char *d, + size_t *l);</pre> + +<p> +If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string, +returns this string. +If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>, +returns <code>d</code>. +Otherwise, raises an error. + + +<p> +If <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, +fills the position <code>*l</code> with the results's length. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optnumber"><code>luaL_optnumber</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number d);</pre> + +<p> +If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number, +returns this number. +If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>, +returns <code>d</code>. +Otherwise, raises an error. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optstring"><code>luaL_optstring</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *luaL_optstring (lua_State *L, + int narg, + const char *d);</pre> + +<p> +If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string, +returns this string. +If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>, +returns <code>d</code>. +Otherwise, raises an error. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre> + +<p> +Returns an address to a space of size <a name="pdf-LUAL_BUFFERSIZE"><code>LUAL_BUFFERSIZE</code></a> +where you can copy a string to be added to buffer <code>B</code> +(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>). +After copying the string into this space you must call +<a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a> with the size of the string to actually add +it to the buffer. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-?, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre> + +<p> +Finishes the use of buffer <code>B</code> leaving the final string on +the top of the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t);</pre> + +<p> +Creates and returns a <em>reference</em>, +in the table at index <code>t</code>, +for the object at the top of the stack (and pops the object). + + +<p> +A reference is a unique integer key. +As long as you do not manually add integer keys into table <code>t</code>, +<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> ensures the uniqueness of the key it returns. +You can retrieve an object referred by reference <code>r</code> +by calling <code>lua_rawgeti(L, t, r)</code>. +Function <a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> frees a reference and its associated object. + + +<p> +If the object at the top of the stack is <b>nil</b>, +<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> returns the constant <a name="pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>. +The constant <a name="pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> is guaranteed to be different +from any reference returned by <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a></h3> +<pre>typedef struct luaL_Reg { + const char *name; + lua_CFunction func; +} luaL_Reg;</pre> + +<p> +Type for arrays of functions to be registered by +<a href="#luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a>. +<code>name</code> is the function name and <code>func</code> is a pointer to +the function. +Any array of <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a> must end with an sentinel entry +in which both <code>name</code> and <code>func</code> are <code>NULL</code>. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_register (lua_State *L, + const char *libname, + const luaL_Reg *l);</pre> + +<p> +Opens a library. + + +<p> +When called with <code>libname</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>, +it simply registers all functions in the list <code>l</code> +(see <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a>) into the table on the top of the stack. + + +<p> +When called with a non-null <code>libname</code>, +<code>luaL_register</code> creates a new table <code>t</code>, +sets it as the value of the global variable <code>libname</code>, +sets it as the value of <code>package.loaded[libname]</code>, +and registers on it all functions in the list <code>l</code>. +If there is a table in <code>package.loaded[libname]</code> or in +variable <code>libname</code>, +reuses this table instead of creating a new one. + + +<p> +In any case the function leaves the table +on the top of the stack. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typename"><code>luaL_typename</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>const char *luaL_typename (lua_State *L, int index);</pre> + +<p> +Returns the name of the type of the value at the given index. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typerror"><code>luaL_typerror</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span> +<pre>int luaL_typerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);</pre> + +<p> +Generates an error with a message like the following: + +<pre> + <em>location</em>: bad argument <em>narg</em> to '<em>func</em>' (<em>tname</em> expected, got <em>rt</em>) +</pre><p> +where <code><em>location</em></code> is produced by <a href="#luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a>, +<code><em>func</em></code> is the name of the current function, +and <code><em>rt</em></code> is the type name of the actual argument. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);</pre> + +<p> +Releases reference <code>ref</code> from the table at index <code>t</code> +(see <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>). +The entry is removed from the table, +so that the referred object can be collected. +The reference <code>ref</code> is also freed to be used again. + + +<p> +If <code>ref</code> is <a href="#pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>, +<a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> does nothing. + + + + + +<hr><h3><a name="luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a></h3><p> +<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span> +<pre>void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int lvl);</pre> + +<p> +Pushes onto the stack a string identifying the current position +of the control at level <code>lvl</code> in the call stack. +Typically this string has the following format: + +<pre> + <em>chunkname</em>:<em>currentline</em>: +</pre><p> +Level 0 is the running function, +level 1 is the function that called the running function, +etc. + + +<p> +This function is used to build a prefix for error messages. + + + + + + + +<h1>5 - <a name="5">Standard Libraries</a></h1> + +<p> +The standard Lua libraries provide useful functions +that are implemented directly through the C API. +Some of these functions provide essential services to the language +(e.g., <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a>); +others provide access to "outside" services (e.g., I/O); +and others could be implemented in Lua itself, +but are quite useful or have critical performance requirements that +deserve an implementation in C (e.g., <a href="#pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort</code></a>). + + +<p> +All libraries are implemented through the official C API +and are provided as separate C modules. +Currently, Lua has the following standard libraries: + +<ul> + +<li>basic library, which includes the coroutine sub-library;</li> + +<li>package library;</li> + +<li>string manipulation;</li> + +<li>table manipulation;</li> + +<li>mathematical functions (sin, log, etc.);</li> + +<li>input and output;</li> + +<li>operating system facilities;</li> + +<li>debug facilities.</li> + +</ul><p> +Except for the basic and package libraries, +each library provides all its functions as fields of a global table +or as methods of its objects. + + +<p> +To have access to these libraries, +the C host program should call the <a href="#luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a> function, +which opens all standard libraries. +Alternatively, +it can open them individually by calling +<a name="pdf-luaopen_base"><code>luaopen_base</code></a> (for the basic library), +<a name="pdf-luaopen_package"><code>luaopen_package</code></a> (for the package library), +<a name="pdf-luaopen_string"><code>luaopen_string</code></a> (for the string library), +<a name="pdf-luaopen_table"><code>luaopen_table</code></a> (for the table library), +<a name="pdf-luaopen_math"><code>luaopen_math</code></a> (for the mathematical library), +<a name="pdf-luaopen_io"><code>luaopen_io</code></a> (for the I/O library), +<a name="pdf-luaopen_os"><code>luaopen_os</code></a> (for the Operating System library), +and <a name="pdf-luaopen_debug"><code>luaopen_debug</code></a> (for the debug library). +These functions are declared in <a name="pdf-lualib.h"><code>lualib.h</code></a> +and should not be called directly: +you must call them like any other Lua C function, +e.g., by using <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>. + + + +<h2>5.1 - <a name="5.1">Basic Functions</a></h2> + +<p> +The basic library provides some core functions to Lua. +If you do not include this library in your application, +you should check carefully whether you need to provide +implementations for some of its facilities. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-assert"><code>assert (v [, message])</code></a></h3> +Issues an error when +the value of its argument <code>v</code> is false (i.e., <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b>); +otherwise, returns all its arguments. +<code>message</code> is an error message; +when absent, it defaults to "assertion failed!" + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage ([opt [, arg]])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function is a generic interface to the garbage collector. +It performs different functions according to its first argument, <code>opt</code>: + +<ul> + +<li><b>"collect":</b> +performs a full garbage-collection cycle. +This is the default option. +</li> + +<li><b>"stop":</b> +stops the garbage collector. +</li> + +<li><b>"restart":</b> +restarts the garbage collector. +</li> + +<li><b>"count":</b> +returns the total memory in use by Lua (in Kbytes). +</li> + +<li><b>"step":</b> +performs a garbage-collection step. +The step "size" is controlled by <code>arg</code> +(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way. +If you want to control the step size +you must experimentally tune the value of <code>arg</code>. +Returns <b>true</b> if the step finished a collection cycle. +</li> + +<li><b>"setpause":</b> +sets <code>arg</code> as the new value for the <em>pause</em> of +the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>). +Returns the previous value for <em>pause</em>. +</li> + +<li><b>"setstepmul":</b> +sets <code>arg</code> as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of +the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>). +Returns the previous value for <em>step</em>. +</li> + +</ul> + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-dofile"><code>dofile ([filename])</code></a></h3> +Opens the named file and executes its contents as a Lua chunk. +When called without arguments, +<code>dofile</code> executes the contents of the standard input (<code>stdin</code>). +Returns all values returned by the chunk. +In case of errors, <code>dofile</code> propagates the error +to its caller (that is, <code>dofile</code> does not run in protected mode). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-error"><code>error (message [, level])</code></a></h3> +Terminates the last protected function called +and returns <code>message</code> as the error message. +Function <code>error</code> never returns. + + +<p> +Usually, <code>error</code> adds some information about the error position +at the beginning of the message. +The <code>level</code> argument specifies how to get the error position. +With level 1 (the default), the error position is where the +<code>error</code> function was called. +Level 2 points the error to where the function +that called <code>error</code> was called; and so on. +Passing a level 0 avoids the addition of error position information +to the message. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a></h3> +A global variable (not a function) that +holds the global environment (that is, <code>_G._G = _G</code>). +Lua itself does not use this variable; +changing its value does not affect any environment, +nor vice-versa. +(Use <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a> to change environments.) + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv ([f])</code></a></h3> +Returns the current environment in use by the function. +<code>f</code> can be a Lua function or a number +that specifies the function at that stack level: +Level 1 is the function calling <code>getfenv</code>. +If the given function is not a Lua function, +or if <code>f</code> is 0, +<code>getfenv</code> returns the global environment. +The default for <code>f</code> is 1. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +If <code>object</code> does not have a metatable, returns <b>nil</b>. +Otherwise, +if the object's metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field, +returns the associated value. +Otherwise, returns the metatable of the given object. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs (t)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns three values: an iterator function, the table <code>t</code>, and 0, +so that the construction + +<pre> + for i,v in ipairs(t) do <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +will iterate over the pairs (<code>1,t[1]</code>), (<code>2,t[2]</code>), ···, +up to the first integer key absent from the table. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-load"><code>load (func [, chunkname])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Loads a chunk using function <code>func</code> to get its pieces. +Each call to <code>func</code> must return a string that concatenates +with previous results. +A return of an empty string, <b>nil</b>, or no value signals the end of the chunk. + + +<p> +If there are no errors, +returns the compiled chunk as a function; +otherwise, returns <b>nil</b> plus the error message. +The environment of the returned function is the global environment. + + +<p> +<code>chunkname</code> is used as the chunk name for error messages +and debug information. +When absent, +it defaults to "<code>=(load)</code>". + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile ([filename])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>, +but gets the chunk from file <code>filename</code> +or from the standard input, +if no file name is given. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring (string [, chunkname])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>, +but gets the chunk from the given string. + + +<p> +To load and run a given string, use the idiom + +<pre> + assert(loadstring(s))() +</pre> + +<p> +When absent, +<code>chunkname</code> defaults to the given string. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-next"><code>next (table [, index])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Allows a program to traverse all fields of a table. +Its first argument is a table and its second argument +is an index in this table. +<code>next</code> returns the next index of the table +and its associated value. +When called with <b>nil</b> as its second argument, +<code>next</code> returns an initial index +and its associated value. +When called with the last index, +or with <b>nil</b> in an empty table, +<code>next</code> returns <b>nil</b>. +If the second argument is absent, then it is interpreted as <b>nil</b>. +In particular, +you can use <code>next(t)</code> to check whether a table is empty. + + +<p> +The order in which the indices are enumerated is not specified, +<em>even for numeric indices</em>. +(To traverse a table in numeric order, +use a numerical <b>for</b> or the <a href="#pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs</code></a> function.) + + +<p> +The behavior of <code>next</code> is <em>undefined</em> if, +during the traversal, +you assign any value to a non-existent field in the table. +You may however modify existing fields. +In particular, you may clear existing fields. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pairs"><code>pairs (t)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns three values: the <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> function, the table <code>t</code>, and <b>nil</b>, +so that the construction + +<pre> + for k,v in pairs(t) do <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +will iterate over all key–value pairs of table <code>t</code>. + + +<p> +See function <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying +the table during its traversal. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pcall"><code>pcall (f, arg1, ···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Calls function <code>f</code> with +the given arguments in <em>protected mode</em>. +This means that any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated; +instead, <code>pcall</code> catches the error +and returns a status code. +Its first result is the status code (a boolean), +which is true if the call succeeds without errors. +In such case, <code>pcall</code> also returns all results from the call, +after this first result. +In case of any error, <code>pcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-print"><code>print (···)</code></a></h3> +Receives any number of arguments, +and prints their values to <code>stdout</code>, +using the <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> function to convert them to strings. +<code>print</code> is not intended for formatted output, +but only as a quick way to show a value, +typically for debugging. +For formatted output, use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawequal"><code>rawequal (v1, v2)</code></a></h3> +Checks whether <code>v1</code> is equal to <code>v2</code>, +without invoking any metamethod. +Returns a boolean. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawget"><code>rawget (table, index)</code></a></h3> +Gets the real value of <code>table[index]</code>, +without invoking any metamethod. +<code>table</code> must be a table; +<code>index</code> may be any value. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawset"><code>rawset (table, index, value)</code></a></h3> +Sets the real value of <code>table[index]</code> to <code>value</code>, +without invoking any metamethod. +<code>table</code> must be a table, +<code>index</code> any value different from <b>nil</b>, +and <code>value</code> any Lua value. + + +<p> +This function returns <code>table</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-select"><code>select (index, ···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +If <code>index</code> is a number, +returns all arguments after argument number <code>index</code>. +Otherwise, <code>index</code> must be the string <code>"#"</code>, +and <code>select</code> returns the total number of extra arguments it received. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv (f, table)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets the environment to be used by the given function. +<code>f</code> can be a Lua function or a number +that specifies the function at that stack level: +Level 1 is the function calling <code>setfenv</code>. +<code>setfenv</code> returns the given function. + + +<p> +As a special case, when <code>f</code> is 0 <code>setfenv</code> changes +the environment of the running thread. +In this case, <code>setfenv</code> returns no values. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable (table, metatable)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets the metatable for the given table. +(You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua, only from C.) +If <code>metatable</code> is <b>nil</b>, +removes the metatable of the given table. +If the original metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field, +raises an error. + + +<p> +This function returns <code>table</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber (e [, base])</code></a></h3> +Tries to convert its argument to a number. +If the argument is already a number or a string convertible +to a number, then <code>tonumber</code> returns this number; +otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>. + + +<p> +An optional argument specifies the base to interpret the numeral. +The base may be any integer between 2 and 36, inclusive. +In bases above 10, the letter '<code>A</code>' (in either upper or lower case) +represents 10, '<code>B</code>' represents 11, and so forth, +with '<code>Z</code>' representing 35. +In base 10 (the default), the number can have a decimal part, +as well as an optional exponent part (see <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>). +In other bases, only unsigned integers are accepted. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tostring"><code>tostring (e)</code></a></h3> +Receives an argument of any type and +converts it to a string in a reasonable format. +For complete control of how numbers are converted, +use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>. + + +<p> +If the metatable of <code>e</code> has a <code>"__tostring"</code> field, +then <code>tostring</code> calls the corresponding value +with <code>e</code> as argument, +and uses the result of the call as its result. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-type"><code>type (v)</code></a></h3> +Returns the type of its only argument, coded as a string. +The possible results of this function are +"<code>nil</code>" (a string, not the value <b>nil</b>), +"<code>number</code>", +"<code>string</code>", +"<code>boolean</code>", +"<code>table</code>", +"<code>function</code>", +"<code>thread</code>", +and "<code>userdata</code>". + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-unpack"><code>unpack (list [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3> +Returns the elements from the given table. +This function is equivalent to + +<pre> + return list[i], list[i+1], ···, list[j] +</pre><p> +except that the above code can be written only for a fixed number +of elements. +By default, <code>i</code> is 1 and <code>j</code> is the length of the list, +as defined by the length operator (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a></h3> +A global variable (not a function) that +holds a string containing the current interpreter version. +The current contents of this variable is "<code>Lua 5.1</code>". + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall (f, err)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function is similar to <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a>, +except that you can set a new error handler. + + +<p> +<code>xpcall</code> calls function <code>f</code> in protected mode, +using <code>err</code> as the error handler. +Any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated; +instead, <code>xpcall</code> catches the error, +calls the <code>err</code> function with the original error object, +and returns a status code. +Its first result is the status code (a boolean), +which is true if the call succeeds without errors. +In this case, <code>xpcall</code> also returns all results from the call, +after this first result. +In case of any error, +<code>xpcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the result from <code>err</code>. + + + + + + + +<h2>5.2 - <a name="5.2">Coroutine Manipulation</a></h2> + +<p> +The operations related to coroutines comprise a sub-library of +the basic library and come inside the table <a name="pdf-coroutine"><code>coroutine</code></a>. +See <a href="#2.11">§2.11</a> for a general description of coroutines. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create (f)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>. +<code>f</code> must be a Lua function. +Returns this new coroutine, +an object with type <code>"thread"</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume (co [, val1, ···])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Starts or continues the execution of coroutine <code>co</code>. +The first time you resume a coroutine, +it starts running its body. +The values <code>val1</code>, ··· are passed +as the arguments to the body function. +If the coroutine has yielded, +<code>resume</code> restarts it; +the values <code>val1</code>, ··· are passed +as the results from the yield. + + +<p> +If the coroutine runs without any errors, +<code>resume</code> returns <b>true</b> plus any values passed to <code>yield</code> +(if the coroutine yields) or any values returned by the body function +(if the coroutine terminates). +If there is any error, +<code>resume</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.running"><code>coroutine.running ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the running coroutine, +or <b>nil</b> when called by the main thread. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.status"><code>coroutine.status (co)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the status of coroutine <code>co</code>, as a string: +<code>"running"</code>, +if the coroutine is running (that is, it called <code>status</code>); +<code>"suspended"</code>, if the coroutine is suspended in a call to <code>yield</code>, +or if it has not started running yet; +<code>"normal"</code> if the coroutine is active but not running +(that is, it has resumed another coroutine); +and <code>"dead"</code> if the coroutine has finished its body function, +or if it has stopped with an error. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap (f)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>. +<code>f</code> must be a Lua function. +Returns a function that resumes the coroutine each time it is called. +Any arguments passed to the function behave as the +extra arguments to <code>resume</code>. +Returns the same values returned by <code>resume</code>, +except the first boolean. +In case of error, propagates the error. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield (···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Suspends the execution of the calling coroutine. +The coroutine cannot be running a C function, +a metamethod, or an iterator. +Any arguments to <code>yield</code> are passed as extra results to <code>resume</code>. + + + + + + + +<h2>5.3 - <a name="5.3">Modules</a></h2> + +<p> +The package library provides basic +facilities for loading and building modules in Lua. +It exports two of its functions directly in the global environment: +<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-module"><code>module</code></a>. +Everything else is exported in a table <a name="pdf-package"><code>package</code></a>. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-module"><code>module (name [, ···])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Creates a module. +If there is a table in <code>package.loaded[name]</code>, +this table is the module. +Otherwise, if there is a global table <code>t</code> with the given name, +this table is the module. +Otherwise creates a new table <code>t</code> and +sets it as the value of the global <code>name</code> and +the value of <code>package.loaded[name]</code>. +This function also initializes <code>t._NAME</code> with the given name, +<code>t._M</code> with the module (<code>t</code> itself), +and <code>t._PACKAGE</code> with the package name +(the full module name minus last component; see below). +Finally, <code>module</code> sets <code>t</code> as the new environment +of the current function and the new value of <code>package.loaded[name]</code>, +so that <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> returns <code>t</code>. + + +<p> +If <code>name</code> is a compound name +(that is, one with components separated by dots), +<code>module</code> creates (or reuses, if they already exist) +tables for each component. +For instance, if <code>name</code> is <code>a.b.c</code>, +then <code>module</code> stores the module table in field <code>c</code> of +field <code>b</code> of global <code>a</code>. + + +<p> +This function can receive optional <em>options</em> after +the module name, +where each option is a function to be applied over the module. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-require"><code>require (modname)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Loads the given module. +The function starts by looking into the <a href="#pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a> table +to determine whether <code>modname</code> is already loaded. +If it is, then <code>require</code> returns the value stored +at <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>. +Otherwise, it tries to find a <em>loader</em> for the module. + + +<p> +To find a loader, +<code>require</code> is guided by the <a href="#pdf-package.loaders"><code>package.loaders</code></a> array. +By changing this array, +we can change how <code>require</code> looks for a module. +The following explanation is based on the default configuration +for <a href="#pdf-package.loaders"><code>package.loaders</code></a>. + + +<p> +First <code>require</code> queries <code>package.preload[modname]</code>. +If it has a value, +this value (which should be a function) is the loader. +Otherwise <code>require</code> searches for a Lua loader using the +path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>. +If that also fails, it searches for a C loader using the +path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>. +If that also fails, +it tries an <em>all-in-one</em> loader (see <a href="#pdf-package.loaders"><code>package.loaders</code></a>). + + +<p> +Once a loader is found, +<code>require</code> calls the loader with a single argument, <code>modname</code>. +If the loader returns any value, +<code>require</code> assigns the returned value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>. +If the loader returns no value and +has not assigned any value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>, +then <code>require</code> assigns <b>true</b> to this entry. +In any case, <code>require</code> returns the +final value of <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>. + + +<p> +If there is any error loading or running the module, +or if it cannot find any loader for the module, +then <code>require</code> signals an error. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a C loader. + + +<p> +Lua initializes the C path <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a> in the same way +it initializes the Lua path <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>, +using the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH"><code>LUA_CPATH</code></a> +or a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>. + + + + +<p> + +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control which +modules are already loaded. +When you require a module <code>modname</code> and +<code>package.loaded[modname]</code> is not false, +<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> simply returns the value stored there. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loaders"><code>package.loaders</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control how to load modules. + + +<p> +Each entry in this table is a <em>searcher function</em>. +When looking for a module, +<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> calls each of these searchers in ascending order, +with the module name (the argument given to <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>) as its +sole parameter. +The function can return another function (the module <em>loader</em>) +or a string explaining why it did not find that module +(or <b>nil</b> if it has nothing to say). +Lua initializes this table with four functions. + + +<p> +The first searcher simply looks for a loader in the +<a href="#pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a> table. + + +<p> +The second searcher looks for a loader as a Lua library, +using the path stored at <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>. +A path is a sequence of <em>templates</em> separated by semicolons. +For each template, +the searcher will change each interrogation +mark in the template by <code>filename</code>, +which is the module name with each dot replaced by a +"directory separator" (such as "<code>/</code>" in Unix); +then it will try to open the resulting file name. +So, for instance, if the Lua path is the string + +<pre> + "./?.lua;./?.lc;/usr/local/?/init.lua" +</pre><p> +the search for a Lua file for module <code>foo</code> +will try to open the files +<code>./foo.lua</code>, <code>./foo.lc</code>, and +<code>/usr/local/foo/init.lua</code>, in that order. + + +<p> +The third searcher looks for a loader as a C library, +using the path given by the variable <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>. +For instance, +if the C path is the string + +<pre> + "./?.so;./?.dll;/usr/local/?/init.so" +</pre><p> +the searcher for module <code>foo</code> +will try to open the files <code>./foo.so</code>, <code>./foo.dll</code>, +and <code>/usr/local/foo/init.so</code>, in that order. +Once it finds a C library, +this searcher first uses a dynamic link facility to link the +application with the library. +Then it tries to find a C function inside the library to +be used as the loader. +The name of this C function is the string "<code>luaopen_</code>" +concatenated with a copy of the module name where each dot +is replaced by an underscore. +Moreover, if the module name has a hyphen, +its prefix up to (and including) the first hyphen is removed. +For instance, if the module name is <code>a.v1-b.c</code>, +the function name will be <code>luaopen_b_c</code>. + + +<p> +The fourth searcher tries an <em>all-in-one loader</em>. +It searches the C path for a library for +the root name of the given module. +For instance, when requiring <code>a.b.c</code>, +it will search for a C library for <code>a</code>. +If found, it looks into it for an open function for +the submodule; +in our example, that would be <code>luaopen_a_b_c</code>. +With this facility, a package can pack several C submodules +into one single library, +with each submodule keeping its original open function. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib (libname, funcname)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Dynamically links the host program with the C library <code>libname</code>. +Inside this library, looks for a function <code>funcname</code> +and returns this function as a C function. +(So, <code>funcname</code> must follow the protocol (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>)). + + +<p> +This is a low-level function. +It completely bypasses the package and module system. +Unlike <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>, +it does not perform any path searching and +does not automatically adds extensions. +<code>libname</code> must be the complete file name of the C library, +including if necessary a path and extension. +<code>funcname</code> must be the exact name exported by the C library +(which may depend on the C compiler and linker used). + + +<p> +This function is not supported by ANSI C. +As such, it is only available on some platforms +(Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, BSD, +plus other Unix systems that support the <code>dlfcn</code> standard). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a Lua loader. + + +<p> +At start-up, Lua initializes this variable with +the value of the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH"><code>LUA_PATH</code></a> or +with a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>, +if the environment variable is not defined. +Any "<code>;;</code>" in the value of the environment variable +is replaced by the default path. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +A table to store loaders for specific modules +(see <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.seeall"><code>package.seeall (module)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets a metatable for <code>module</code> with +its <code>__index</code> field referring to the global environment, +so that this module inherits values +from the global environment. +To be used as an option to function <a href="#pdf-module"><code>module</code></a>. + + + + + + + +<h2>5.4 - <a name="5.4">String Manipulation</a></h2> + +<p> +This library provides generic functions for string manipulation, +such as finding and extracting substrings, and pattern matching. +When indexing a string in Lua, the first character is at position 1 +(not at 0, as in C). +Indices are allowed to be negative and are interpreted as indexing backwards, +from the end of the string. +Thus, the last character is at position -1, and so on. + + +<p> +The string library provides all its functions inside the table +<a name="pdf-string"><code>string</code></a>. +It also sets a metatable for strings +where the <code>__index</code> field points to the <code>string</code> table. +Therefore, you can use the string functions in object-oriented style. +For instance, <code>string.byte(s, i)</code> +can be written as <code>s:byte(i)</code>. + + +<p> +The string library assumes one-byte character encodings. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.byte"><code>string.byte (s [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3> +Returns the internal numerical codes of the characters <code>s[i]</code>, +<code>s[i+1]</code>, ···, <code>s[j]</code>. +The default value for <code>i</code> is 1; +the default value for <code>j</code> is <code>i</code>. + + +<p> +Note that numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.char"><code>string.char (···)</code></a></h3> +Receives zero or more integers. +Returns a string with length equal to the number of arguments, +in which each character has the internal numerical code equal +to its corresponding argument. + + +<p> +Note that numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump (function)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns a string containing a binary representation of the given function, +so that a later <a href="#pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring</code></a> on this string returns +a copy of the function. +<code>function</code> must be a Lua function without upvalues. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.find"><code>string.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]])</code></a></h3> +Looks for the first match of +<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>. +If it finds a match, then <code>find</code> returns the indices of <code>s</code> +where this occurrence starts and ends; +otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>. +A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies +where to start the search; +its default value is 1 and can be negative. +A value of <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code> +turns off the pattern matching facilities, +so the function does a plain "find substring" operation, +with no characters in <code>pattern</code> being considered "magic". +Note that if <code>plain</code> is given, then <code>init</code> must be given as well. + + +<p> +If the pattern has captures, +then in a successful match +the captured values are also returned, +after the two indices. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.format"><code>string.format (formatstring, ···)</code></a></h3> +Returns a formatted version of its variable number of arguments +following the description given in its first argument (which must be a string). +The format string follows the same rules as the <code>printf</code> family of +standard C functions. +The only differences are that the options/modifiers +<code>*</code>, <code>l</code>, <code>L</code>, <code>n</code>, <code>p</code>, +and <code>h</code> are not supported +and that there is an extra option, <code>q</code>. +The <code>q</code> option formats a string in a form suitable to be safely read +back by the Lua interpreter: +the string is written between double quotes, +and all double quotes, newlines, embedded zeros, +and backslashes in the string +are correctly escaped when written. +For instance, the call + +<pre> + string.format('%q', 'a string with "quotes" and \n new line') +</pre><p> +will produce the string: + +<pre> + "a string with \"quotes\" and \ + new line" +</pre> + +<p> +The options <code>c</code>, <code>d</code>, <code>E</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>f</code>, +<code>g</code>, <code>G</code>, <code>i</code>, <code>o</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>X</code>, and <code>x</code> all +expect a number as argument, +whereas <code>q</code> and <code>s</code> expect a string. + + +<p> +This function does not accept string values +containing embedded zeros, +except as arguments to the <code>q</code> option. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch (s, pattern)</code></a></h3> +Returns an iterator function that, +each time it is called, +returns the next captures from <code>pattern</code> over string <code>s</code>. +If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures, +then the whole match is produced in each call. + + +<p> +As an example, the following loop + +<pre> + s = "hello world from Lua" + for w in string.gmatch(s, "%a+") do + print(w) + end +</pre><p> +will iterate over all the words from string <code>s</code>, +printing one per line. +The next example collects all pairs <code>key=value</code> from the +given string into a table: + +<pre> + t = {} + s = "from=world, to=Lua" + for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%w+)=(%w+)") do + t[k] = v + end +</pre> + +<p> +For this function, a '<code>^</code>' at the start of a pattern does not +work as an anchor, as this would prevent the iteration. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n])</code></a></h3> +Returns a copy of <code>s</code> +in which all (or the first <code>n</code>, if given) +occurrences of the <code>pattern</code> have been +replaced by a replacement string specified by <code>repl</code>, +which can be a string, a table, or a function. +<code>gsub</code> also returns, as its second value, +the total number of matches that occurred. + + +<p> +If <code>repl</code> is a string, then its value is used for replacement. +The character <code>%</code> works as an escape character: +any sequence in <code>repl</code> of the form <code>%<em>n</em></code>, +with <em>n</em> between 1 and 9, +stands for the value of the <em>n</em>-th captured substring (see below). +The sequence <code>%0</code> stands for the whole match. +The sequence <code>%%</code> stands for a single <code>%</code>. + + +<p> +If <code>repl</code> is a table, then the table is queried for every match, +using the first capture as the key; +if the pattern specifies no captures, +then the whole match is used as the key. + + +<p> +If <code>repl</code> is a function, then this function is called every time a +match occurs, with all captured substrings passed as arguments, +in order; +if the pattern specifies no captures, +then the whole match is passed as a sole argument. + + +<p> +If the value returned by the table query or by the function call +is a string or a number, +then it is used as the replacement string; +otherwise, if it is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>, +then there is no replacement +(that is, the original match is kept in the string). + + +<p> +Here are some examples: + +<pre> + x = string.gsub("hello world", "(%w+)", "%1 %1") + --> x="hello hello world world" + + x = string.gsub("hello world", "%w+", "%0 %0", 1) + --> x="hello hello world" + + x = string.gsub("hello world from Lua", "(%w+)%s*(%w+)", "%2 %1") + --> x="world hello Lua from" + + x = string.gsub("home = $HOME, user = $USER", "%$(%w+)", os.getenv) + --> x="home = /home/roberto, user = roberto" + + x = string.gsub("4+5 = $return 4+5$", "%$(.-)%$", function (s) + return loadstring(s)() + end) + --> x="4+5 = 9" + + local t = {name="lua", version="5.1"} + x = string.gsub("$name-$version.tar.gz", "%$(%w+)", t) + --> x="lua-5.1.tar.gz" +</pre> + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.len"><code>string.len (s)</code></a></h3> +Receives a string and returns its length. +The empty string <code>""</code> has length 0. +Embedded zeros are counted, +so <code>"a\000bc\000"</code> has length 5. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.lower"><code>string.lower (s)</code></a></h3> +Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all +uppercase letters changed to lowercase. +All other characters are left unchanged. +The definition of what an uppercase letter is depends on the current locale. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.match"><code>string.match (s, pattern [, init])</code></a></h3> +Looks for the first <em>match</em> of +<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>. +If it finds one, then <code>match</code> returns +the captures from the pattern; +otherwise it returns <b>nil</b>. +If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures, +then the whole match is returned. +A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies +where to start the search; +its default value is 1 and can be negative. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.rep"><code>string.rep (s, n)</code></a></h3> +Returns a string that is the concatenation of <code>n</code> copies of +the string <code>s</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.reverse"><code>string.reverse (s)</code></a></h3> +Returns a string that is the string <code>s</code> reversed. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub (s, i [, j])</code></a></h3> +Returns the substring of <code>s</code> that +starts at <code>i</code> and continues until <code>j</code>; +<code>i</code> and <code>j</code> can be negative. +If <code>j</code> is absent, then it is assumed to be equal to -1 +(which is the same as the string length). +In particular, +the call <code>string.sub(s,1,j)</code> returns a prefix of <code>s</code> +with length <code>j</code>, +and <code>string.sub(s, -i)</code> returns a suffix of <code>s</code> +with length <code>i</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.upper"><code>string.upper (s)</code></a></h3> +Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all +lowercase letters changed to uppercase. +All other characters are left unchanged. +The definition of what a lowercase letter is depends on the current locale. + + + +<h3>5.4.1 - <a name="5.4.1">Patterns</a></h3> + + +<h4>Character Class:</h4><p> +A <em>character class</em> is used to represent a set of characters. +The following combinations are allowed in describing a character class: + +<ul> + +<li><b><em>x</em>:</b> +(where <em>x</em> is not one of the <em>magic characters</em> +<code>^$()%.[]*+-?</code>) +represents the character <em>x</em> itself. +</li> + +<li><b><code>.</code>:</b> (a dot) represents all characters.</li> + +<li><b><code>%a</code>:</b> represents all letters.</li> + +<li><b><code>%c</code>:</b> represents all control characters.</li> + +<li><b><code>%d</code>:</b> represents all digits.</li> + +<li><b><code>%l</code>:</b> represents all lowercase letters.</li> + +<li><b><code>%p</code>:</b> represents all punctuation characters.</li> + +<li><b><code>%s</code>:</b> represents all space characters.</li> + +<li><b><code>%u</code>:</b> represents all uppercase letters.</li> + +<li><b><code>%w</code>:</b> represents all alphanumeric characters.</li> + +<li><b><code>%x</code>:</b> represents all hexadecimal digits.</li> + +<li><b><code>%z</code>:</b> represents the character with representation 0.</li> + +<li><b><code>%<em>x</em></code>:</b> (where <em>x</em> is any non-alphanumeric character) +represents the character <em>x</em>. +This is the standard way to escape the magic characters. +Any punctuation character (even the non magic) +can be preceded by a '<code>%</code>' +when used to represent itself in a pattern. +</li> + +<li><b><code>[<em>set</em>]</code>:</b> +represents the class which is the union of all +characters in <em>set</em>. +A range of characters can be specified by +separating the end characters of the range with a '<code>-</code>'. +All classes <code>%</code><em>x</em> described above can also be used as +components in <em>set</em>. +All other characters in <em>set</em> represent themselves. +For example, <code>[%w_]</code> (or <code>[_%w]</code>) +represents all alphanumeric characters plus the underscore, +<code>[0-7]</code> represents the octal digits, +and <code>[0-7%l%-]</code> represents the octal digits plus +the lowercase letters plus the '<code>-</code>' character. + + +<p> +The interaction between ranges and classes is not defined. +Therefore, patterns like <code>[%a-z]</code> or <code>[a-%%]</code> +have no meaning. +</li> + +<li><b><code>[^<em>set</em>]</code>:</b> +represents the complement of <em>set</em>, +where <em>set</em> is interpreted as above. +</li> + +</ul><p> +For all classes represented by single letters (<code>%a</code>, <code>%c</code>, etc.), +the corresponding uppercase letter represents the complement of the class. +For instance, <code>%S</code> represents all non-space characters. + + +<p> +The definitions of letter, space, and other character groups +depend on the current locale. +In particular, the class <code>[a-z]</code> may not be equivalent to <code>%l</code>. + + + + + +<h4>Pattern Item:</h4><p> +A <em>pattern item</em> can be + +<ul> + +<li> +a single character class, +which matches any single character in the class; +</li> + +<li> +a single character class followed by '<code>*</code>', +which matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class. +These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence; +</li> + +<li> +a single character class followed by '<code>+</code>', +which matches 1 or more repetitions of characters in the class. +These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence; +</li> + +<li> +a single character class followed by '<code>-</code>', +which also matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class. +Unlike '<code>*</code>', +these repetition items will always match the <em>shortest</em> possible sequence; +</li> + +<li> +a single character class followed by '<code>?</code>', +which matches 0 or 1 occurrence of a character in the class; +</li> + +<li> +<code>%<em>n</em></code>, for <em>n</em> between 1 and 9; +such item matches a substring equal to the <em>n</em>-th captured string +(see below); +</li> + +<li> +<code>%b<em>xy</em></code>, where <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are two distinct characters; +such item matches strings that start with <em>x</em>, end with <em>y</em>, +and where the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are <em>balanced</em>. +This means that, if one reads the string from left to right, +counting <em>+1</em> for an <em>x</em> and <em>-1</em> for a <em>y</em>, +the ending <em>y</em> is the first <em>y</em> where the count reaches 0. +For instance, the item <code>%b()</code> matches expressions with +balanced parentheses. +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<h4>Pattern:</h4><p> +A <em>pattern</em> is a sequence of pattern items. +A '<code>^</code>' at the beginning of a pattern anchors the match at the +beginning of the subject string. +A '<code>$</code>' at the end of a pattern anchors the match at the +end of the subject string. +At other positions, +'<code>^</code>' and '<code>$</code>' have no special meaning and represent themselves. + + + + + +<h4>Captures:</h4><p> +A pattern can contain sub-patterns enclosed in parentheses; +they describe <em>captures</em>. +When a match succeeds, the substrings of the subject string +that match captures are stored (<em>captured</em>) for future use. +Captures are numbered according to their left parentheses. +For instance, in the pattern <code>"(a*(.)%w(%s*))"</code>, +the part of the string matching <code>"a*(.)%w(%s*)"</code> is +stored as the first capture (and therefore has number 1); +the character matching "<code>.</code>" is captured with number 2, +and the part matching "<code>%s*</code>" has number 3. + + +<p> +As a special case, the empty capture <code>()</code> captures +the current string position (a number). +For instance, if we apply the pattern <code>"()aa()"</code> on the +string <code>"flaaap"</code>, there will be two captures: 3 and 5. + + +<p> +A pattern cannot contain embedded zeros. Use <code>%z</code> instead. + + + + + + + + + + + +<h2>5.5 - <a name="5.5">Table Manipulation</a></h2><p> +This library provides generic functions for table manipulation. +It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-table"><code>table</code></a>. + + +<p> +Most functions in the table library assume that the table +represents an array or a list. +For these functions, when we talk about the "length" of a table +we mean the result of the length operator. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.concat"><code>table.concat (table [, sep [, i [, j]]])</code></a></h3> +Given an array where all elements are strings or numbers, +returns <code>table[i]..sep..table[i+1] ··· sep..table[j]</code>. +The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string, +the default for <code>i</code> is 1, +and the default for <code>j</code> is the length of the table. +If <code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>, returns the empty string. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.insert"><code>table.insert (table, [pos,] value)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Inserts element <code>value</code> at position <code>pos</code> in <code>table</code>, +shifting up other elements to open space, if necessary. +The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>n+1</code>, +where <code>n</code> is the length of the table (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>), +so that a call <code>table.insert(t,x)</code> inserts <code>x</code> at the end +of table <code>t</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.maxn"><code>table.maxn (table)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the largest positive numerical index of the given table, +or zero if the table has no positive numerical indices. +(To do its job this function does a linear traversal of +the whole table.) + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.remove"><code>table.remove (table [, pos])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Removes from <code>table</code> the element at position <code>pos</code>, +shifting down other elements to close the space, if necessary. +Returns the value of the removed element. +The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>n</code>, +where <code>n</code> is the length of the table, +so that a call <code>table.remove(t)</code> removes the last element +of table <code>t</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort (table [, comp])</code></a></h3> +Sorts table elements in a given order, <em>in-place</em>, +from <code>table[1]</code> to <code>table[n]</code>, +where <code>n</code> is the length of the table. +If <code>comp</code> is given, +then it must be a function that receives two table elements, +and returns true +when the first is less than the second +(so that <code>not comp(a[i+1],a[i])</code> will be true after the sort). +If <code>comp</code> is not given, +then the standard Lua operator <code><</code> is used instead. + + +<p> +The sort algorithm is not stable; +that is, elements considered equal by the given order +may have their relative positions changed by the sort. + + + + + + + +<h2>5.6 - <a name="5.6">Mathematical Functions</a></h2> + +<p> +This library is an interface to the standard C math library. +It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-math"><code>math</code></a>. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.abs"><code>math.abs (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the absolute value of <code>x</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.acos"><code>math.acos (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the arc cosine of <code>x</code> (in radians). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.asin"><code>math.asin (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the arc sine of <code>x</code> (in radians). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan"><code>math.atan (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the arc tangent of <code>x</code> (in radians). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan2"><code>math.atan2 (y, x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the arc tangent of <code>y/x</code> (in radians), +but uses the signs of both parameters to find the +quadrant of the result. +(It also handles correctly the case of <code>x</code> being zero.) + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ceil"><code>math.ceil (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to <code>x</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cos"><code>math.cos (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the cosine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cosh"><code>math.cosh (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the hyperbolic cosine of <code>x</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.deg"><code>math.deg (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in radians) in degrees. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.exp"><code>math.exp (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the value <em>e<sup>x</sup></em>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.floor"><code>math.floor (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to <code>x</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod (x, y)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the remainder of the division of <code>x</code> by <code>y</code> +that rounds the quotient towards zero. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.frexp"><code>math.frexp (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns <code>m</code> and <code>e</code> such that <em>x = m2<sup>e</sup></em>, +<code>e</code> is an integer and the absolute value of <code>m</code> is +in the range <em>[0.5, 1)</em> +(or zero when <code>x</code> is zero). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.huge"><code>math.huge</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +The value <code>HUGE_VAL</code>, +a value larger than or equal to any other numerical value. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ldexp"><code>math.ldexp (m, e)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns <em>m2<sup>e</sup></em> (<code>e</code> should be an integer). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log"><code>math.log (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the natural logarithm of <code>x</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log10"><code>math.log10 (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the base-10 logarithm of <code>x</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.max"><code>math.max (x, ···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the maximum value among its arguments. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.min"><code>math.min (x, ···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the minimum value among its arguments. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.modf"><code>math.modf (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns two numbers, +the integral part of <code>x</code> and the fractional part of <code>x</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pi"><code>math.pi</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +The value of <em>pi</em>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pow"><code>math.pow (x, y)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns <em>x<sup>y</sup></em>. +(You can also use the expression <code>x^y</code> to compute this value.) + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.rad"><code>math.rad (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in degrees) in radians. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.random"><code>math.random ([m [, n]])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function is an interface to the simple +pseudo-random generator function <code>rand</code> provided by ANSI C. +(No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties.) + + +<p> +When called without arguments, +returns a uniform pseudo-random real number +in the range <em>[0,1)</em>. +When called with an integer number <code>m</code>, +<code>math.random</code> returns +a uniform pseudo-random integer in the range <em>[1, m]</em>. +When called with two integer numbers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>, +<code>math.random</code> returns a uniform pseudo-random +integer in the range <em>[m, n]</em>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.randomseed"><code>math.randomseed (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets <code>x</code> as the "seed" +for the pseudo-random generator: +equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sin"><code>math.sin (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the sine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sinh"><code>math.sinh (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the hyperbolic sine of <code>x</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sqrt"><code>math.sqrt (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the square root of <code>x</code>. +(You can also use the expression <code>x^0.5</code> to compute this value.) + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tan"><code>math.tan (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the tangent of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tanh"><code>math.tanh (x)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the hyperbolic tangent of <code>x</code>. + + + + + + + +<h2>5.7 - <a name="5.7">Input and Output Facilities</a></h2> + +<p> +The I/O library provides two different styles for file manipulation. +The first one uses implicit file descriptors; +that is, there are operations to set a default input file and a +default output file, +and all input/output operations are over these default files. +The second style uses explicit file descriptors. + + +<p> +When using implicit file descriptors, +all operations are supplied by table <a name="pdf-io"><code>io</code></a>. +When using explicit file descriptors, +the operation <a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a> returns a file descriptor +and then all operations are supplied as methods of the file descriptor. + + +<p> +The table <code>io</code> also provides +three predefined file descriptors with their usual meanings from C: +<a name="pdf-io.stdin"><code>io.stdin</code></a>, <a name="pdf-io.stdout"><code>io.stdout</code></a>, and <a name="pdf-io.stderr"><code>io.stderr</code></a>. +The I/O library never closes these files. + + +<p> +Unless otherwise stated, +all I/O functions return <b>nil</b> on failure +(plus an error message as a second result and +a system-dependent error code as a third result) +and some value different from <b>nil</b> on success. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.close"><code>io.close ([file])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Equivalent to <code>file:close()</code>. +Without a <code>file</code>, closes the default output file. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Equivalent to <code>file:flush</code> over the default output file. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.input"><code>io.input ([file])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +When called with a file name, it opens the named file (in text mode), +and sets its handle as the default input file. +When called with a file handle, +it simply sets this file handle as the default input file. +When called without parameters, +it returns the current default input file. + + +<p> +In case of errors this function raises the error, +instead of returning an error code. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines ([filename])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Opens the given file name in read mode +and returns an iterator function that, +each time it is called, +returns a new line from the file. +Therefore, the construction + +<pre> + for line in io.lines(filename) do <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +will iterate over all lines of the file. +When the iterator function detects the end of file, +it returns <b>nil</b> (to finish the loop) and automatically closes the file. + + +<p> +The call <code>io.lines()</code> (with no file name) is equivalent +to <code>io.input():lines()</code>; +that is, it iterates over the lines of the default input file. +In this case it does not close the file when the loop ends. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.open"><code>io.open (filename [, mode])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function opens a file, +in the mode specified in the string <code>mode</code>. +It returns a new file handle, +or, in case of errors, <b>nil</b> plus an error message. + + +<p> +The <code>mode</code> string can be any of the following: + +<ul> +<li><b>"r":</b> read mode (the default);</li> +<li><b>"w":</b> write mode;</li> +<li><b>"a":</b> append mode;</li> +<li><b>"r+":</b> update mode, all previous data is preserved;</li> +<li><b>"w+":</b> update mode, all previous data is erased;</li> +<li><b>"a+":</b> append update mode, previous data is preserved, + writing is only allowed at the end of file.</li> +</ul><p> +The <code>mode</code> string can also have a '<code>b</code>' at the end, +which is needed in some systems to open the file in binary mode. +This string is exactly what is used in the +standard C function <code>fopen</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.output"><code>io.output ([file])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Similar to <a href="#pdf-io.input"><code>io.input</code></a>, but operates over the default output file. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen (prog [, mode])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Starts program <code>prog</code> in a separated process and returns +a file handle that you can use to read data from this program +(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"r"</code>, the default) +or to write data to this program +(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"w"</code>). + + +<p> +This function is system dependent and is not available +on all platforms. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.read"><code>io.read (···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Equivalent to <code>io.input():read</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns a handle for a temporary file. +This file is opened in update mode +and it is automatically removed when the program ends. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.type"><code>io.type (obj)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Checks whether <code>obj</code> is a valid file handle. +Returns the string <code>"file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is an open file handle, +<code>"closed file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is a closed file handle, +or <b>nil</b> if <code>obj</code> is not a file handle. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.write"><code>io.write (···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Equivalent to <code>io.output():write</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:close"><code>file:close ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Closes <code>file</code>. +Note that files are automatically closed when +their handles are garbage collected, +but that takes an unpredictable amount of time to happen. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:flush"><code>file:flush ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Saves any written data to <code>file</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:lines"><code>file:lines ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns an iterator function that, +each time it is called, +returns a new line from the file. +Therefore, the construction + +<pre> + for line in file:lines() do <em>body</em> end +</pre><p> +will iterate over all lines of the file. +(Unlike <a href="#pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines</code></a>, this function does not close the file +when the loop ends.) + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:read"><code>file:read (···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Reads the file <code>file</code>, +according to the given formats, which specify what to read. +For each format, +the function returns a string (or a number) with the characters read, +or <b>nil</b> if it cannot read data with the specified format. +When called without formats, +it uses a default format that reads the entire next line +(see below). + + +<p> +The available formats are + +<ul> + +<li><b>"*n":</b> +reads a number; +this is the only format that returns a number instead of a string. +</li> + +<li><b>"*a":</b> +reads the whole file, starting at the current position. +On end of file, it returns the empty string. +</li> + +<li><b>"*l":</b> +reads the next line (skipping the end of line), +returning <b>nil</b> on end of file. +This is the default format. +</li> + +<li><b><em>number</em>:</b> +reads a string with up to this number of characters, +returning <b>nil</b> on end of file. +If number is zero, +it reads nothing and returns an empty string, +or <b>nil</b> on end of file. +</li> + +</ul> + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek ([whence] [, offset])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets and gets the file position, +measured from the beginning of the file, +to the position given by <code>offset</code> plus a base +specified by the string <code>whence</code>, as follows: + +<ul> +<li><b>"set":</b> base is position 0 (beginning of the file);</li> +<li><b>"cur":</b> base is current position;</li> +<li><b>"end":</b> base is end of file;</li> +</ul><p> +In case of success, function <code>seek</code> returns the final file position, +measured in bytes from the beginning of the file. +If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>, +plus a string describing the error. + + +<p> +The default value for <code>whence</code> is <code>"cur"</code>, +and for <code>offset</code> is 0. +Therefore, the call <code>file:seek()</code> returns the current +file position, without changing it; +the call <code>file:seek("set")</code> sets the position to the +beginning of the file (and returns 0); +and the call <code>file:seek("end")</code> sets the position to the +end of the file, and returns its size. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:setvbuf"><code>file:setvbuf (mode [, size])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets the buffering mode for an output file. +There are three available modes: + +<ul> + +<li><b>"no":</b> +no buffering; the result of any output operation appears immediately. +</li> + +<li><b>"full":</b> +full buffering; output operation is performed only +when the buffer is full (or when you explicitly <code>flush</code> the file +(see <a href="#pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush</code></a>)). +</li> + +<li><b>"line":</b> +line buffering; output is buffered until a newline is output +or there is any input from some special files +(such as a terminal device). +</li> + +</ul><p> +For the last two cases, <code>size</code> +specifies the size of the buffer, in bytes. +The default is an appropriate size. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:write"><code>file:write (···)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Writes the value of each of its arguments to +the <code>file</code>. +The arguments must be strings or numbers. +To write other values, +use <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a> before <code>write</code>. + + + + + + + +<h2>5.8 - <a name="5.8">Operating System Facilities</a></h2> + +<p> +This library is implemented through table <a name="pdf-os"><code>os</code></a>. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.clock"><code>os.clock ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns an approximation of the amount in seconds of CPU time +used by the program. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.date"><code>os.date ([format [, time]])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns a string or a table containing date and time, +formatted according to the given string <code>format</code>. + + +<p> +If the <code>time</code> argument is present, +this is the time to be formatted +(see the <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a> function for a description of this value). +Otherwise, <code>date</code> formats the current time. + + +<p> +If <code>format</code> starts with '<code>!</code>', +then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time. +After this optional character, +if <code>format</code> is the string "<code>*t</code>", +then <code>date</code> returns a table with the following fields: +<code>year</code> (four digits), <code>month</code> (1--12), <code>day</code> (1--31), +<code>hour</code> (0--23), <code>min</code> (0--59), <code>sec</code> (0--61), +<code>wday</code> (weekday, Sunday is 1), +<code>yday</code> (day of the year), +and <code>isdst</code> (daylight saving flag, a boolean). + + +<p> +If <code>format</code> is not "<code>*t</code>", +then <code>date</code> returns the date as a string, +formatted according to the same rules as the C function <code>strftime</code>. + + +<p> +When called without arguments, +<code>date</code> returns a reasonable date and time representation that depends on +the host system and on the current locale +(that is, <code>os.date()</code> is equivalent to <code>os.date("%c")</code>). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime (t2, t1)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the number of seconds from time <code>t1</code> to time <code>t2</code>. +In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems, +this value is exactly <code>t2</code><em>-</em><code>t1</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute ([command])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function is equivalent to the C function <code>system</code>. +It passes <code>command</code> to be executed by an operating system shell. +It returns a status code, which is system-dependent. +If <code>command</code> is absent, then it returns nonzero if a shell is available +and zero otherwise. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit ([code])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Calls the C function <code>exit</code>, +with an optional <code>code</code>, +to terminate the host program. +The default value for <code>code</code> is the success code. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.getenv"><code>os.getenv (varname)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the value of the process environment variable <code>varname</code>, +or <b>nil</b> if the variable is not defined. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.remove"><code>os.remove (filename)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Deletes the file or directory with the given name. +Directories must be empty to be removed. +If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>, +plus a string describing the error. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename (oldname, newname)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Renames file or directory named <code>oldname</code> to <code>newname</code>. +If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>, +plus a string describing the error. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.setlocale"><code>os.setlocale (locale [, category])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets the current locale of the program. +<code>locale</code> is a string specifying a locale; +<code>category</code> is an optional string describing which category to change: +<code>"all"</code>, <code>"collate"</code>, <code>"ctype"</code>, +<code>"monetary"</code>, <code>"numeric"</code>, or <code>"time"</code>; +the default category is <code>"all"</code>. +The function returns the name of the new locale, +or <b>nil</b> if the request cannot be honored. + + +<p> +If <code>locale</code> is the empty string, +the current locale is set to an implementation-defined native locale. +If <code>locale</code> is the string "<code>C</code>", +the current locale is set to the standard C locale. + + +<p> +When called with <b>nil</b> as the first argument, +this function only returns the name of the current locale +for the given category. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.time"><code>os.time ([table])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the current time when called without arguments, +or a time representing the date and time specified by the given table. +This table must have fields <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, and <code>day</code>, +and may have fields <code>hour</code>, <code>min</code>, <code>sec</code>, and <code>isdst</code> +(for a description of these fields, see the <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> function). + + +<p> +The returned value is a number, whose meaning depends on your system. +In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems, this number counts the number +of seconds since some given start time (the "epoch"). +In other systems, the meaning is not specified, +and the number returned by <code>time</code> can be used only as an argument to +<code>date</code> and <code>difftime</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.tmpname"><code>os.tmpname ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns a string with a file name that can +be used for a temporary file. +The file must be explicitly opened before its use +and explicitly removed when no longer needed. + + +<p> +On some systems (POSIX), +this function also creates a file with that name, +to avoid security risks. +(Someone else might create the file with wrong permissions +in the time between getting the name and creating the file.) +You still have to open the file to use it +and to remove it (even if you do not use it). + + +<p> +When possible, +you may prefer to use <a href="#pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile</code></a>, +which automatically removes the file when the program ends. + + + + + + + +<h2>5.9 - <a name="5.9">The Debug Library</a></h2> + +<p> +This library provides +the functionality of the debug interface to Lua programs. +You should exert care when using this library. +The functions provided here should be used exclusively for debugging +and similar tasks, such as profiling. +Please resist the temptation to use them as a +usual programming tool: +they can be very slow. +Moreover, several of these functions +violate some assumptions about Lua code +(e.g., that variables local to a function +cannot be accessed from outside or +that userdata metatables cannot be changed by Lua code) +and therefore can compromise otherwise secure code. + + +<p> +All functions in this library are provided +inside the <a name="pdf-debug"><code>debug</code></a> table. +All functions that operate over a thread +have an optional first argument which is the +thread to operate over. +The default is always the current thread. + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.debug"><code>debug.debug ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Enters an interactive mode with the user, +running each string that the user enters. +Using simple commands and other debug facilities, +the user can inspect global and local variables, +change their values, evaluate expressions, and so on. +A line containing only the word <code>cont</code> finishes this function, +so that the caller continues its execution. + + +<p> +Note that commands for <code>debug.debug</code> are not lexically nested +within any function, and so have no direct access to local variables. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getfenv"><code>debug.getfenv (o)</code></a></h3> +Returns the environment of object <code>o</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.gethook"><code>debug.gethook ([thread])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the current hook settings of the thread, as three values: +the current hook function, the current hook mask, +and the current hook count +(as set by the <a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> function). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo ([thread,] function [, what])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns a table with information about a function. +You can give the function directly, +or you can give a number as the value of <code>function</code>, +which means the function running at level <code>function</code> of the call stack +of the given thread: +level 0 is the current function (<code>getinfo</code> itself); +level 1 is the function that called <code>getinfo</code>; +and so on. +If <code>function</code> is a number larger than the number of active functions, +then <code>getinfo</code> returns <b>nil</b>. + + +<p> +The returned table can contain all the fields returned by <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>, +with the string <code>what</code> describing which fields to fill in. +The default for <code>what</code> is to get all information available, +except the table of valid lines. +If present, +the option '<code>f</code>' +adds a field named <code>func</code> with the function itself. +If present, +the option '<code>L</code>' +adds a field named <code>activelines</code> with the table of +valid lines. + + +<p> +For instance, the expression <code>debug.getinfo(1,"n").name</code> returns +a table with a name for the current function, +if a reasonable name can be found, +and the expression <code>debug.getinfo(print)</code> +returns a table with all available information +about the <a href="#pdf-print"><code>print</code></a> function. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal ([thread,] level, local)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function returns the name and the value of the local variable +with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack. +(The first parameter or local variable has index 1, and so on, +until the last active local variable.) +The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local +variable with the given index, +and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range. +(You can call <a href="#pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo</code></a> to check whether the level is valid.) + + +<p> +Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parentheses) +represent internal variables +(loop control variables, temporaries, and C function locals). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getmetatable"><code>debug.getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the metatable of the given <code>object</code> +or <b>nil</b> if it does not have a metatable. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getregistry"><code>debug.getregistry ()</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns the registry table (see <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue (func, up)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function returns the name and the value of the upvalue +with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>func</code>. +The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue with the given index. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setfenv"><code>debug.setfenv (object, table)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets the environment of the given <code>object</code> to the given <code>table</code>. +Returns <code>object</code>. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets the given function as a hook. +The string <code>mask</code> and the number <code>count</code> describe +when the hook will be called. +The string mask may have the following characters, +with the given meaning: + +<ul> +<li><b><code>"c"</code>:</b> the hook is called every time Lua calls a function;</li> +<li><b><code>"r"</code>:</b> the hook is called every time Lua returns from a function;</li> +<li><b><code>"l"</code>:</b> the hook is called every time Lua enters a new line of code.</li> +</ul><p> +With a <code>count</code> different from zero, +the hook is called after every <code>count</code> instructions. + + +<p> +When called without arguments, +<a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> turns off the hook. + + +<p> +When the hook is called, its first parameter is a string +describing the event that has triggered its call: +<code>"call"</code>, <code>"return"</code> (or <code>"tail return"</code>, +when simulating a return from a tail call), +<code>"line"</code>, and <code>"count"</code>. +For line events, +the hook also gets the new line number as its second parameter. +Inside a hook, +you can call <code>getinfo</code> with level 2 to get more information about +the running function +(level 0 is the <code>getinfo</code> function, +and level 1 is the hook function), +unless the event is <code>"tail return"</code>. +In this case, Lua is only simulating the return, +and a call to <code>getinfo</code> will return invalid data. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setlocal"><code>debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the local variable +with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack. +The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local +variable with the given index, +and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range. +(You can call <code>getinfo</code> to check whether the level is valid.) +Otherwise, it returns the name of the local variable. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setmetatable"><code>debug.setmetatable (object, table)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Sets the metatable for the given <code>object</code> to the given <code>table</code> +(which can be <b>nil</b>). + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setupvalue"><code>debug.setupvalue (func, up, value)</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the upvalue +with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>func</code>. +The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue +with the given index. +Otherwise, it returns the name of the upvalue. + + + + +<p> +<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.traceback"><code>debug.traceback ([thread,] [message [, level]])</code></a></h3> + + +<p> +Returns a string with a traceback of the call stack. +An optional <code>message</code> string is appended +at the beginning of the traceback. +An optional <code>level</code> number tells at which level +to start the traceback +(default is 1, the function calling <code>traceback</code>). + + + + + + + +<h1>6 - <a name="6">Lua Stand-alone</a></h1> + +<p> +Although Lua has been designed as an extension language, +to be embedded in a host C program, +it is also frequently used as a stand-alone language. +An interpreter for Lua as a stand-alone language, +called simply <code>lua</code>, +is provided with the standard distribution. +The stand-alone interpreter includes +all standard libraries, including the debug library. +Its usage is: + +<pre> + lua [options] [script [args]] +</pre><p> +The options are: + +<ul> +<li><b><code>-e <em>stat</em></code>:</b> executes string <em>stat</em>;</li> +<li><b><code>-l <em>mod</em></code>:</b> "requires" <em>mod</em>;</li> +<li><b><code>-i</code>:</b> enters interactive mode after running <em>script</em>;</li> +<li><b><code>-v</code>:</b> prints version information;</li> +<li><b><code>--</code>:</b> stops handling options;</li> +<li><b><code>-</code>:</b> executes <code>stdin</code> as a file and stops handling options.</li> +</ul><p> +After handling its options, <code>lua</code> runs the given <em>script</em>, +passing to it the given <em>args</em> as string arguments. +When called without arguments, +<code>lua</code> behaves as <code>lua -v -i</code> +when the standard input (<code>stdin</code>) is a terminal, +and as <code>lua -</code> otherwise. + + +<p> +Before running any argument, +the interpreter checks for an environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT"><code>LUA_INIT</code></a>. +If its format is <code>@<em>filename</em></code>, +then <code>lua</code> executes the file. +Otherwise, <code>lua</code> executes the string itself. + + +<p> +All options are handled in order, except <code>-i</code>. +For instance, an invocation like + +<pre> + $ lua -e'a=1' -e 'print(a)' script.lua +</pre><p> +will first set <code>a</code> to 1, then print the value of <code>a</code> (which is '<code>1</code>'), +and finally run the file <code>script.lua</code> with no arguments. +(Here <code>$</code> is the shell prompt. Your prompt may be different.) + + +<p> +Before starting to run the script, +<code>lua</code> collects all arguments in the command line +in a global table called <code>arg</code>. +The script name is stored at index 0, +the first argument after the script name goes to index 1, +and so on. +Any arguments before the script name +(that is, the interpreter name plus the options) +go to negative indices. +For instance, in the call + +<pre> + $ lua -la b.lua t1 t2 +</pre><p> +the interpreter first runs the file <code>a.lua</code>, +then creates a table + +<pre> + arg = { [-2] = "lua", [-1] = "-la", + [0] = "b.lua", + [1] = "t1", [2] = "t2" } +</pre><p> +and finally runs the file <code>b.lua</code>. +The script is called with <code>arg[1]</code>, <code>arg[2]</code>, ··· +as arguments; +it can also access these arguments with the vararg expression '<code>...</code>'. + + +<p> +In interactive mode, +if you write an incomplete statement, +the interpreter waits for its completion +by issuing a different prompt. + + +<p> +If the global variable <a name="pdf-_PROMPT"><code>_PROMPT</code></a> contains a string, +then its value is used as the prompt. +Similarly, if the global variable <a name="pdf-_PROMPT2"><code>_PROMPT2</code></a> contains a string, +its value is used as the secondary prompt +(issued during incomplete statements). +Therefore, both prompts can be changed directly on the command line +or in any Lua programs by assigning to <code>_PROMPT</code>. +See the next example: + +<pre> + $ lua -e"_PROMPT='myprompt> '" -i +</pre><p> +(The outer pair of quotes is for the shell, +the inner pair is for Lua.) +Note the use of <code>-i</code> to enter interactive mode; +otherwise, +the program would just end silently +right after the assignment to <code>_PROMPT</code>. + + +<p> +To allow the use of Lua as a +script interpreter in Unix systems, +the stand-alone interpreter skips +the first line of a chunk if it starts with <code>#</code>. +Therefore, Lua scripts can be made into executable programs +by using <code>chmod +x</code> and the <code>#!</code> form, +as in + +<pre> + #!/usr/local/bin/lua +</pre><p> +(Of course, +the location of the Lua interpreter may be different in your machine. +If <code>lua</code> is in your <code>PATH</code>, +then + +<pre> + #!/usr/bin/env lua +</pre><p> +is a more portable solution.) + + + +<h1>7 - <a name="7">Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</a></h1> + +<p> +Here we list the incompatibilities that you may find when moving a program +from Lua 5.0 to Lua 5.1. +You can avoid most of the incompatibilities compiling Lua with +appropriate options (see file <code>luaconf.h</code>). +However, +all these compatibility options will be removed in the next version of Lua. + + + +<h2>7.1 - <a name="7.1">Changes in the Language</a></h2> +<ul> + +<li> +The vararg system changed from the pseudo-argument <code>arg</code> with a +table with the extra arguments to the vararg expression. +(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_VARARG</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.) +</li> + +<li> +There was a subtle change in the scope of the implicit +variables of the <b>for</b> statement and for the <b>repeat</b> statement. +</li> + +<li> +The long string/long comment syntax (<code>[[<em>string</em>]]</code>) +does not allow nesting. +You can use the new syntax (<code>[=[<em>string</em>]=]</code>) in these cases. +(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_LSTR</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.) +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<h2>7.2 - <a name="7.2">Changes in the Libraries</a></h2> +<ul> + +<li> +Function <code>string.gfind</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch</code></a>. +(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_GFIND</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.) +</li> + +<li> +When <a href="#pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub</code></a> is called with a function as its +third argument, +whenever this function returns <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b> the +replacement string is the whole match, +instead of the empty string. +</li> + +<li> +Function <code>table.setn</code> was deprecated. +Function <code>table.getn</code> corresponds +to the new length operator (<code>#</code>); +use the operator instead of the function. +(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_GETN</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.) +</li> + +<li> +Function <code>loadlib</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib</code></a>. +(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.) +</li> + +<li> +Function <code>math.mod</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod</code></a>. +(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_MOD</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.) +</li> + +<li> +Functions <code>table.foreach</code> and <code>table.foreachi</code> are deprecated. +You can use a for loop with <code>pairs</code> or <code>ipairs</code> instead. +</li> + +<li> +There were substantial changes in function <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> due to +the new module system. +However, the new behavior is mostly compatible with the old, +but <code>require</code> gets the path from <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a> instead +of from <code>LUA_PATH</code>. +</li> + +<li> +Function <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> has different arguments. +Function <code>gcinfo</code> is deprecated; +use <code>collectgarbage("count")</code> instead. +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<h2>7.3 - <a name="7.3">Changes in the API</a></h2> +<ul> + +<li> +The <code>luaopen_*</code> functions (to open libraries) +cannot be called directly, +like a regular C function. +They must be called through Lua, +like a Lua function. +</li> + +<li> +Function <code>lua_open</code> was replaced by <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> to +allow the user to set a memory-allocation function. +You can use <a href="#luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a> from the standard library to +create a state with a standard allocation function +(based on <code>realloc</code>). +</li> + +<li> +Functions <code>luaL_getn</code> and <code>luaL_setn</code> +(from the auxiliary library) are deprecated. +Use <a href="#lua_objlen"><code>lua_objlen</code></a> instead of <code>luaL_getn</code> +and nothing instead of <code>luaL_setn</code>. +</li> + +<li> +Function <code>luaL_openlib</code> was replaced by <a href="#luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a>. +</li> + +<li> +Function <code>luaL_checkudata</code> now throws an error when the given value +is not a userdata of the expected type. +(In Lua 5.0 it returned <code>NULL</code>.) +</li> + +</ul> + + + + +<h1>8 - <a name="8">The Complete Syntax of Lua</a></h1> + +<p> +Here is the complete syntax of Lua in extended BNF. +(It does not describe operator precedences.) + + + + +<pre> + + chunk ::= {stat [`<b>;</b>´]} [laststat [`<b>;</b>´]] + + block ::= chunk + + stat ::= varlist `<b>=</b>´ explist | + functioncall | + <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | + <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | + <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp | + <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b> | + <b>for</b> Name `<b>=</b>´ exp `<b>,</b>´ exp [`<b>,</b>´ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | + <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | + <b>function</b> funcname funcbody | + <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody | + <b>local</b> namelist [`<b>=</b>´ explist] + + laststat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] | <b>break</b> + + funcname ::= Name {`<b>.</b>´ Name} [`<b>:</b>´ Name] + + varlist ::= var {`<b>,</b>´ var} + + var ::= Name | prefixexp `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ | prefixexp `<b>.</b>´ Name + + namelist ::= Name {`<b>,</b>´ Name} + + explist ::= {exp `<b>,</b>´} exp + + exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> | Number | String | `<b>...</b>´ | function | + prefixexp | tableconstructor | exp binop exp | unop exp + + prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | `<b>(</b>´ exp `<b>)</b>´ + + functioncall ::= prefixexp args | prefixexp `<b>:</b>´ Name args + + args ::= `<b>(</b>´ [explist] `<b>)</b>´ | tableconstructor | String + + function ::= <b>function</b> funcbody + + funcbody ::= `<b>(</b>´ [parlist] `<b>)</b>´ block <b>end</b> + + parlist ::= namelist [`<b>,</b>´ `<b>...</b>´] | `<b>...</b>´ + + tableconstructor ::= `<b>{</b>´ [fieldlist] `<b>}</b>´ + + fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep] + + field ::= `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ `<b>=</b>´ exp | Name `<b>=</b>´ exp | exp + + fieldsep ::= `<b>,</b>´ | `<b>;</b>´ + + binop ::= `<b>+</b>´ | `<b>-</b>´ | `<b>*</b>´ | `<b>/</b>´ | `<b>^</b>´ | `<b>%</b>´ | `<b>..</b>´ | + `<b><</b>´ | `<b><=</b>´ | `<b>></b>´ | `<b>>=</b>´ | `<b>==</b>´ | `<b>~=</b>´ | + <b>and</b> | <b>or</b> + + unop ::= `<b>-</b>´ | <b>not</b> | `<b>#</b>´ + +</pre> + +<p> + + + + + + + +<HR> +<SMALL CLASS="footer"> +Last update: +Mon Feb 13 18:54:19 BRST 2012 +</SMALL> +<!-- +Last change: revised for Lua 5.1.5 +--> + +</body></html> + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/readme.html b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/readme.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ed6a81 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/doc/readme.html @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<TITLE>Lua documentation</TITLE> +<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css"> +</HEAD> + +<BODY> + +<HR> +<H1> +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua" BORDER=0></A> +Documentation +</H1> + +This is the documentation included in the source distribution of Lua 5.1.5. + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="contents.html">Reference manual</A> +<LI><A HREF="lua.html">lua man page</A> +<LI><A HREF="luac.html">luac man page</A> +<LI><A HREF="../README">lua/README</A> +<LI><A HREF="../etc/README">lua/etc/README</A> +<LI><A HREF="../test/README">lua/test/README</A> +</UL> + +Lua's +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">official web site</A> +contains updated documentation, +especially the +<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/">reference manual</A>. +<P> + +<HR> +<SMALL> +Last update: +Fri Feb 3 09:44:42 BRST 2012 +</SMALL> + +</BODY> +</HTML> diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/Makefile b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d00008 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# makefile for Lua etc + +TOP= .. +LIB= $(TOP)/src +INC= $(TOP)/src +BIN= $(TOP)/src +SRC= $(TOP)/src +TST= $(TOP)/test + +CC= gcc +CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall -I$(INC) $(MYCFLAGS) +MYCFLAGS= +MYLDFLAGS= -Wl,-E +MYLIBS= -lm +#MYLIBS= -lm -Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses +RM= rm -f + +default: + @echo 'Please choose a target: min noparser one strict clean' + +min: min.c + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $@.c -L$(LIB) -llua $(MYLIBS) + echo 'print"Hello there!"' | ./a.out + +noparser: noparser.o + $(CC) noparser.o $(SRC)/lua.o -L$(LIB) -llua $(MYLIBS) + $(BIN)/luac $(TST)/hello.lua + -./a.out luac.out + -./a.out -e'a=1' + +one: + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) all.c $(MYLIBS) + ./a.out $(TST)/hello.lua + +strict: + -$(BIN)/lua -e 'print(a);b=2' + -$(BIN)/lua -lstrict -e 'print(a)' + -$(BIN)/lua -e 'function f() b=2 end f()' + -$(BIN)/lua -lstrict -e 'function f() b=2 end f()' + +clean: + $(RM) a.out core core.* *.o luac.out + +.PHONY: default min noparser one strict clean diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/README b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5149fc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/README @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +This directory contains some useful files and code. +Unlike the code in ../src, everything here is in the public domain. + +If any of the makes fail, you're probably not using the same libraries +used to build Lua. Set MYLIBS in Makefile accordingly. + +all.c + Full Lua interpreter in a single file. + Do "make one" for a demo. + +lua.hpp + Lua header files for C++ using 'extern "C"'. + +lua.ico + A Lua icon for Windows (and web sites: save as favicon.ico). + Drawn by hand by Markus Gritsch <gritsch@iue.tuwien.ac.at>. + +lua.pc + pkg-config data for Lua + +luavs.bat + Script to build Lua under "Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt". + Run it from the toplevel as etc\luavs.bat. + +min.c + A minimal Lua interpreter. + Good for learning and for starting your own. + Do "make min" for a demo. + +noparser.c + Linking with noparser.o avoids loading the parsing modules in lualib.a. + Do "make noparser" for a demo. + +strict.lua + Traps uses of undeclared global variables. + Do "make strict" for a demo. + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/all.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/all.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dab68fa --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/all.c @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +/* +* all.c -- Lua core, libraries and interpreter in a single file +*/ + +#define luaall_c + +#include "lapi.c" +#include "lcode.c" +#include "ldebug.c" +#include "ldo.c" +#include "ldump.c" +#include "lfunc.c" +#include "lgc.c" +#include "llex.c" +#include "lmem.c" +#include "lobject.c" +#include "lopcodes.c" +#include "lparser.c" +#include "lstate.c" +#include "lstring.c" +#include "ltable.c" +#include "ltm.c" +#include "lundump.c" +#include "lvm.c" +#include "lzio.c" + +#include "lauxlib.c" +#include "lbaselib.c" +#include "ldblib.c" +#include "liolib.c" +#include "linit.c" +#include "lmathlib.c" +#include "loadlib.c" +#include "loslib.c" +#include "lstrlib.c" +#include "ltablib.c" + +#include "lua.c" diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.hpp b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.hpp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec417f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.hpp @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// lua.hpp +// Lua header files for C++ +// <<extern "C">> not supplied automatically because Lua also compiles as C++ + +extern "C" { +#include "lua.h" +#include "lualib.h" +#include "lauxlib.h" +} diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.ico b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.ico Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccbabc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.ico diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.pc b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.pc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07e2852 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/lua.pc @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# lua.pc -- pkg-config data for Lua + +# vars from install Makefile + +# grep '^V=' ../Makefile +V= 5.1 +# grep '^R=' ../Makefile +R= 5.1.5 + +# grep '^INSTALL_.*=' ../Makefile | sed 's/INSTALL_TOP/prefix/' +prefix= /usr/local +INSTALL_BIN= ${prefix}/bin +INSTALL_INC= ${prefix}/include +INSTALL_LIB= ${prefix}/lib +INSTALL_MAN= ${prefix}/man/man1 +INSTALL_LMOD= ${prefix}/share/lua/${V} +INSTALL_CMOD= ${prefix}/lib/lua/${V} + +# canonical vars +exec_prefix=${prefix} +libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib +includedir=${prefix}/include + +Name: Lua +Description: An Extensible Extension Language +Version: ${R} +Requires: +Libs: -L${libdir} -llua -lm +Cflags: -I${includedir} + +# (end of lua.pc) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/luavs.bat b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/luavs.bat new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08c2bed --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/luavs.bat @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +@rem Script to build Lua under "Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt".
+@rem Do not run from this directory; run it from the toplevel: etc\luavs.bat .
+@rem It creates lua51.dll, lua51.lib, lua.exe, and luac.exe in src.
+@rem (contributed by David Manura and Mike Pall)
+
+@setlocal
+@set MYCOMPILE=cl /nologo /MD /O2 /W3 /c /D_CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE
+@set MYLINK=link /nologo
+@set MYMT=mt /nologo
+
+cd src
+%MYCOMPILE% /DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL l*.c
+del lua.obj luac.obj
+%MYLINK% /DLL /out:lua51.dll l*.obj
+if exist lua51.dll.manifest^
+ %MYMT% -manifest lua51.dll.manifest -outputresource:lua51.dll;2
+%MYCOMPILE% /DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL lua.c
+%MYLINK% /out:lua.exe lua.obj lua51.lib
+if exist lua.exe.manifest^
+ %MYMT% -manifest lua.exe.manifest -outputresource:lua.exe
+%MYCOMPILE% l*.c print.c
+del lua.obj linit.obj lbaselib.obj ldblib.obj liolib.obj lmathlib.obj^
+ loslib.obj ltablib.obj lstrlib.obj loadlib.obj
+%MYLINK% /out:luac.exe *.obj
+if exist luac.exe.manifest^
+ %MYMT% -manifest luac.exe.manifest -outputresource:luac.exe
+del *.obj *.manifest
+cd ..
diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/min.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/min.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a85a4d --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/min.c @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +/* +* min.c -- a minimal Lua interpreter +* loads stdin only with minimal error handling. +* no interaction, and no standard library, only a "print" function. +*/ + +#include <stdio.h> + +#include "lua.h" +#include "lauxlib.h" + +static int print(lua_State *L) +{ + int n=lua_gettop(L); + int i; + for (i=1; i<=n; i++) + { + if (i>1) printf("\t"); + if (lua_isstring(L,i)) + printf("%s",lua_tostring(L,i)); + else if (lua_isnil(L,i)) + printf("%s","nil"); + else if (lua_isboolean(L,i)) + printf("%s",lua_toboolean(L,i) ? "true" : "false"); + else + printf("%s:%p",luaL_typename(L,i),lua_topointer(L,i)); + } + printf("\n"); + return 0; +} + +int main(void) +{ + lua_State *L=lua_open(); + lua_register(L,"print",print); + if (luaL_dofile(L,NULL)!=0) fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",lua_tostring(L,-1)); + lua_close(L); + return 0; +} diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/noparser.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/noparser.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13ba546 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/noparser.c @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +/* +* The code below can be used to make a Lua core that does not contain the +* parsing modules (lcode, llex, lparser), which represent 35% of the total core. +* You'll only be able to load binary files and strings, precompiled with luac. +* (Of course, you'll have to build luac with the original parsing modules!) +* +* To use this module, simply compile it ("make noparser" does that) and list +* its object file before the Lua libraries. The linker should then not load +* the parsing modules. To try it, do "make luab". +* +* If you also want to avoid the dump module (ldump.o), define NODUMP. +* #define NODUMP +*/ + +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "llex.h" +#include "lparser.h" +#include "lzio.h" + +LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L) { + UNUSED(L); +} + +LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff, const char *name) { + UNUSED(z); + UNUSED(buff); + UNUSED(name); + lua_pushliteral(L,"parser not loaded"); + lua_error(L); + return NULL; +} + +#ifdef NODUMP +#include "lundump.h" + +LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip) { + UNUSED(f); + UNUSED(w); + UNUSED(data); + UNUSED(strip); +#if 1 + UNUSED(L); + return 0; +#else + lua_pushliteral(L,"dumper not loaded"); + lua_error(L); +#endif +} +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/strict.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/strict.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..604619d --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/etc/strict.lua @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +-- +-- strict.lua +-- checks uses of undeclared global variables +-- All global variables must be 'declared' through a regular assignment +-- (even assigning nil will do) in a main chunk before being used +-- anywhere or assigned to inside a function. +-- + +local getinfo, error, rawset, rawget = debug.getinfo, error, rawset, rawget + +local mt = getmetatable(_G) +if mt == nil then + mt = {} + setmetatable(_G, mt) +end + +mt.__declared = {} + +local function what () + local d = getinfo(3, "S") + return d and d.what or "C" +end + +mt.__newindex = function (t, n, v) + if not mt.__declared[n] then + local w = what() + if w ~= "main" and w ~= "C" then + error("assign to undeclared variable '"..n.."'", 2) + end + mt.__declared[n] = true + end + rawset(t, n, v) +end + +mt.__index = function (t, n) + if not mt.__declared[n] and what() ~= "C" then + error("variable '"..n.."' is not declared", 2) + end + return rawget(t, n) +end + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/Makefile b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0d4c9f --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +# makefile for building Lua +# see ../INSTALL for installation instructions +# see ../Makefile and luaconf.h for further customization + +# == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT ======================= + +# Your platform. See PLATS for possible values. +PLAT= none + +CC= gcc +CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall $(MYCFLAGS) +AR= ar rcu +RANLIB= ranlib +RM= rm -f +LIBS= -lm $(MYLIBS) + +MYCFLAGS= +MYLDFLAGS= +MYLIBS= + +# == END OF USER SETTINGS. NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ========= + +PLATS= aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris + +LUA_A= liblua.a +CORE_O= lapi.o lcode.o ldebug.o ldo.o ldump.o lfunc.o lgc.o llex.o lmem.o \ + lobject.o lopcodes.o lparser.o lstate.o lstring.o ltable.o ltm.o \ + lundump.o lvm.o lzio.o +LIB_O= lauxlib.o lbaselib.o ldblib.o liolib.o lmathlib.o loslib.o ltablib.o \ + lstrlib.o loadlib.o linit.o + +LUA_T= lua +LUA_O= lua.o + +LUAC_T= luac +LUAC_O= luac.o print.o + +ALL_O= $(CORE_O) $(LIB_O) $(LUA_O) $(LUAC_O) +ALL_T= $(LUA_A) $(LUA_T) $(LUAC_T) +ALL_A= $(LUA_A) + +default: $(PLAT) + +all: $(ALL_T) + +o: $(ALL_O) + +a: $(ALL_A) + +$(LUA_A): $(CORE_O) $(LIB_O) + $(AR) $@ $(CORE_O) $(LIB_O) # DLL needs all object files + $(RANLIB) $@ + +$(LUA_T): $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A) + $(CC) -o $@ $(MYLDFLAGS) $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS) + +$(LUAC_T): $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A) + $(CC) -o $@ $(MYLDFLAGS) $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS) + +clean: + $(RM) $(ALL_T) $(ALL_O) + +depend: + @$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MM l*.c print.c + +echo: + @echo "PLAT = $(PLAT)" + @echo "CC = $(CC)" + @echo "CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)" + @echo "AR = $(AR)" + @echo "RANLIB = $(RANLIB)" + @echo "RM = $(RM)" + @echo "MYCFLAGS = $(MYCFLAGS)" + @echo "MYLDFLAGS = $(MYLDFLAGS)" + @echo "MYLIBS = $(MYLIBS)" + +# convenience targets for popular platforms + +none: + @echo "Please choose a platform:" + @echo " $(PLATS)" + +aix: + $(MAKE) all CC="xlc" CFLAGS="-O2 -DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" MYLIBS="-ldl" MYLDFLAGS="-brtl -bexpall" + +ansi: + $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_ANSI + +bsd: + $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" MYLIBS="-Wl,-E" + +freebsd: + $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX" MYLIBS="-Wl,-E -lreadline" + +generic: + $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS= + +linux: + $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_LINUX MYLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses" + +macosx: + $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_LINUX MYLIBS="-lreadline" +# use this on Mac OS X 10.3- +# $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_MACOSX + +mingw: + $(MAKE) "LUA_A=lua51.dll" "LUA_T=lua.exe" \ + "AR=$(CC) -shared -o" "RANLIB=strip --strip-unneeded" \ + "MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL" "MYLIBS=" "MYLDFLAGS=-s" lua.exe + $(MAKE) "LUAC_T=luac.exe" luac.exe + +posix: + $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_POSIX + +solaris: + $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" MYLIBS="-ldl" + +# list targets that do not create files (but not all makes understand .PHONY) +.PHONY: all $(PLATS) default o a clean depend echo none + +# DO NOT DELETE + +lapi.o: lapi.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h lobject.h llimits.h ldebug.h \ + lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h \ + lundump.h lvm.h +lauxlib.o: lauxlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h +lbaselib.o: lbaselib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +lcode.o: lcode.c lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h llimits.h \ + lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h lgc.h \ + ltable.h +ldblib.o: ldblib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +ldebug.o: ldebug.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h lobject.h llimits.h lcode.h \ + llex.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h \ + lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h lvm.h +ldo.o: ldo.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \ + lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lparser.h lstring.h \ + ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h +ldump.o: ldump.c lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h \ + lzio.h lmem.h lundump.h +lfunc.o: lfunc.c lua.h luaconf.h lfunc.h lobject.h llimits.h lgc.h lmem.h \ + lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h +lgc.o: lgc.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \ + lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h +linit.o: linit.c lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h +liolib.o: liolib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +llex.o: llex.c lua.h luaconf.h ldo.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h \ + lzio.h lmem.h llex.h lparser.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h +lmathlib.o: lmathlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +lmem.o: lmem.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \ + ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h +loadlib.o: loadlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +lobject.o: lobject.c lua.h luaconf.h ldo.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h \ + ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lstring.h lgc.h lvm.h +lopcodes.o: lopcodes.c lopcodes.h llimits.h lua.h luaconf.h +loslib.o: loslib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +lparser.o: lparser.c lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h llimits.h \ + lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h \ + lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h +lstate.o: lstate.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \ + ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h llex.h lstring.h ltable.h +lstring.o: lstring.c lua.h luaconf.h lmem.h llimits.h lobject.h lstate.h \ + ltm.h lzio.h lstring.h lgc.h +lstrlib.o: lstrlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +ltable.o: ltable.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \ + ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h ltable.h +ltablib.o: ltablib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +ltm.o: ltm.c lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h \ + lmem.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h +lua.o: lua.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h +luac.o: luac.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h ldo.h lobject.h llimits.h \ + lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lfunc.h lopcodes.h lstring.h lgc.h \ + lundump.h +lundump.o: lundump.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \ + llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h lundump.h +lvm.o: lvm.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \ + lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h +lzio.o: lzio.c lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h lmem.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h \ + lzio.h +print.o: print.c ldebug.h lstate.h lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h \ + ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lundump.h + +# (end of Makefile) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lapi.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lapi.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d5145d --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lapi.c @@ -0,0 +1,1087 @@ +/* +** $Id: lapi.c,v 2.55.1.5 2008/07/04 18:41:18 roberto Exp $ +** Lua API +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <assert.h> +#include <math.h> +#include <stdarg.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define lapi_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lapi.h" +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lgc.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" +#include "ltm.h" +#include "lundump.h" +#include "lvm.h" + + + +const char lua_ident[] = + "$Lua: " LUA_RELEASE " " LUA_COPYRIGHT " $\n" + "$Authors: " LUA_AUTHORS " $\n" + "$URL: www.lua.org $\n"; + + + +#define api_checknelems(L, n) api_check(L, (n) <= (L->top - L->base)) + +#define api_checkvalidindex(L, i) api_check(L, (i) != luaO_nilobject) + +#define api_incr_top(L) {api_check(L, L->top < L->ci->top); L->top++;} + + + +static TValue *index2adr (lua_State *L, int idx) { + if (idx > 0) { + TValue *o = L->base + (idx - 1); + api_check(L, idx <= L->ci->top - L->base); + if (o >= L->top) return cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject); + else return o; + } + else if (idx > LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) { + api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top - L->base); + return L->top + idx; + } + else switch (idx) { /* pseudo-indices */ + case LUA_REGISTRYINDEX: return registry(L); + case LUA_ENVIRONINDEX: { + Closure *func = curr_func(L); + sethvalue(L, &L->env, func->c.env); + return &L->env; + } + case LUA_GLOBALSINDEX: return gt(L); + default: { + Closure *func = curr_func(L); + idx = LUA_GLOBALSINDEX - idx; + return (idx <= func->c.nupvalues) + ? &func->c.upvalue[idx-1] + : cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject); + } + } +} + + +static Table *getcurrenv (lua_State *L) { + if (L->ci == L->base_ci) /* no enclosing function? */ + return hvalue(gt(L)); /* use global table as environment */ + else { + Closure *func = curr_func(L); + return func->c.env; + } +} + + +void luaA_pushobject (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) { + setobj2s(L, L->top, o); + api_incr_top(L); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int size) { + int res = 1; + lua_lock(L); + if (size > LUAI_MAXCSTACK || (L->top - L->base + size) > LUAI_MAXCSTACK) + res = 0; /* stack overflow */ + else if (size > 0) { + luaD_checkstack(L, size); + if (L->ci->top < L->top + size) + L->ci->top = L->top + size; + } + lua_unlock(L); + return res; +} + + +LUA_API void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n) { + int i; + if (from == to) return; + lua_lock(to); + api_checknelems(from, n); + api_check(from, G(from) == G(to)); + api_check(from, to->ci->top - to->top >= n); + from->top -= n; + for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { + setobj2s(to, to->top++, from->top + i); + } + lua_unlock(to); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_setlevel (lua_State *from, lua_State *to) { + to->nCcalls = from->nCcalls; +} + + +LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf) { + lua_CFunction old; + lua_lock(L); + old = G(L)->panic; + G(L)->panic = panicf; + lua_unlock(L); + return old; +} + + +LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) { + lua_State *L1; + lua_lock(L); + luaC_checkGC(L); + L1 = luaE_newthread(L); + setthvalue(L, L->top, L1); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); + luai_userstatethread(L, L1); + return L1; +} + + + +/* +** basic stack manipulation +*/ + + +LUA_API int lua_gettop (lua_State *L) { + return cast_int(L->top - L->base); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int idx) { + lua_lock(L); + if (idx >= 0) { + api_check(L, idx <= L->stack_last - L->base); + while (L->top < L->base + idx) + setnilvalue(L->top++); + L->top = L->base + idx; + } + else { + api_check(L, -(idx+1) <= (L->top - L->base)); + L->top += idx+1; /* `subtract' index (index is negative) */ + } + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId p; + lua_lock(L); + p = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, p); + while (++p < L->top) setobjs2s(L, p-1, p); + L->top--; + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId p; + StkId q; + lua_lock(L); + p = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, p); + for (q = L->top; q>p; q--) setobjs2s(L, q, q-1); + setobjs2s(L, p, L->top); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o; + lua_lock(L); + /* explicit test for incompatible code */ + if (idx == LUA_ENVIRONINDEX && L->ci == L->base_ci) + luaG_runerror(L, "no calling environment"); + api_checknelems(L, 1); + o = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, o); + if (idx == LUA_ENVIRONINDEX) { + Closure *func = curr_func(L); + api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1)); + func->c.env = hvalue(L->top - 1); + luaC_barrier(L, func, L->top - 1); + } + else { + setobj(L, o, L->top - 1); + if (idx < LUA_GLOBALSINDEX) /* function upvalue? */ + luaC_barrier(L, curr_func(L), L->top - 1); + } + L->top--; + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int idx) { + lua_lock(L); + setobj2s(L, L->top, index2adr(L, idx)); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + + +/* +** access functions (stack -> C) +*/ + + +LUA_API int lua_type (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o = index2adr(L, idx); + return (o == luaO_nilobject) ? LUA_TNONE : ttype(o); +} + + +LUA_API const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int t) { + UNUSED(L); + return (t == LUA_TNONE) ? "no value" : luaT_typenames[t]; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o = index2adr(L, idx); + return iscfunction(o); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int idx) { + TValue n; + const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx); + return tonumber(o, &n); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int idx) { + int t = lua_type(L, idx); + return (t == LUA_TSTRING || t == LUA_TNUMBER); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) { + const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx); + return (ttisuserdata(o) || ttislightuserdata(o)); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) { + StkId o1 = index2adr(L, index1); + StkId o2 = index2adr(L, index2); + return (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0 + : luaO_rawequalObj(o1, o2); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_equal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) { + StkId o1, o2; + int i; + lua_lock(L); /* may call tag method */ + o1 = index2adr(L, index1); + o2 = index2adr(L, index2); + i = (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0 : equalobj(L, o1, o2); + lua_unlock(L); + return i; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_lessthan (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) { + StkId o1, o2; + int i; + lua_lock(L); /* may call tag method */ + o1 = index2adr(L, index1); + o2 = index2adr(L, index2); + i = (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0 + : luaV_lessthan(L, o1, o2); + lua_unlock(L); + return i; +} + + + +LUA_API lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int idx) { + TValue n; + const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx); + if (tonumber(o, &n)) + return nvalue(o); + else + return 0; +} + + +LUA_API lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int idx) { + TValue n; + const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx); + if (tonumber(o, &n)) { + lua_Integer res; + lua_Number num = nvalue(o); + lua_number2integer(res, num); + return res; + } + else + return 0; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int idx) { + const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx); + return !l_isfalse(o); +} + + +LUA_API const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) { + StkId o = index2adr(L, idx); + if (!ttisstring(o)) { + lua_lock(L); /* `luaV_tostring' may create a new string */ + if (!luaV_tostring(L, o)) { /* conversion failed? */ + if (len != NULL) *len = 0; + lua_unlock(L); + return NULL; + } + luaC_checkGC(L); + o = index2adr(L, idx); /* previous call may reallocate the stack */ + lua_unlock(L); + } + if (len != NULL) *len = tsvalue(o)->len; + return svalue(o); +} + + +LUA_API size_t lua_objlen (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o = index2adr(L, idx); + switch (ttype(o)) { + case LUA_TSTRING: return tsvalue(o)->len; + case LUA_TUSERDATA: return uvalue(o)->len; + case LUA_TTABLE: return luaH_getn(hvalue(o)); + case LUA_TNUMBER: { + size_t l; + lua_lock(L); /* `luaV_tostring' may create a new string */ + l = (luaV_tostring(L, o) ? tsvalue(o)->len : 0); + lua_unlock(L); + return l; + } + default: return 0; + } +} + + +LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o = index2adr(L, idx); + return (!iscfunction(o)) ? NULL : clvalue(o)->c.f; +} + + +LUA_API void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o = index2adr(L, idx); + switch (ttype(o)) { + case LUA_TUSERDATA: return (rawuvalue(o) + 1); + case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(o); + default: return NULL; + } +} + + +LUA_API lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o = index2adr(L, idx); + return (!ttisthread(o)) ? NULL : thvalue(o); +} + + +LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o = index2adr(L, idx); + switch (ttype(o)) { + case LUA_TTABLE: return hvalue(o); + case LUA_TFUNCTION: return clvalue(o); + case LUA_TTHREAD: return thvalue(o); + case LUA_TUSERDATA: + case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: + return lua_touserdata(L, idx); + default: return NULL; + } +} + + + +/* +** push functions (C -> stack) +*/ + + +LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) { + lua_lock(L); + setnilvalue(L->top); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n) { + lua_lock(L); + setnvalue(L->top, n); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n) { + lua_lock(L); + setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(n)); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) { + lua_lock(L); + luaC_checkGC(L); + setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, s, len)); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) { + if (s == NULL) + lua_pushnil(L); + else + lua_pushlstring(L, s, strlen(s)); +} + + +LUA_API const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, + va_list argp) { + const char *ret; + lua_lock(L); + luaC_checkGC(L); + ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp); + lua_unlock(L); + return ret; +} + + +LUA_API const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) { + const char *ret; + va_list argp; + lua_lock(L); + luaC_checkGC(L); + va_start(argp, fmt); + ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp); + va_end(argp); + lua_unlock(L); + return ret; +} + + +LUA_API void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n) { + Closure *cl; + lua_lock(L); + luaC_checkGC(L); + api_checknelems(L, n); + cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, n, getcurrenv(L)); + cl->c.f = fn; + L->top -= n; + while (n--) + setobj2n(L, &cl->c.upvalue[n], L->top+n); + setclvalue(L, L->top, cl); + lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(cl))); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b) { + lua_lock(L); + setbvalue(L->top, (b != 0)); /* ensure that true is 1 */ + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p) { + lua_lock(L); + setpvalue(L->top, p); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) { + lua_lock(L); + setthvalue(L, L->top, L); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); + return (G(L)->mainthread == L); +} + + + +/* +** get functions (Lua -> stack) +*/ + + +LUA_API void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId t; + lua_lock(L); + t = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, t); + luaV_gettable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 1); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) { + StkId t; + TValue key; + lua_lock(L); + t = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, t); + setsvalue(L, &key, luaS_new(L, k)); + luaV_gettable(L, t, &key, L->top); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId t; + lua_lock(L); + t = index2adr(L, idx); + api_check(L, ttistable(t)); + setobj2s(L, L->top - 1, luaH_get(hvalue(t), L->top - 1)); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) { + StkId o; + lua_lock(L); + o = index2adr(L, idx); + api_check(L, ttistable(o)); + setobj2s(L, L->top, luaH_getnum(hvalue(o), n)); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narray, int nrec) { + lua_lock(L); + luaC_checkGC(L); + sethvalue(L, L->top, luaH_new(L, narray, nrec)); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) { + const TValue *obj; + Table *mt = NULL; + int res; + lua_lock(L); + obj = index2adr(L, objindex); + switch (ttype(obj)) { + case LUA_TTABLE: + mt = hvalue(obj)->metatable; + break; + case LUA_TUSERDATA: + mt = uvalue(obj)->metatable; + break; + default: + mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)]; + break; + } + if (mt == NULL) + res = 0; + else { + sethvalue(L, L->top, mt); + api_incr_top(L); + res = 1; + } + lua_unlock(L); + return res; +} + + +LUA_API void lua_getfenv (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o; + lua_lock(L); + o = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, o); + switch (ttype(o)) { + case LUA_TFUNCTION: + sethvalue(L, L->top, clvalue(o)->c.env); + break; + case LUA_TUSERDATA: + sethvalue(L, L->top, uvalue(o)->env); + break; + case LUA_TTHREAD: + setobj2s(L, L->top, gt(thvalue(o))); + break; + default: + setnilvalue(L->top); + break; + } + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +/* +** set functions (stack -> Lua) +*/ + + +LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId t; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, 2); + t = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, t); + luaV_settable(L, t, L->top - 2, L->top - 1); + L->top -= 2; /* pop index and value */ + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) { + StkId t; + TValue key; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, 1); + t = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, t); + setsvalue(L, &key, luaS_new(L, k)); + luaV_settable(L, t, &key, L->top - 1); + L->top--; /* pop value */ + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId t; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, 2); + t = index2adr(L, idx); + api_check(L, ttistable(t)); + setobj2t(L, luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), L->top-2), L->top-1); + luaC_barriert(L, hvalue(t), L->top-1); + L->top -= 2; + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) { + StkId o; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, 1); + o = index2adr(L, idx); + api_check(L, ttistable(o)); + setobj2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, hvalue(o), n), L->top-1); + luaC_barriert(L, hvalue(o), L->top-1); + L->top--; + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) { + TValue *obj; + Table *mt; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, 1); + obj = index2adr(L, objindex); + api_checkvalidindex(L, obj); + if (ttisnil(L->top - 1)) + mt = NULL; + else { + api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1)); + mt = hvalue(L->top - 1); + } + switch (ttype(obj)) { + case LUA_TTABLE: { + hvalue(obj)->metatable = mt; + if (mt) + luaC_objbarriert(L, hvalue(obj), mt); + break; + } + case LUA_TUSERDATA: { + uvalue(obj)->metatable = mt; + if (mt) + luaC_objbarrier(L, rawuvalue(obj), mt); + break; + } + default: { + G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)] = mt; + break; + } + } + L->top--; + lua_unlock(L); + return 1; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_setfenv (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId o; + int res = 1; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, 1); + o = index2adr(L, idx); + api_checkvalidindex(L, o); + api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1)); + switch (ttype(o)) { + case LUA_TFUNCTION: + clvalue(o)->c.env = hvalue(L->top - 1); + break; + case LUA_TUSERDATA: + uvalue(o)->env = hvalue(L->top - 1); + break; + case LUA_TTHREAD: + sethvalue(L, gt(thvalue(o)), hvalue(L->top - 1)); + break; + default: + res = 0; + break; + } + if (res) luaC_objbarrier(L, gcvalue(o), hvalue(L->top - 1)); + L->top--; + lua_unlock(L); + return res; +} + + +/* +** `load' and `call' functions (run Lua code) +*/ + + +#define adjustresults(L,nres) \ + { if (nres == LUA_MULTRET && L->top >= L->ci->top) L->ci->top = L->top; } + + +#define checkresults(L,na,nr) \ + api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET || (L->ci->top - L->top >= (nr) - (na))) + + +LUA_API void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults) { + StkId func; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, nargs+1); + checkresults(L, nargs, nresults); + func = L->top - (nargs+1); + luaD_call(L, func, nresults); + adjustresults(L, nresults); + lua_unlock(L); +} + + + +/* +** Execute a protected call. +*/ +struct CallS { /* data to `f_call' */ + StkId func; + int nresults; +}; + + +static void f_call (lua_State *L, void *ud) { + struct CallS *c = cast(struct CallS *, ud); + luaD_call(L, c->func, c->nresults); +} + + + +LUA_API int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc) { + struct CallS c; + int status; + ptrdiff_t func; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, nargs+1); + checkresults(L, nargs, nresults); + if (errfunc == 0) + func = 0; + else { + StkId o = index2adr(L, errfunc); + api_checkvalidindex(L, o); + func = savestack(L, o); + } + c.func = L->top - (nargs+1); /* function to be called */ + c.nresults = nresults; + status = luaD_pcall(L, f_call, &c, savestack(L, c.func), func); + adjustresults(L, nresults); + lua_unlock(L); + return status; +} + + +/* +** Execute a protected C call. +*/ +struct CCallS { /* data to `f_Ccall' */ + lua_CFunction func; + void *ud; +}; + + +static void f_Ccall (lua_State *L, void *ud) { + struct CCallS *c = cast(struct CCallS *, ud); + Closure *cl; + cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, 0, getcurrenv(L)); + cl->c.f = c->func; + setclvalue(L, L->top, cl); /* push function */ + api_incr_top(L); + setpvalue(L->top, c->ud); /* push only argument */ + api_incr_top(L); + luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0); +} + + +LUA_API int lua_cpcall (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud) { + struct CCallS c; + int status; + lua_lock(L); + c.func = func; + c.ud = ud; + status = luaD_pcall(L, f_Ccall, &c, savestack(L, L->top), 0); + lua_unlock(L); + return status; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data, + const char *chunkname) { + ZIO z; + int status; + lua_lock(L); + if (!chunkname) chunkname = "?"; + luaZ_init(L, &z, reader, data); + status = luaD_protectedparser(L, &z, chunkname); + lua_unlock(L); + return status; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data) { + int status; + TValue *o; + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, 1); + o = L->top - 1; + if (isLfunction(o)) + status = luaU_dump(L, clvalue(o)->l.p, writer, data, 0); + else + status = 1; + lua_unlock(L); + return status; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) { + return L->status; +} + + +/* +** Garbage-collection function +*/ + +LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data) { + int res = 0; + global_State *g; + lua_lock(L); + g = G(L); + switch (what) { + case LUA_GCSTOP: { + g->GCthreshold = MAX_LUMEM; + break; + } + case LUA_GCRESTART: { + g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes; + break; + } + case LUA_GCCOLLECT: { + luaC_fullgc(L); + break; + } + case LUA_GCCOUNT: { + /* GC values are expressed in Kbytes: #bytes/2^10 */ + res = cast_int(g->totalbytes >> 10); + break; + } + case LUA_GCCOUNTB: { + res = cast_int(g->totalbytes & 0x3ff); + break; + } + case LUA_GCSTEP: { + lu_mem a = (cast(lu_mem, data) << 10); + if (a <= g->totalbytes) + g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes - a; + else + g->GCthreshold = 0; + while (g->GCthreshold <= g->totalbytes) { + luaC_step(L); + if (g->gcstate == GCSpause) { /* end of cycle? */ + res = 1; /* signal it */ + break; + } + } + break; + } + case LUA_GCSETPAUSE: { + res = g->gcpause; + g->gcpause = data; + break; + } + case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: { + res = g->gcstepmul; + g->gcstepmul = data; + break; + } + default: res = -1; /* invalid option */ + } + lua_unlock(L); + return res; +} + + + +/* +** miscellaneous functions +*/ + + +LUA_API int lua_error (lua_State *L) { + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, 1); + luaG_errormsg(L); + lua_unlock(L); + return 0; /* to avoid warnings */ +} + + +LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int idx) { + StkId t; + int more; + lua_lock(L); + t = index2adr(L, idx); + api_check(L, ttistable(t)); + more = luaH_next(L, hvalue(t), L->top - 1); + if (more) { + api_incr_top(L); + } + else /* no more elements */ + L->top -= 1; /* remove key */ + lua_unlock(L); + return more; +} + + +LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) { + lua_lock(L); + api_checknelems(L, n); + if (n >= 2) { + luaC_checkGC(L); + luaV_concat(L, n, cast_int(L->top - L->base) - 1); + L->top -= (n-1); + } + else if (n == 0) { /* push empty string */ + setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, "", 0)); + api_incr_top(L); + } + /* else n == 1; nothing to do */ + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud) { + lua_Alloc f; + lua_lock(L); + if (ud) *ud = G(L)->ud; + f = G(L)->frealloc; + lua_unlock(L); + return f; +} + + +LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud) { + lua_lock(L); + G(L)->ud = ud; + G(L)->frealloc = f; + lua_unlock(L); +} + + +LUA_API void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size) { + Udata *u; + lua_lock(L); + luaC_checkGC(L); + u = luaS_newudata(L, size, getcurrenv(L)); + setuvalue(L, L->top, u); + api_incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); + return u + 1; +} + + + + +static const char *aux_upvalue (StkId fi, int n, TValue **val) { + Closure *f; + if (!ttisfunction(fi)) return NULL; + f = clvalue(fi); + if (f->c.isC) { + if (!(1 <= n && n <= f->c.nupvalues)) return NULL; + *val = &f->c.upvalue[n-1]; + return ""; + } + else { + Proto *p = f->l.p; + if (!(1 <= n && n <= p->sizeupvalues)) return NULL; + *val = f->l.upvals[n-1]->v; + return getstr(p->upvalues[n-1]); + } +} + + +LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) { + const char *name; + TValue *val; + lua_lock(L); + name = aux_upvalue(index2adr(L, funcindex), n, &val); + if (name) { + setobj2s(L, L->top, val); + api_incr_top(L); + } + lua_unlock(L); + return name; +} + + +LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) { + const char *name; + TValue *val; + StkId fi; + lua_lock(L); + fi = index2adr(L, funcindex); + api_checknelems(L, 1); + name = aux_upvalue(fi, n, &val); + if (name) { + L->top--; + setobj(L, val, L->top); + luaC_barrier(L, clvalue(fi), L->top); + } + lua_unlock(L); + return name; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lapi.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lapi.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c3fab2 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lapi.h @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +/* +** $Id: lapi.h,v 2.2.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Auxiliary functions from Lua API +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lapi_h +#define lapi_h + + +#include "lobject.h" + + +LUAI_FUNC void luaA_pushobject (lua_State *L, const TValue *o); + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lauxlib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lauxlib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10f14e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lauxlib.c @@ -0,0 +1,652 @@ +/* +** $Id: lauxlib.c,v 1.159.1.3 2008/01/21 13:20:51 roberto Exp $ +** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <ctype.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <stdarg.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + + +/* This file uses only the official API of Lua. +** Any function declared here could be written as an application function. +*/ + +#define lauxlib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" + + +#define FREELIST_REF 0 /* free list of references */ + + +/* convert a stack index to positive */ +#define abs_index(L, i) ((i) > 0 || (i) <= LUA_REGISTRYINDEX ? (i) : \ + lua_gettop(L) + (i) + 1) + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Error-report functions +** ======================================================= +*/ + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *extramsg) { + lua_Debug ar; + if (!lua_getstack(L, 0, &ar)) /* no stack frame? */ + return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d (%s)", narg, extramsg); + lua_getinfo(L, "n", &ar); + if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) { + narg--; /* do not count `self' */ + if (narg == 0) /* error is in the self argument itself? */ + return luaL_error(L, "calling " LUA_QS " on bad self (%s)", + ar.name, extramsg); + } + if (ar.name == NULL) + ar.name = "?"; + return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d to " LUA_QS " (%s)", + narg, ar.name, extramsg); +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_typerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname) { + const char *msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s expected, got %s", + tname, luaL_typename(L, narg)); + return luaL_argerror(L, narg, msg); +} + + +static void tag_error (lua_State *L, int narg, int tag) { + luaL_typerror(L, narg, lua_typename(L, tag)); +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int level) { + lua_Debug ar; + if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar)) { /* check function at level */ + lua_getinfo(L, "Sl", &ar); /* get info about it */ + if (ar.currentline > 0) { /* is there info? */ + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline); + return; + } + } + lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* else, no information available... */ +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) { + va_list argp; + va_start(argp, fmt); + luaL_where(L, 1); + lua_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp); + va_end(argp); + lua_concat(L, 2); + return lua_error(L); +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def, + const char *const lst[]) { + const char *name = (def) ? luaL_optstring(L, narg, def) : + luaL_checkstring(L, narg); + int i; + for (i=0; lst[i]; i++) + if (strcmp(lst[i], name) == 0) + return i; + return luaL_argerror(L, narg, + lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid option " LUA_QS, name)); +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) { + lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* get registry.name */ + if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* name already in use? */ + return 0; /* leave previous value on top, but return 0 */ + lua_pop(L, 1); + lua_newtable(L); /* create metatable */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* registry.name = metatable */ + return 1; +} + + +LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) { + void *p = lua_touserdata(L, ud); + if (p != NULL) { /* value is a userdata? */ + if (lua_getmetatable(L, ud)) { /* does it have a metatable? */ + lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* get correct metatable */ + if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) { /* does it have the correct mt? */ + lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove both metatables */ + return p; + } + } + } + luaL_typerror(L, ud, tname); /* else error */ + return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */ +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int space, const char *mes) { + if (!lua_checkstack(L, space)) + luaL_error(L, "stack overflow (%s)", mes); +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t) { + if (lua_type(L, narg) != t) + tag_error(L, narg, t); +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg) { + if (lua_type(L, narg) == LUA_TNONE) + luaL_argerror(L, narg, "value expected"); +} + + +LUALIB_API const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *len) { + const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, narg, len); + if (!s) tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TSTRING); + return s; +} + + +LUALIB_API const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L, int narg, + const char *def, size_t *len) { + if (lua_isnoneornil(L, narg)) { + if (len) + *len = (def ? strlen(def) : 0); + return def; + } + else return luaL_checklstring(L, narg, len); +} + + +LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg) { + lua_Number d = lua_tonumber(L, narg); + if (d == 0 && !lua_isnumber(L, narg)) /* avoid extra test when d is not 0 */ + tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER); + return d; +} + + +LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number def) { + return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checknumber, narg, def); +} + + +LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg) { + lua_Integer d = lua_tointeger(L, narg); + if (d == 0 && !lua_isnumber(L, narg)) /* avoid extra test when d is not 0 */ + tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER); + return d; +} + + +LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, int narg, + lua_Integer def) { + return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, narg, def); +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) { + if (!lua_getmetatable(L, obj)) /* no metatable? */ + return 0; + lua_pushstring(L, event); + lua_rawget(L, -2); + if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { + lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove metatable and metafield */ + return 0; + } + else { + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove only metatable */ + return 1; + } +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) { + obj = abs_index(L, obj); + if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, obj, event)) /* no metafield? */ + return 0; + lua_pushvalue(L, obj); + lua_call(L, 1, 1); + return 1; +} + + +LUALIB_API void (luaL_register) (lua_State *L, const char *libname, + const luaL_Reg *l) { + luaI_openlib(L, libname, l, 0); +} + + +static int libsize (const luaL_Reg *l) { + int size = 0; + for (; l->name; l++) size++; + return size; +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaI_openlib (lua_State *L, const char *libname, + const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) { + if (libname) { + int size = libsize(l); + /* check whether lib already exists */ + luaL_findtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED", 1); + lua_getfield(L, -1, libname); /* get _LOADED[libname] */ + if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* not found? */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */ + /* try global variable (and create one if it does not exist) */ + if (luaL_findtable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, libname, size) != NULL) + luaL_error(L, "name conflict for module " LUA_QS, libname); + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_setfield(L, -3, libname); /* _LOADED[libname] = new table */ + } + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove _LOADED table */ + lua_insert(L, -(nup+1)); /* move library table to below upvalues */ + } + for (; l->name; l++) { + int i; + for (i=0; i<nup; i++) /* copy upvalues to the top */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -nup); + lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup); + lua_setfield(L, -(nup+2), l->name); + } + lua_pop(L, nup); /* remove upvalues */ +} + + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** getn-setn: size for arrays +** ======================================================= +*/ + +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GETN) + +static int checkint (lua_State *L, int topop) { + int n = (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) ? lua_tointeger(L, -1) : -1; + lua_pop(L, topop); + return n; +} + + +static void getsizes (lua_State *L) { + lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_SIZES"); + if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no `size' table? */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove nil */ + lua_newtable(L); /* create it */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* `size' will be its own metatable */ + lua_setmetatable(L, -2); + lua_pushliteral(L, "kv"); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /* metatable(N).__mode = "kv" */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_SIZES"); /* store in register */ + } +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_setn (lua_State *L, int t, int n) { + t = abs_index(L, t); + lua_pushliteral(L, "n"); + lua_rawget(L, t); + if (checkint(L, 1) >= 0) { /* is there a numeric field `n'? */ + lua_pushliteral(L, "n"); /* use it */ + lua_pushinteger(L, n); + lua_rawset(L, t); + } + else { /* use `sizes' */ + getsizes(L); + lua_pushvalue(L, t); + lua_pushinteger(L, n); + lua_rawset(L, -3); /* sizes[t] = n */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove `sizes' */ + } +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_getn (lua_State *L, int t) { + int n; + t = abs_index(L, t); + lua_pushliteral(L, "n"); /* try t.n */ + lua_rawget(L, t); + if ((n = checkint(L, 1)) >= 0) return n; + getsizes(L); /* else try sizes[t] */ + lua_pushvalue(L, t); + lua_rawget(L, -2); + if ((n = checkint(L, 2)) >= 0) return n; + return (int)lua_objlen(L, t); +} + +#endif + +/* }====================================================== */ + + + +LUALIB_API const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p, + const char *r) { + const char *wild; + size_t l = strlen(p); + luaL_Buffer b; + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + while ((wild = strstr(s, p)) != NULL) { + luaL_addlstring(&b, s, wild - s); /* push prefix */ + luaL_addstring(&b, r); /* push replacement in place of pattern */ + s = wild + l; /* continue after `p' */ + } + luaL_addstring(&b, s); /* push last suffix */ + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return lua_tostring(L, -1); +} + + +LUALIB_API const char *luaL_findtable (lua_State *L, int idx, + const char *fname, int szhint) { + const char *e; + lua_pushvalue(L, idx); + do { + e = strchr(fname, '.'); + if (e == NULL) e = fname + strlen(fname); + lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname); + lua_rawget(L, -2); + if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no such field? */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove this nil */ + lua_createtable(L, 0, (*e == '.' ? 1 : szhint)); /* new table for field */ + lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname); + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); + lua_settable(L, -4); /* set new table into field */ + } + else if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* field has a non-table value? */ + lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove table and value */ + return fname; /* return problematic part of the name */ + } + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove previous table */ + fname = e + 1; + } while (*e == '.'); + return NULL; +} + + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Generic Buffer manipulation +** ======================================================= +*/ + + +#define bufflen(B) ((B)->p - (B)->buffer) +#define bufffree(B) ((size_t)(LUAL_BUFFERSIZE - bufflen(B))) + +#define LIMIT (LUA_MINSTACK/2) + + +static int emptybuffer (luaL_Buffer *B) { + size_t l = bufflen(B); + if (l == 0) return 0; /* put nothing on stack */ + else { + lua_pushlstring(B->L, B->buffer, l); + B->p = B->buffer; + B->lvl++; + return 1; + } +} + + +static void adjuststack (luaL_Buffer *B) { + if (B->lvl > 1) { + lua_State *L = B->L; + int toget = 1; /* number of levels to concat */ + size_t toplen = lua_strlen(L, -1); + do { + size_t l = lua_strlen(L, -(toget+1)); + if (B->lvl - toget + 1 >= LIMIT || toplen > l) { + toplen += l; + toget++; + } + else break; + } while (toget < B->lvl); + lua_concat(L, toget); + B->lvl = B->lvl - toget + 1; + } +} + + +LUALIB_API char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B) { + if (emptybuffer(B)) + adjuststack(B); + return B->buffer; +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l) { + while (l--) + luaL_addchar(B, *s++); +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s) { + luaL_addlstring(B, s, strlen(s)); +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B) { + emptybuffer(B); + lua_concat(B->L, B->lvl); + B->lvl = 1; +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B) { + lua_State *L = B->L; + size_t vl; + const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &vl); + if (vl <= bufffree(B)) { /* fit into buffer? */ + memcpy(B->p, s, vl); /* put it there */ + B->p += vl; + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove from stack */ + } + else { + if (emptybuffer(B)) + lua_insert(L, -2); /* put buffer before new value */ + B->lvl++; /* add new value into B stack */ + adjuststack(B); + } +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B) { + B->L = L; + B->p = B->buffer; + B->lvl = 0; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) { + int ref; + t = abs_index(L, t); + if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove from stack */ + return LUA_REFNIL; /* `nil' has a unique fixed reference */ + } + lua_rawgeti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* get first free element */ + ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1); /* ref = t[FREELIST_REF] */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove it from stack */ + if (ref != 0) { /* any free element? */ + lua_rawgeti(L, t, ref); /* remove it from list */ + lua_rawseti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* (t[FREELIST_REF] = t[ref]) */ + } + else { /* no free elements */ + ref = (int)lua_objlen(L, t); + ref++; /* create new reference */ + } + lua_rawseti(L, t, ref); + return ref; +} + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) { + if (ref >= 0) { + t = abs_index(L, t); + lua_rawgeti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); + lua_rawseti(L, t, ref); /* t[ref] = t[FREELIST_REF] */ + lua_pushinteger(L, ref); + lua_rawseti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* t[FREELIST_REF] = ref */ + } +} + + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Load functions +** ======================================================= +*/ + +typedef struct LoadF { + int extraline; + FILE *f; + char buff[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE]; +} LoadF; + + +static const char *getF (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) { + LoadF *lf = (LoadF *)ud; + (void)L; + if (lf->extraline) { + lf->extraline = 0; + *size = 1; + return "\n"; + } + if (feof(lf->f)) return NULL; + *size = fread(lf->buff, 1, sizeof(lf->buff), lf->f); + return (*size > 0) ? lf->buff : NULL; +} + + +static int errfile (lua_State *L, const char *what, int fnameindex) { + const char *serr = strerror(errno); + const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, fnameindex) + 1; + lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot %s %s: %s", what, filename, serr); + lua_remove(L, fnameindex); + return LUA_ERRFILE; +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename) { + LoadF lf; + int status, readstatus; + int c; + int fnameindex = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of filename on the stack */ + lf.extraline = 0; + if (filename == NULL) { + lua_pushliteral(L, "=stdin"); + lf.f = stdin; + } + else { + lua_pushfstring(L, "@%s", filename); + lf.f = fopen(filename, "r"); + if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "open", fnameindex); + } + c = getc(lf.f); + if (c == '#') { /* Unix exec. file? */ + lf.extraline = 1; + while ((c = getc(lf.f)) != EOF && c != '\n') ; /* skip first line */ + if (c == '\n') c = getc(lf.f); + } + if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0] && filename) { /* binary file? */ + lf.f = freopen(filename, "rb", lf.f); /* reopen in binary mode */ + if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex); + /* skip eventual `#!...' */ + while ((c = getc(lf.f)) != EOF && c != LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) ; + lf.extraline = 0; + } + ungetc(c, lf.f); + status = lua_load(L, getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1)); + readstatus = ferror(lf.f); + if (filename) fclose(lf.f); /* close file (even in case of errors) */ + if (readstatus) { + lua_settop(L, fnameindex); /* ignore results from `lua_load' */ + return errfile(L, "read", fnameindex); + } + lua_remove(L, fnameindex); + return status; +} + + +typedef struct LoadS { + const char *s; + size_t size; +} LoadS; + + +static const char *getS (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) { + LoadS *ls = (LoadS *)ud; + (void)L; + if (ls->size == 0) return NULL; + *size = ls->size; + ls->size = 0; + return ls->s; +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t size, + const char *name) { + LoadS ls; + ls.s = buff; + ls.size = size; + return lua_load(L, getS, &ls, name); +} + + +LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s) { + return luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), s); +} + + + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) { + (void)ud; + (void)osize; + if (nsize == 0) { + free(ptr); + return NULL; + } + else + return realloc(ptr, nsize); +} + + +static int panic (lua_State *L) { + (void)L; /* to avoid warnings */ + fprintf(stderr, "PANIC: unprotected error in call to Lua API (%s)\n", + lua_tostring(L, -1)); + return 0; +} + + +LUALIB_API lua_State *luaL_newstate (void) { + lua_State *L = lua_newstate(l_alloc, NULL); + if (L) lua_atpanic(L, &panic); + return L; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lauxlib.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lauxlib.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3425823 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lauxlib.h @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +/* +** $Id: lauxlib.h,v 1.88.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#ifndef lauxlib_h +#define lauxlib_h + + +#include <stddef.h> +#include <stdio.h> + +#include "lua.h" + + +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GETN) +LUALIB_API int (luaL_getn) (lua_State *L, int t); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_setn) (lua_State *L, int t, int n); +#else +#define luaL_getn(L,i) ((int)lua_objlen(L, i)) +#define luaL_setn(L,i,j) ((void)0) /* no op! */ +#endif + +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB) +#define luaI_openlib luaL_openlib +#endif + + +/* extra error code for `luaL_load' */ +#define LUA_ERRFILE (LUA_ERRERR+1) + + +typedef struct luaL_Reg { + const char *name; + lua_CFunction func; +} luaL_Reg; + + + +LUALIB_API void (luaI_openlib) (lua_State *L, const char *libname, + const luaL_Reg *l, int nup); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_register) (lua_State *L, const char *libname, + const luaL_Reg *l); +LUALIB_API int (luaL_getmetafield) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e); +LUALIB_API int (luaL_callmeta) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e); +LUALIB_API int (luaL_typerror) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname); +LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int numarg, const char *extramsg); +LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg, + size_t *l); +LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg, + const char *def, size_t *l); +LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int numArg); +LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int nArg, lua_Number def); + +LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int numArg); +LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int nArg, + lua_Integer def); + +LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int narg, int t); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int narg); + +LUALIB_API int (luaL_newmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname); +LUALIB_API void *(luaL_checkudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname); + +LUALIB_API void (luaL_where) (lua_State *L, int lvl); +LUALIB_API int (luaL_error) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...); + +LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def, + const char *const lst[]); + +LUALIB_API int (luaL_ref) (lua_State *L, int t); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_unref) (lua_State *L, int t, int ref); + +LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadfile) (lua_State *L, const char *filename); +LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadbuffer) (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t sz, + const char *name); +LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s); + +LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void); + + +LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p, + const char *r); + +LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_findtable) (lua_State *L, int idx, + const char *fname, int szhint); + + + + +/* +** =============================================================== +** some useful macros +** =============================================================== +*/ + +#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,numarg,extramsg) \ + ((void)((cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (numarg), (extramsg)))) +#define luaL_checkstring(L,n) (luaL_checklstring(L, (n), NULL)) +#define luaL_optstring(L,n,d) (luaL_optlstring(L, (n), (d), NULL)) +#define luaL_checkint(L,n) ((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n))) +#define luaL_optint(L,n,d) ((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d))) +#define luaL_checklong(L,n) ((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n))) +#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d) ((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d))) + +#define luaL_typename(L,i) lua_typename(L, lua_type(L,(i))) + +#define luaL_dofile(L, fn) \ + (luaL_loadfile(L, fn) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) + +#define luaL_dostring(L, s) \ + (luaL_loadstring(L, s) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) + +#define luaL_getmetatable(L,n) (lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (n))) + +#define luaL_opt(L,f,n,d) (lua_isnoneornil(L,(n)) ? (d) : f(L,(n))) + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Generic Buffer manipulation +** ======================================================= +*/ + + + +typedef struct luaL_Buffer { + char *p; /* current position in buffer */ + int lvl; /* number of strings in the stack (level) */ + lua_State *L; + char buffer[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE]; +} luaL_Buffer; + +#define luaL_addchar(B,c) \ + ((void)((B)->p < ((B)->buffer+LUAL_BUFFERSIZE) || luaL_prepbuffer(B)), \ + (*(B)->p++ = (char)(c))) + +/* compatibility only */ +#define luaL_putchar(B,c) luaL_addchar(B,c) + +#define luaL_addsize(B,n) ((B)->p += (n)) + +LUALIB_API void (luaL_buffinit) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B); +LUALIB_API char *(luaL_prepbuffer) (luaL_Buffer *B); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_addlstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_addstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_addvalue) (luaL_Buffer *B); +LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresult) (luaL_Buffer *B); + + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +/* compatibility with ref system */ + +/* pre-defined references */ +#define LUA_NOREF (-2) +#define LUA_REFNIL (-1) + +#define lua_ref(L,lock) ((lock) ? luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) : \ + (lua_pushstring(L, "unlocked references are obsolete"), lua_error(L), 0)) + +#define lua_unref(L,ref) luaL_unref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (ref)) + +#define lua_getref(L,ref) lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (ref)) + + +#define luaL_reg luaL_Reg + +#endif + + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lbaselib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lbaselib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ab550b --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lbaselib.c @@ -0,0 +1,653 @@ +/* +** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.191.1.6 2008/02/14 16:46:22 roberto Exp $ +** Basic library +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + + +#include <ctype.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define lbaselib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + + + +/* +** If your system does not support `stdout', you can just remove this function. +** If you need, you can define your own `print' function, following this +** model but changing `fputs' to put the strings at a proper place +** (a console window or a log file, for instance). +*/ +static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) { + int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */ + int i; + lua_getglobal(L, "tostring"); + for (i=1; i<=n; i++) { + const char *s; + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* function to be called */ + lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* value to print */ + lua_call(L, 1, 1); + s = lua_tostring(L, -1); /* get result */ + if (s == NULL) + return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to " + LUA_QL("print")); + if (i>1) fputs("\t", stdout); + fputs(s, stdout); + lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */ + } + fputs("\n", stdout); + return 0; +} + + +static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) { + int base = luaL_optint(L, 2, 10); + if (base == 10) { /* standard conversion */ + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + if (lua_isnumber(L, 1)) { + lua_pushnumber(L, lua_tonumber(L, 1)); + return 1; + } + } + else { + const char *s1 = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + char *s2; + unsigned long n; + luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range"); + n = strtoul(s1, &s2, base); + if (s1 != s2) { /* at least one valid digit? */ + while (isspace((unsigned char)(*s2))) s2++; /* skip trailing spaces */ + if (*s2 == '\0') { /* no invalid trailing characters? */ + lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)n); + return 1; + } + } + } + lua_pushnil(L); /* else not a number */ + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) { + int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1); + lua_settop(L, 1); + if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) { /* add extra information? */ + luaL_where(L, level); + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); + lua_concat(L, 2); + } + return lua_error(L); +} + + +static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) { + lua_pushnil(L); + return 1; /* no metatable */ + } + luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"); + return 1; /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */ +} + + +static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) { + int t = lua_type(L, 2); + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2, + "nil or table expected"); + if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable")) + luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable"); + lua_settop(L, 2); + lua_setmetatable(L, 1); + return 1; +} + + +static void getfunc (lua_State *L, int opt) { + if (lua_isfunction(L, 1)) lua_pushvalue(L, 1); + else { + lua_Debug ar; + int level = opt ? luaL_optint(L, 1, 1) : luaL_checkint(L, 1); + luaL_argcheck(L, level >= 0, 1, "level must be non-negative"); + if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar) == 0) + luaL_argerror(L, 1, "invalid level"); + lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar); + if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) + luaL_error(L, "no function environment for tail call at level %d", + level); + } +} + + +static int luaB_getfenv (lua_State *L) { + getfunc(L, 1); + if (lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) /* is a C function? */ + lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); /* return the thread's global env. */ + else + lua_getfenv(L, -1); + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_setfenv (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE); + getfunc(L, 0); + lua_pushvalue(L, 2); + if (lua_isnumber(L, 1) && lua_tonumber(L, 1) == 0) { + /* change environment of current thread */ + lua_pushthread(L); + lua_insert(L, -2); + lua_setfenv(L, -2); + return 0; + } + else if (lua_iscfunction(L, -2) || lua_setfenv(L, -2) == 0) + luaL_error(L, + LUA_QL("setfenv") " cannot change environment of given object"); + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + luaL_checkany(L, 2); + lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2)); + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + luaL_checkany(L, 2); + lua_settop(L, 2); + lua_rawget(L, 1); + return 1; +} + +static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + luaL_checkany(L, 2); + luaL_checkany(L, 3); + lua_settop(L, 3); + lua_rawset(L, 1); + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_gcinfo (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushinteger(L, lua_getgccount(L)); + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) { + static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect", + "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul", NULL}; + static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT, + LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL}; + int o = luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts); + int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0); + int res = lua_gc(L, optsnum[o], ex); + switch (optsnum[o]) { + case LUA_GCCOUNT: { + int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0); + lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024)); + return 1; + } + case LUA_GCSTEP: { + lua_pushboolean(L, res); + return 1; + } + default: { + lua_pushnumber(L, res); + return 1; + } + } +} + + +static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1)); + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + lua_settop(L, 2); /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */ + if (lua_next(L, 1)) + return 2; + else { + lua_pushnil(L); + return 1; + } +} + + +static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */ + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */ + lua_pushnil(L); /* and initial value */ + return 3; +} + + +static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) { + int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2); + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + i++; /* next value */ + lua_pushinteger(L, i); + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); + return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 0 : 2; +} + + +static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */ + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */ + lua_pushinteger(L, 0); /* and initial value */ + return 3; +} + + +static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status) { + if (status == 0) /* OK? */ + return 1; + else { + lua_pushnil(L); + lua_insert(L, -2); /* put before error message */ + return 2; /* return nil plus error message */ + } +} + + +static int luaB_loadstring (lua_State *L) { + size_t l; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l); + const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s); + return load_aux(L, luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, l, chunkname)); +} + + +static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) { + const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL); + return load_aux(L, luaL_loadfile(L, fname)); +} + + +/* +** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the +** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the +** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a +** reserved slot inside the stack. +*/ +static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) { + (void)ud; /* to avoid warnings */ + luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions"); + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* get function */ + lua_call(L, 0, 1); /* call it */ + if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { + *size = 0; + return NULL; + } + else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) { + lua_replace(L, 3); /* save string in a reserved stack slot */ + return lua_tolstring(L, 3, size); + } + else luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string"); + return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */ +} + + +static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) { + int status; + const char *cname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)"); + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION); + lua_settop(L, 3); /* function, eventual name, plus one reserved slot */ + status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, cname); + return load_aux(L, status); +} + + +static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) { + const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL); + int n = lua_gettop(L); + if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != 0) lua_error(L); + lua_call(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET); + return lua_gettop(L) - n; +} + + +static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1)) + return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!")); + return lua_gettop(L); +} + + +static int luaB_unpack (lua_State *L) { + int i, e, n; + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + i = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1); + e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 3, luaL_getn(L, 1)); + if (i > e) return 0; /* empty range */ + n = e - i + 1; /* number of elements */ + if (n <= 0 || !lua_checkstack(L, n)) /* n <= 0 means arith. overflow */ + return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack"); + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* push arg[i] (avoiding overflow problems) */ + while (i++ < e) /* push arg[i + 1...e] */ + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); + return n; +} + + +static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) { + int n = lua_gettop(L); + if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') { + lua_pushinteger(L, n-1); + return 1; + } + else { + int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1); + if (i < 0) i = n + i; + else if (i > n) i = n; + luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range"); + return n - i; + } +} + + +static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) { + int status; + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + status = lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L) - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 0); + lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0)); + lua_insert(L, 1); + return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */ +} + + +static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) { + int status; + luaL_checkany(L, 2); + lua_settop(L, 2); + lua_insert(L, 1); /* put error function under function to be called */ + status = lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 1); + lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0)); + lua_replace(L, 1); + return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */ +} + + +static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + if (luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring")) /* is there a metafield? */ + return 1; /* use its value */ + switch (lua_type(L, 1)) { + case LUA_TNUMBER: + lua_pushstring(L, lua_tostring(L, 1)); + break; + case LUA_TSTRING: + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); + break; + case LUA_TBOOLEAN: + lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? "true" : "false")); + break; + case LUA_TNIL: + lua_pushliteral(L, "nil"); + break; + default: + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", luaL_typename(L, 1), lua_topointer(L, 1)); + break; + } + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_newproxy (lua_State *L) { + lua_settop(L, 1); + lua_newuserdata(L, 0); /* create proxy */ + if (lua_toboolean(L, 1) == 0) + return 1; /* no metatable */ + else if (lua_isboolean(L, 1)) { + lua_newtable(L); /* create a new metatable `m' ... */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* ... and mark `m' as a valid metatable */ + lua_pushboolean(L, 1); + lua_rawset(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* weaktable[m] = true */ + } + else { + int validproxy = 0; /* to check if weaktable[metatable(u)] == true */ + if (lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) { + lua_rawget(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); + validproxy = lua_toboolean(L, -1); + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */ + } + luaL_argcheck(L, validproxy, 1, "boolean or proxy expected"); + lua_getmetatable(L, 1); /* metatable is valid; get it */ + } + lua_setmetatable(L, 2); + return 1; +} + + +static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = { + {"assert", luaB_assert}, + {"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage}, + {"dofile", luaB_dofile}, + {"error", luaB_error}, + {"gcinfo", luaB_gcinfo}, + {"getfenv", luaB_getfenv}, + {"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable}, + {"loadfile", luaB_loadfile}, + {"load", luaB_load}, + {"loadstring", luaB_loadstring}, + {"next", luaB_next}, + {"pcall", luaB_pcall}, + {"print", luaB_print}, + {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal}, + {"rawget", luaB_rawget}, + {"rawset", luaB_rawset}, + {"select", luaB_select}, + {"setfenv", luaB_setfenv}, + {"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable}, + {"tonumber", luaB_tonumber}, + {"tostring", luaB_tostring}, + {"type", luaB_type}, + {"unpack", luaB_unpack}, + {"xpcall", luaB_xpcall}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Coroutine library +** ======================================================= +*/ + +#define CO_RUN 0 /* running */ +#define CO_SUS 1 /* suspended */ +#define CO_NOR 2 /* 'normal' (it resumed another coroutine) */ +#define CO_DEAD 3 + +static const char *const statnames[] = + {"running", "suspended", "normal", "dead"}; + +static int costatus (lua_State *L, lua_State *co) { + if (L == co) return CO_RUN; + switch (lua_status(co)) { + case LUA_YIELD: + return CO_SUS; + case 0: { + lua_Debug ar; + if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar) > 0) /* does it have frames? */ + return CO_NOR; /* it is running */ + else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0) + return CO_DEAD; + else + return CO_SUS; /* initial state */ + } + default: /* some error occured */ + return CO_DEAD; + } +} + + +static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) { + lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1); + luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected"); + lua_pushstring(L, statnames[costatus(L, co)]); + return 1; +} + + +static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) { + int status = costatus(L, co); + if (!lua_checkstack(co, narg)) + luaL_error(L, "too many arguments to resume"); + if (status != CO_SUS) { + lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot resume %s coroutine", statnames[status]); + return -1; /* error flag */ + } + lua_xmove(L, co, narg); + lua_setlevel(L, co); + status = lua_resume(co, narg); + if (status == 0 || status == LUA_YIELD) { + int nres = lua_gettop(co); + if (!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1)) + luaL_error(L, "too many results to resume"); + lua_xmove(co, L, nres); /* move yielded values */ + return nres; + } + else { + lua_xmove(co, L, 1); /* move error message */ + return -1; /* error flag */ + } +} + + +static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) { + lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1); + int r; + luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected"); + r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1); + if (r < 0) { + lua_pushboolean(L, 0); + lua_insert(L, -2); + return 2; /* return false + error message */ + } + else { + lua_pushboolean(L, 1); + lua_insert(L, -(r + 1)); + return r + 1; /* return true + `resume' returns */ + } +} + + +static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) { + lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); + int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L)); + if (r < 0) { + if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) { /* error object is a string? */ + luaL_where(L, 1); /* add extra info */ + lua_insert(L, -2); + lua_concat(L, 2); + } + lua_error(L); /* propagate error */ + } + return r; +} + + +static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) { + lua_State *NL = lua_newthread(L); + luaL_argcheck(L, lua_isfunction(L, 1) && !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1, + "Lua function expected"); + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* move function to top */ + lua_xmove(L, NL, 1); /* move function from L to NL */ + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) { + luaB_cocreate(L); + lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1); + return 1; +} + + +static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) { + return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L)); +} + + +static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) { + if (lua_pushthread(L)) + lua_pushnil(L); /* main thread is not a coroutine */ + return 1; +} + + +static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = { + {"create", luaB_cocreate}, + {"resume", luaB_coresume}, + {"running", luaB_corunning}, + {"status", luaB_costatus}, + {"wrap", luaB_cowrap}, + {"yield", luaB_yield}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +static void auxopen (lua_State *L, const char *name, + lua_CFunction f, lua_CFunction u) { + lua_pushcfunction(L, u); + lua_pushcclosure(L, f, 1); + lua_setfield(L, -2, name); +} + + +static void base_open (lua_State *L) { + /* set global _G */ + lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); + lua_setglobal(L, "_G"); + /* open lib into global table */ + luaL_register(L, "_G", base_funcs); + lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION); + lua_setglobal(L, "_VERSION"); /* set global _VERSION */ + /* `ipairs' and `pairs' need auxiliary functions as upvalues */ + auxopen(L, "ipairs", luaB_ipairs, ipairsaux); + auxopen(L, "pairs", luaB_pairs, luaB_next); + /* `newproxy' needs a weaktable as upvalue */ + lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* new table `w' */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* `w' will be its own metatable */ + lua_setmetatable(L, -2); + lua_pushliteral(L, "kv"); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /* metatable(w).__mode = "kv" */ + lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_newproxy, 1); + lua_setglobal(L, "newproxy"); /* set global `newproxy' */ +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) { + base_open(L); + luaL_register(L, LUA_COLIBNAME, co_funcs); + return 2; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lcode.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lcode.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..679cb9c --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lcode.c @@ -0,0 +1,831 @@ +/* +** $Id: lcode.c,v 2.25.1.5 2011/01/31 14:53:16 roberto Exp $ +** Code generator for Lua +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stdlib.h> + +#define lcode_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lcode.h" +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lgc.h" +#include "llex.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lopcodes.h" +#include "lparser.h" +#include "ltable.h" + + +#define hasjumps(e) ((e)->t != (e)->f) + + +static int isnumeral(expdesc *e) { + return (e->k == VKNUM && e->t == NO_JUMP && e->f == NO_JUMP); +} + + +void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n) { + Instruction *previous; + if (fs->pc > fs->lasttarget) { /* no jumps to current position? */ + if (fs->pc == 0) { /* function start? */ + if (from >= fs->nactvar) + return; /* positions are already clean */ + } + else { + previous = &fs->f->code[fs->pc-1]; + if (GET_OPCODE(*previous) == OP_LOADNIL) { + int pfrom = GETARG_A(*previous); + int pto = GETARG_B(*previous); + if (pfrom <= from && from <= pto+1) { /* can connect both? */ + if (from+n-1 > pto) + SETARG_B(*previous, from+n-1); + return; + } + } + } + } + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADNIL, from, from+n-1, 0); /* else no optimization */ +} + + +int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs) { + int jpc = fs->jpc; /* save list of jumps to here */ + int j; + fs->jpc = NO_JUMP; + j = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_JMP, 0, NO_JUMP); + luaK_concat(fs, &j, jpc); /* keep them on hold */ + return j; +} + + +void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret) { + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_RETURN, first, nret+1, 0); +} + + +static int condjump (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int A, int B, int C) { + luaK_codeABC(fs, op, A, B, C); + return luaK_jump(fs); +} + + +static void fixjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest) { + Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc]; + int offset = dest-(pc+1); + lua_assert(dest != NO_JUMP); + if (abs(offset) > MAXARG_sBx) + luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long"); + SETARG_sBx(*jmp, offset); +} + + +/* +** returns current `pc' and marks it as a jump target (to avoid wrong +** optimizations with consecutive instructions not in the same basic block). +*/ +int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs) { + fs->lasttarget = fs->pc; + return fs->pc; +} + + +static int getjump (FuncState *fs, int pc) { + int offset = GETARG_sBx(fs->f->code[pc]); + if (offset == NO_JUMP) /* point to itself represents end of list */ + return NO_JUMP; /* end of list */ + else + return (pc+1)+offset; /* turn offset into absolute position */ +} + + +static Instruction *getjumpcontrol (FuncState *fs, int pc) { + Instruction *pi = &fs->f->code[pc]; + if (pc >= 1 && testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*(pi-1)))) + return pi-1; + else + return pi; +} + + +/* +** check whether list has any jump that do not produce a value +** (or produce an inverted value) +*/ +static int need_value (FuncState *fs, int list) { + for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list)) { + Instruction i = *getjumpcontrol(fs, list); + if (GET_OPCODE(i) != OP_TESTSET) return 1; + } + return 0; /* not found */ +} + + +static int patchtestreg (FuncState *fs, int node, int reg) { + Instruction *i = getjumpcontrol(fs, node); + if (GET_OPCODE(*i) != OP_TESTSET) + return 0; /* cannot patch other instructions */ + if (reg != NO_REG && reg != GETARG_B(*i)) + SETARG_A(*i, reg); + else /* no register to put value or register already has the value */ + *i = CREATE_ABC(OP_TEST, GETARG_B(*i), 0, GETARG_C(*i)); + + return 1; +} + + +static void removevalues (FuncState *fs, int list) { + for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list)) + patchtestreg(fs, list, NO_REG); +} + + +static void patchlistaux (FuncState *fs, int list, int vtarget, int reg, + int dtarget) { + while (list != NO_JUMP) { + int next = getjump(fs, list); + if (patchtestreg(fs, list, reg)) + fixjump(fs, list, vtarget); + else + fixjump(fs, list, dtarget); /* jump to default target */ + list = next; + } +} + + +static void dischargejpc (FuncState *fs) { + patchlistaux(fs, fs->jpc, fs->pc, NO_REG, fs->pc); + fs->jpc = NO_JUMP; +} + + +void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target) { + if (target == fs->pc) + luaK_patchtohere(fs, list); + else { + lua_assert(target < fs->pc); + patchlistaux(fs, list, target, NO_REG, target); + } +} + + +void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list) { + luaK_getlabel(fs); + luaK_concat(fs, &fs->jpc, list); +} + + +void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2) { + if (l2 == NO_JUMP) return; + else if (*l1 == NO_JUMP) + *l1 = l2; + else { + int list = *l1; + int next; + while ((next = getjump(fs, list)) != NO_JUMP) /* find last element */ + list = next; + fixjump(fs, list, l2); + } +} + + +void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) { + int newstack = fs->freereg + n; + if (newstack > fs->f->maxstacksize) { + if (newstack >= MAXSTACK) + luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "function or expression too complex"); + fs->f->maxstacksize = cast_byte(newstack); + } +} + + +void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n) { + luaK_checkstack(fs, n); + fs->freereg += n; +} + + +static void freereg (FuncState *fs, int reg) { + if (!ISK(reg) && reg >= fs->nactvar) { + fs->freereg--; + lua_assert(reg == fs->freereg); + } +} + + +static void freeexp (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + if (e->k == VNONRELOC) + freereg(fs, e->u.s.info); +} + + +static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *k, TValue *v) { + lua_State *L = fs->L; + TValue *idx = luaH_set(L, fs->h, k); + Proto *f = fs->f; + int oldsize = f->sizek; + if (ttisnumber(idx)) { + lua_assert(luaO_rawequalObj(&fs->f->k[cast_int(nvalue(idx))], v)); + return cast_int(nvalue(idx)); + } + else { /* constant not found; create a new entry */ + setnvalue(idx, cast_num(fs->nk)); + luaM_growvector(L, f->k, fs->nk, f->sizek, TValue, + MAXARG_Bx, "constant table overflow"); + while (oldsize < f->sizek) setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]); + setobj(L, &f->k[fs->nk], v); + luaC_barrier(L, f, v); + return fs->nk++; + } +} + + +int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) { + TValue o; + setsvalue(fs->L, &o, s); + return addk(fs, &o, &o); +} + + +int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) { + TValue o; + setnvalue(&o, r); + return addk(fs, &o, &o); +} + + +static int boolK (FuncState *fs, int b) { + TValue o; + setbvalue(&o, b); + return addk(fs, &o, &o); +} + + +static int nilK (FuncState *fs) { + TValue k, v; + setnilvalue(&v); + /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself to represent nil */ + sethvalue(fs->L, &k, fs->h); + return addk(fs, &k, &v); +} + + +void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) { + if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */ + SETARG_C(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1); + } + else if (e->k == VVARARG) { + SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1); + SETARG_A(getcode(fs, e), fs->freereg); + luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1); + } +} + + +void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */ + e->k = VNONRELOC; + e->u.s.info = GETARG_A(getcode(fs, e)); + } + else if (e->k == VVARARG) { + SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), 2); + e->k = VRELOCABLE; /* can relocate its simple result */ + } +} + + +void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + switch (e->k) { + case VLOCAL: { + e->k = VNONRELOC; + break; + } + case VUPVAL: { + e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, 0, e->u.s.info, 0); + e->k = VRELOCABLE; + break; + } + case VGLOBAL: { + e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_GETGLOBAL, 0, e->u.s.info); + e->k = VRELOCABLE; + break; + } + case VINDEXED: { + freereg(fs, e->u.s.aux); + freereg(fs, e->u.s.info); + e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETTABLE, 0, e->u.s.info, e->u.s.aux); + e->k = VRELOCABLE; + break; + } + case VVARARG: + case VCALL: { + luaK_setoneret(fs, e); + break; + } + default: break; /* there is one value available (somewhere) */ + } +} + + +static int code_label (FuncState *fs, int A, int b, int jump) { + luaK_getlabel(fs); /* those instructions may be jump targets */ + return luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, A, b, jump); +} + + +static void discharge2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) { + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e); + switch (e->k) { + case VNIL: { + luaK_nil(fs, reg, 1); + break; + } + case VFALSE: case VTRUE: { + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, reg, e->k == VTRUE, 0); + break; + } + case VK: { + luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, e->u.s.info); + break; + } + case VKNUM: { + luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval)); + break; + } + case VRELOCABLE: { + Instruction *pc = &getcode(fs, e); + SETARG_A(*pc, reg); + break; + } + case VNONRELOC: { + if (reg != e->u.s.info) + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, reg, e->u.s.info, 0); + break; + } + default: { + lua_assert(e->k == VVOID || e->k == VJMP); + return; /* nothing to do... */ + } + } + e->u.s.info = reg; + e->k = VNONRELOC; +} + + +static void discharge2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + if (e->k != VNONRELOC) { + luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1); + discharge2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg-1); + } +} + + +static void exp2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) { + discharge2reg(fs, e, reg); + if (e->k == VJMP) + luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, e->u.s.info); /* put this jump in `t' list */ + if (hasjumps(e)) { + int final; /* position after whole expression */ + int p_f = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD false */ + int p_t = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD true */ + if (need_value(fs, e->t) || need_value(fs, e->f)) { + int fj = (e->k == VJMP) ? NO_JUMP : luaK_jump(fs); + p_f = code_label(fs, reg, 0, 1); + p_t = code_label(fs, reg, 1, 0); + luaK_patchtohere(fs, fj); + } + final = luaK_getlabel(fs); + patchlistaux(fs, e->f, final, reg, p_f); + patchlistaux(fs, e->t, final, reg, p_t); + } + e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP; + e->u.s.info = reg; + e->k = VNONRELOC; +} + + +void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e); + freeexp(fs, e); + luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1); + exp2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg - 1); +} + + +int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e); + if (e->k == VNONRELOC) { + if (!hasjumps(e)) return e->u.s.info; /* exp is already in a register */ + if (e->u.s.info >= fs->nactvar) { /* reg. is not a local? */ + exp2reg(fs, e, e->u.s.info); /* put value on it */ + return e->u.s.info; + } + } + luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* default */ + return e->u.s.info; +} + + +void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + if (hasjumps(e)) + luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); + else + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e); +} + + +int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + luaK_exp2val(fs, e); + switch (e->k) { + case VKNUM: + case VTRUE: + case VFALSE: + case VNIL: { + if (fs->nk <= MAXINDEXRK) { /* constant fit in RK operand? */ + e->u.s.info = (e->k == VNIL) ? nilK(fs) : + (e->k == VKNUM) ? luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval) : + boolK(fs, (e->k == VTRUE)); + e->k = VK; + return RKASK(e->u.s.info); + } + else break; + } + case VK: { + if (e->u.s.info <= MAXINDEXRK) /* constant fit in argC? */ + return RKASK(e->u.s.info); + else break; + } + default: break; + } + /* not a constant in the right range: put it in a register */ + return luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); +} + + +void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) { + switch (var->k) { + case VLOCAL: { + freeexp(fs, ex); + exp2reg(fs, ex, var->u.s.info); + return; + } + case VUPVAL: { + int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex); + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETUPVAL, e, var->u.s.info, 0); + break; + } + case VGLOBAL: { + int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex); + luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_SETGLOBAL, e, var->u.s.info); + break; + } + case VINDEXED: { + int e = luaK_exp2RK(fs, ex); + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETTABLE, var->u.s.info, var->u.s.aux, e); + break; + } + default: { + lua_assert(0); /* invalid var kind to store */ + break; + } + } + freeexp(fs, ex); +} + + +void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) { + int func; + luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); + freeexp(fs, e); + func = fs->freereg; + luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2); + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SELF, func, e->u.s.info, luaK_exp2RK(fs, key)); + freeexp(fs, key); + e->u.s.info = func; + e->k = VNONRELOC; +} + + +static void invertjump (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + Instruction *pc = getjumpcontrol(fs, e->u.s.info); + lua_assert(testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*pc)) && GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TESTSET && + GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TEST); + SETARG_A(*pc, !(GETARG_A(*pc))); +} + + +static int jumponcond (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int cond) { + if (e->k == VRELOCABLE) { + Instruction ie = getcode(fs, e); + if (GET_OPCODE(ie) == OP_NOT) { + fs->pc--; /* remove previous OP_NOT */ + return condjump(fs, OP_TEST, GETARG_B(ie), 0, !cond); + } + /* else go through */ + } + discharge2anyreg(fs, e); + freeexp(fs, e); + return condjump(fs, OP_TESTSET, NO_REG, e->u.s.info, cond); +} + + +void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + int pc; /* pc of last jump */ + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e); + switch (e->k) { + case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: { + pc = NO_JUMP; /* always true; do nothing */ + break; + } + case VJMP: { + invertjump(fs, e); + pc = e->u.s.info; + break; + } + default: { + pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 0); + break; + } + } + luaK_concat(fs, &e->f, pc); /* insert last jump in `f' list */ + luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->t); + e->t = NO_JUMP; +} + + +static void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + int pc; /* pc of last jump */ + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e); + switch (e->k) { + case VNIL: case VFALSE: { + pc = NO_JUMP; /* always false; do nothing */ + break; + } + case VJMP: { + pc = e->u.s.info; + break; + } + default: { + pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 1); + break; + } + } + luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, pc); /* insert last jump in `t' list */ + luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->f); + e->f = NO_JUMP; +} + + +static void codenot (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) { + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e); + switch (e->k) { + case VNIL: case VFALSE: { + e->k = VTRUE; + break; + } + case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: { + e->k = VFALSE; + break; + } + case VJMP: { + invertjump(fs, e); + break; + } + case VRELOCABLE: + case VNONRELOC: { + discharge2anyreg(fs, e); + freeexp(fs, e); + e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NOT, 0, e->u.s.info, 0); + e->k = VRELOCABLE; + break; + } + default: { + lua_assert(0); /* cannot happen */ + break; + } + } + /* interchange true and false lists */ + { int temp = e->f; e->f = e->t; e->t = temp; } + removevalues(fs, e->f); + removevalues(fs, e->t); +} + + +void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k) { + t->u.s.aux = luaK_exp2RK(fs, k); + t->k = VINDEXED; +} + + +static int constfolding (OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) { + lua_Number v1, v2, r; + if (!isnumeral(e1) || !isnumeral(e2)) return 0; + v1 = e1->u.nval; + v2 = e2->u.nval; + switch (op) { + case OP_ADD: r = luai_numadd(v1, v2); break; + case OP_SUB: r = luai_numsub(v1, v2); break; + case OP_MUL: r = luai_nummul(v1, v2); break; + case OP_DIV: + if (v2 == 0) return 0; /* do not attempt to divide by 0 */ + r = luai_numdiv(v1, v2); break; + case OP_MOD: + if (v2 == 0) return 0; /* do not attempt to divide by 0 */ + r = luai_nummod(v1, v2); break; + case OP_POW: r = luai_numpow(v1, v2); break; + case OP_UNM: r = luai_numunm(v1); break; + case OP_LEN: return 0; /* no constant folding for 'len' */ + default: lua_assert(0); r = 0; break; + } + if (luai_numisnan(r)) return 0; /* do not attempt to produce NaN */ + e1->u.nval = r; + return 1; +} + + +static void codearith (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) { + if (constfolding(op, e1, e2)) + return; + else { + int o2 = (op != OP_UNM && op != OP_LEN) ? luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2) : 0; + int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1); + if (o1 > o2) { + freeexp(fs, e1); + freeexp(fs, e2); + } + else { + freeexp(fs, e2); + freeexp(fs, e1); + } + e1->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, o1, o2); + e1->k = VRELOCABLE; + } +} + + +static void codecomp (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int cond, expdesc *e1, + expdesc *e2) { + int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1); + int o2 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2); + freeexp(fs, e2); + freeexp(fs, e1); + if (cond == 0 && op != OP_EQ) { + int temp; /* exchange args to replace by `<' or `<=' */ + temp = o1; o1 = o2; o2 = temp; /* o1 <==> o2 */ + cond = 1; + } + e1->u.s.info = condjump(fs, op, cond, o1, o2); + e1->k = VJMP; +} + + +void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *e) { + expdesc e2; + e2.t = e2.f = NO_JUMP; e2.k = VKNUM; e2.u.nval = 0; + switch (op) { + case OPR_MINUS: { + if (!isnumeral(e)) + luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); /* cannot operate on non-numeric constants */ + codearith(fs, OP_UNM, e, &e2); + break; + } + case OPR_NOT: codenot(fs, e); break; + case OPR_LEN: { + luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); /* cannot operate on constants */ + codearith(fs, OP_LEN, e, &e2); + break; + } + default: lua_assert(0); + } +} + + +void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v) { + switch (op) { + case OPR_AND: { + luaK_goiftrue(fs, v); + break; + } + case OPR_OR: { + luaK_goiffalse(fs, v); + break; + } + case OPR_CONCAT: { + luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v); /* operand must be on the `stack' */ + break; + } + case OPR_ADD: case OPR_SUB: case OPR_MUL: case OPR_DIV: + case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW: { + if (!isnumeral(v)) luaK_exp2RK(fs, v); + break; + } + default: { + luaK_exp2RK(fs, v); + break; + } + } +} + + +void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) { + switch (op) { + case OPR_AND: { + lua_assert(e1->t == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */ + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2); + luaK_concat(fs, &e2->f, e1->f); + *e1 = *e2; + break; + } + case OPR_OR: { + lua_assert(e1->f == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */ + luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2); + luaK_concat(fs, &e2->t, e1->t); + *e1 = *e2; + break; + } + case OPR_CONCAT: { + luaK_exp2val(fs, e2); + if (e2->k == VRELOCABLE && GET_OPCODE(getcode(fs, e2)) == OP_CONCAT) { + lua_assert(e1->u.s.info == GETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2))-1); + freeexp(fs, e1); + SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2), e1->u.s.info); + e1->k = VRELOCABLE; e1->u.s.info = e2->u.s.info; + } + else { + luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e2); /* operand must be on the 'stack' */ + codearith(fs, OP_CONCAT, e1, e2); + } + break; + } + case OPR_ADD: codearith(fs, OP_ADD, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_SUB: codearith(fs, OP_SUB, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_MUL: codearith(fs, OP_MUL, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_DIV: codearith(fs, OP_DIV, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_MOD: codearith(fs, OP_MOD, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_POW: codearith(fs, OP_POW, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_EQ: codecomp(fs, OP_EQ, 1, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_NE: codecomp(fs, OP_EQ, 0, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_LT: codecomp(fs, OP_LT, 1, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_LE: codecomp(fs, OP_LE, 1, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_GT: codecomp(fs, OP_LT, 0, e1, e2); break; + case OPR_GE: codecomp(fs, OP_LE, 0, e1, e2); break; + default: lua_assert(0); + } +} + + +void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line) { + fs->f->lineinfo[fs->pc - 1] = line; +} + + +static int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i, int line) { + Proto *f = fs->f; + dischargejpc(fs); /* `pc' will change */ + /* put new instruction in code array */ + luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->code, fs->pc, f->sizecode, Instruction, + MAX_INT, "code size overflow"); + f->code[fs->pc] = i; + /* save corresponding line information */ + luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->lineinfo, fs->pc, f->sizelineinfo, int, + MAX_INT, "code size overflow"); + f->lineinfo[fs->pc] = line; + return fs->pc++; +} + + +int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b, int c) { + lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABC); + lua_assert(getBMode(o) != OpArgN || b == 0); + lua_assert(getCMode(o) != OpArgN || c == 0); + return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABC(o, a, b, c), fs->ls->lastline); +} + + +int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, unsigned int bc) { + lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABx || getOpMode(o) == iAsBx); + lua_assert(getCMode(o) == OpArgN); + return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, bc), fs->ls->lastline); +} + + +void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore) { + int c = (nelems - 1)/LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH + 1; + int b = (tostore == LUA_MULTRET) ? 0 : tostore; + lua_assert(tostore != 0); + if (c <= MAXARG_C) + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, c); + else { + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, 0); + luaK_code(fs, cast(Instruction, c), fs->ls->lastline); + } + fs->freereg = base + 1; /* free registers with list values */ +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lcode.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lcode.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b941c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lcode.h @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +/* +** $Id: lcode.h,v 1.48.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Code generator for Lua +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lcode_h +#define lcode_h + +#include "llex.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lopcodes.h" +#include "lparser.h" + + +/* +** Marks the end of a patch list. It is an invalid value both as an absolute +** address, and as a list link (would link an element to itself). +*/ +#define NO_JUMP (-1) + + +/* +** grep "ORDER OPR" if you change these enums +*/ +typedef enum BinOpr { + OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_DIV, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW, + OPR_CONCAT, + OPR_NE, OPR_EQ, + OPR_LT, OPR_LE, OPR_GT, OPR_GE, + OPR_AND, OPR_OR, + OPR_NOBINOPR +} BinOpr; + + +typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr; + + +#define getcode(fs,e) ((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.s.info]) + +#define luaK_codeAsBx(fs,o,A,sBx) luaK_codeABx(fs,o,A,(sBx)+MAXARG_sBx) + +#define luaK_setmultret(fs,e) luaK_setreturns(fs, e, LUA_MULTRET) + +LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx); +LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n); +LUAI_FUNC int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s); +LUAI_FUNC int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e); +LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e); +LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e); +LUAI_FUNC int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2); +LUAI_FUNC int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *v); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v1, expdesc *v2); +LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore); + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldblib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldblib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2027eda --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldblib.c @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ +/* +** $Id: ldblib.c,v 1.104.1.4 2009/08/04 18:50:18 roberto Exp $ +** Interface from Lua to its debug API +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define ldblib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + + +static int db_getregistry (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); + return 1; +} + + +static int db_getmetatable (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) { + lua_pushnil(L); /* no metatable */ + } + return 1; +} + + +static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) { + int t = lua_type(L, 2); + luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2, + "nil or table expected"); + lua_settop(L, 2); + lua_pushboolean(L, lua_setmetatable(L, 1)); + return 1; +} + + +static int db_getfenv (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + lua_getfenv(L, 1); + return 1; +} + + +static int db_setfenv (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE); + lua_settop(L, 2); + if (lua_setfenv(L, 1) == 0) + luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("setfenv") + " cannot change environment of given object"); + return 1; +} + + +static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *i, const char *v) { + lua_pushstring(L, v); + lua_setfield(L, -2, i); +} + + +static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) { + lua_pushinteger(L, v); + lua_setfield(L, -2, i); +} + + +static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) { + if (lua_isthread(L, 1)) { + *arg = 1; + return lua_tothread(L, 1); + } + else { + *arg = 0; + return L; + } +} + + +static void treatstackoption (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *fname) { + if (L == L1) { + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); + lua_remove(L, -3); + } + else + lua_xmove(L1, L, 1); + lua_setfield(L, -2, fname); +} + + +static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) { + lua_Debug ar; + int arg; + lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg); + const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnSu"); + if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+1)) { + if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+1), &ar)) { + lua_pushnil(L); /* level out of range */ + return 1; + } + } + else if (lua_isfunction(L, arg+1)) { + lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options); + options = lua_tostring(L, -1); + lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1); + lua_xmove(L, L1, 1); + } + else + return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "function or level expected"); + if (!lua_getinfo(L1, options, &ar)) + return luaL_argerror(L, arg+2, "invalid option"); + lua_createtable(L, 0, 2); + if (strchr(options, 'S')) { + settabss(L, "source", ar.source); + settabss(L, "short_src", ar.short_src); + settabsi(L, "linedefined", ar.linedefined); + settabsi(L, "lastlinedefined", ar.lastlinedefined); + settabss(L, "what", ar.what); + } + if (strchr(options, 'l')) + settabsi(L, "currentline", ar.currentline); + if (strchr(options, 'u')) + settabsi(L, "nups", ar.nups); + if (strchr(options, 'n')) { + settabss(L, "name", ar.name); + settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat); + } + if (strchr(options, 'L')) + treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines"); + if (strchr(options, 'f')) + treatstackoption(L, L1, "func"); + return 1; /* return table */ +} + + +static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) { + int arg; + lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg); + lua_Debug ar; + const char *name; + if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */ + return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range"); + name = lua_getlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2)); + if (name) { + lua_xmove(L1, L, 1); + lua_pushstring(L, name); + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); + return 2; + } + else { + lua_pushnil(L); + return 1; + } +} + + +static int db_setlocal (lua_State *L) { + int arg; + lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg); + lua_Debug ar; + if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */ + return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range"); + luaL_checkany(L, arg+3); + lua_settop(L, arg+3); + lua_xmove(L, L1, 1); + lua_pushstring(L, lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2))); + return 1; +} + + +static int auxupvalue (lua_State *L, int get) { + const char *name; + int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2); + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION); + if (lua_iscfunction(L, 1)) return 0; /* cannot touch C upvalues from Lua */ + name = get ? lua_getupvalue(L, 1, n) : lua_setupvalue(L, 1, n); + if (name == NULL) return 0; + lua_pushstring(L, name); + lua_insert(L, -(get+1)); + return get + 1; +} + + +static int db_getupvalue (lua_State *L) { + return auxupvalue(L, 1); +} + + +static int db_setupvalue (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkany(L, 3); + return auxupvalue(L, 0); +} + + + +static const char KEY_HOOK = 'h'; + + +static void hookf (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) { + static const char *const hooknames[] = + {"call", "return", "line", "count", "tail return"}; + lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK); + lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); + lua_pushlightuserdata(L, L); + lua_rawget(L, -2); + if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) { + lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]); + if (ar->currentline >= 0) + lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline); + else lua_pushnil(L); + lua_assert(lua_getinfo(L, "lS", ar)); + lua_call(L, 2, 0); + } +} + + +static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) { + int mask = 0; + if (strchr(smask, 'c')) mask |= LUA_MASKCALL; + if (strchr(smask, 'r')) mask |= LUA_MASKRET; + if (strchr(smask, 'l')) mask |= LUA_MASKLINE; + if (count > 0) mask |= LUA_MASKCOUNT; + return mask; +} + + +static char *unmakemask (int mask, char *smask) { + int i = 0; + if (mask & LUA_MASKCALL) smask[i++] = 'c'; + if (mask & LUA_MASKRET) smask[i++] = 'r'; + if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) smask[i++] = 'l'; + smask[i] = '\0'; + return smask; +} + + +static void gethooktable (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK); + lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); + if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { + lua_pop(L, 1); + lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); + lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK); + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); + lua_rawset(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); + } +} + + +static int db_sethook (lua_State *L) { + int arg, mask, count; + lua_Hook func; + lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg); + if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) { + lua_settop(L, arg+1); + func = NULL; mask = 0; count = 0; /* turn off hooks */ + } + else { + const char *smask = luaL_checkstring(L, arg+2); + luaL_checktype(L, arg+1, LUA_TFUNCTION); + count = luaL_optint(L, arg+3, 0); + func = hookf; mask = makemask(smask, count); + } + gethooktable(L); + lua_pushlightuserdata(L, L1); + lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1); + lua_rawset(L, -3); /* set new hook */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove hook table */ + lua_sethook(L1, func, mask, count); /* set hooks */ + return 0; +} + + +static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) { + int arg; + lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg); + char buff[5]; + int mask = lua_gethookmask(L1); + lua_Hook hook = lua_gethook(L1); + if (hook != NULL && hook != hookf) /* external hook? */ + lua_pushliteral(L, "external hook"); + else { + gethooktable(L); + lua_pushlightuserdata(L, L1); + lua_rawget(L, -2); /* get hook */ + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove hook table */ + } + lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff)); + lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1)); + return 3; +} + + +static int db_debug (lua_State *L) { + for (;;) { + char buffer[250]; + fputs("lua_debug> ", stderr); + if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == 0 || + strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0) + return 0; + if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") || + lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0)) { + fputs(lua_tostring(L, -1), stderr); + fputs("\n", stderr); + } + lua_settop(L, 0); /* remove eventual returns */ + } +} + + +#define LEVELS1 12 /* size of the first part of the stack */ +#define LEVELS2 10 /* size of the second part of the stack */ + +static int db_errorfb (lua_State *L) { + int level; + int firstpart = 1; /* still before eventual `...' */ + int arg; + lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg); + lua_Debug ar; + if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+2)) { + level = (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+2); + lua_pop(L, 1); + } + else + level = (L == L1) ? 1 : 0; /* level 0 may be this own function */ + if (lua_gettop(L) == arg) + lua_pushliteral(L, ""); + else if (!lua_isstring(L, arg+1)) return 1; /* message is not a string */ + else lua_pushliteral(L, "\n"); + lua_pushliteral(L, "stack traceback:"); + while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) { + if (level > LEVELS1 && firstpart) { + /* no more than `LEVELS2' more levels? */ + if (!lua_getstack(L1, level+LEVELS2, &ar)) + level--; /* keep going */ + else { + lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t..."); /* too many levels */ + while (lua_getstack(L1, level+LEVELS2, &ar)) /* find last levels */ + level++; + } + firstpart = 0; + continue; + } + lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t"); + lua_getinfo(L1, "Snl", &ar); + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:", ar.short_src); + if (ar.currentline > 0) + lua_pushfstring(L, "%d:", ar.currentline); + if (*ar.namewhat != '\0') /* is there a name? */ + lua_pushfstring(L, " in function " LUA_QS, ar.name); + else { + if (*ar.what == 'm') /* main? */ + lua_pushfstring(L, " in main chunk"); + else if (*ar.what == 'C' || *ar.what == 't') + lua_pushliteral(L, " ?"); /* C function or tail call */ + else + lua_pushfstring(L, " in function <%s:%d>", + ar.short_src, ar.linedefined); + } + lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - arg); + } + lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - arg); + return 1; +} + + +static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = { + {"debug", db_debug}, + {"getfenv", db_getfenv}, + {"gethook", db_gethook}, + {"getinfo", db_getinfo}, + {"getlocal", db_getlocal}, + {"getregistry", db_getregistry}, + {"getmetatable", db_getmetatable}, + {"getupvalue", db_getupvalue}, + {"setfenv", db_setfenv}, + {"sethook", db_sethook}, + {"setlocal", db_setlocal}, + {"setmetatable", db_setmetatable}, + {"setupvalue", db_setupvalue}, + {"traceback", db_errorfb}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +LUALIB_API int luaopen_debug (lua_State *L) { + luaL_register(L, LUA_DBLIBNAME, dblib); + return 1; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldebug.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldebug.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50ad3d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldebug.c @@ -0,0 +1,638 @@ +/* +** $Id: ldebug.c,v 2.29.1.6 2008/05/08 16:56:26 roberto Exp $ +** Debug Interface +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stdarg.h> +#include <stddef.h> +#include <string.h> + + +#define ldebug_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lapi.h" +#include "lcode.h" +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lopcodes.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" +#include "ltm.h" +#include "lvm.h" + + + +static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name); + + +static int currentpc (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) { + if (!isLua(ci)) return -1; /* function is not a Lua function? */ + if (ci == L->ci) + ci->savedpc = L->savedpc; + return pcRel(ci->savedpc, ci_func(ci)->l.p); +} + + +static int currentline (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) { + int pc = currentpc(L, ci); + if (pc < 0) + return -1; /* only active lua functions have current-line information */ + else + return getline(ci_func(ci)->l.p, pc); +} + + +/* +** this function can be called asynchronous (e.g. during a signal) +*/ +LUA_API int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count) { + if (func == NULL || mask == 0) { /* turn off hooks? */ + mask = 0; + func = NULL; + } + L->hook = func; + L->basehookcount = count; + resethookcount(L); + L->hookmask = cast_byte(mask); + return 1; +} + + +LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L) { + return L->hook; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L) { + return L->hookmask; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L) { + return L->basehookcount; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar) { + int status; + CallInfo *ci; + lua_lock(L); + for (ci = L->ci; level > 0 && ci > L->base_ci; ci--) { + level--; + if (f_isLua(ci)) /* Lua function? */ + level -= ci->tailcalls; /* skip lost tail calls */ + } + if (level == 0 && ci > L->base_ci) { /* level found? */ + status = 1; + ar->i_ci = cast_int(ci - L->base_ci); + } + else if (level < 0) { /* level is of a lost tail call? */ + status = 1; + ar->i_ci = 0; + } + else status = 0; /* no such level */ + lua_unlock(L); + return status; +} + + +static Proto *getluaproto (CallInfo *ci) { + return (isLua(ci) ? ci_func(ci)->l.p : NULL); +} + + +static const char *findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n) { + const char *name; + Proto *fp = getluaproto(ci); + if (fp && (name = luaF_getlocalname(fp, n, currentpc(L, ci))) != NULL) + return name; /* is a local variable in a Lua function */ + else { + StkId limit = (ci == L->ci) ? L->top : (ci+1)->func; + if (limit - ci->base >= n && n > 0) /* is 'n' inside 'ci' stack? */ + return "(*temporary)"; + else + return NULL; + } +} + + +LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) { + CallInfo *ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci; + const char *name = findlocal(L, ci, n); + lua_lock(L); + if (name) + luaA_pushobject(L, ci->base + (n - 1)); + lua_unlock(L); + return name; +} + + +LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) { + CallInfo *ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci; + const char *name = findlocal(L, ci, n); + lua_lock(L); + if (name) + setobjs2s(L, ci->base + (n - 1), L->top - 1); + L->top--; /* pop value */ + lua_unlock(L); + return name; +} + + +static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) { + if (cl->c.isC) { + ar->source = "=[C]"; + ar->linedefined = -1; + ar->lastlinedefined = -1; + ar->what = "C"; + } + else { + ar->source = getstr(cl->l.p->source); + ar->linedefined = cl->l.p->linedefined; + ar->lastlinedefined = cl->l.p->lastlinedefined; + ar->what = (ar->linedefined == 0) ? "main" : "Lua"; + } + luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, LUA_IDSIZE); +} + + +static void info_tailcall (lua_Debug *ar) { + ar->name = ar->namewhat = ""; + ar->what = "tail"; + ar->lastlinedefined = ar->linedefined = ar->currentline = -1; + ar->source = "=(tail call)"; + luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, LUA_IDSIZE); + ar->nups = 0; +} + + +static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) { + if (f == NULL || f->c.isC) { + setnilvalue(L->top); + } + else { + Table *t = luaH_new(L, 0, 0); + int *lineinfo = f->l.p->lineinfo; + int i; + for (i=0; i<f->l.p->sizelineinfo; i++) + setbvalue(luaH_setnum(L, t, lineinfo[i]), 1); + sethvalue(L, L->top, t); + } + incr_top(L); +} + + +static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar, + Closure *f, CallInfo *ci) { + int status = 1; + if (f == NULL) { + info_tailcall(ar); + return status; + } + for (; *what; what++) { + switch (*what) { + case 'S': { + funcinfo(ar, f); + break; + } + case 'l': { + ar->currentline = (ci) ? currentline(L, ci) : -1; + break; + } + case 'u': { + ar->nups = f->c.nupvalues; + break; + } + case 'n': { + ar->namewhat = (ci) ? getfuncname(L, ci, &ar->name) : NULL; + if (ar->namewhat == NULL) { + ar->namewhat = ""; /* not found */ + ar->name = NULL; + } + break; + } + case 'L': + case 'f': /* handled by lua_getinfo */ + break; + default: status = 0; /* invalid option */ + } + } + return status; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar) { + int status; + Closure *f = NULL; + CallInfo *ci = NULL; + lua_lock(L); + if (*what == '>') { + StkId func = L->top - 1; + luai_apicheck(L, ttisfunction(func)); + what++; /* skip the '>' */ + f = clvalue(func); + L->top--; /* pop function */ + } + else if (ar->i_ci != 0) { /* no tail call? */ + ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci; + lua_assert(ttisfunction(ci->func)); + f = clvalue(ci->func); + } + status = auxgetinfo(L, what, ar, f, ci); + if (strchr(what, 'f')) { + if (f == NULL) setnilvalue(L->top); + else setclvalue(L, L->top, f); + incr_top(L); + } + if (strchr(what, 'L')) + collectvalidlines(L, f); + lua_unlock(L); + return status; +} + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Symbolic Execution and code checker +** ======================================================= +*/ + +#define check(x) if (!(x)) return 0; + +#define checkjump(pt,pc) check(0 <= pc && pc < pt->sizecode) + +#define checkreg(pt,reg) check((reg) < (pt)->maxstacksize) + + + +static int precheck (const Proto *pt) { + check(pt->maxstacksize <= MAXSTACK); + check(pt->numparams+(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG) <= pt->maxstacksize); + check(!(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG) || + (pt->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG)); + check(pt->sizeupvalues <= pt->nups); + check(pt->sizelineinfo == pt->sizecode || pt->sizelineinfo == 0); + check(pt->sizecode > 0 && GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pt->sizecode-1]) == OP_RETURN); + return 1; +} + + +#define checkopenop(pt,pc) luaG_checkopenop((pt)->code[(pc)+1]) + +int luaG_checkopenop (Instruction i) { + switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) { + case OP_CALL: + case OP_TAILCALL: + case OP_RETURN: + case OP_SETLIST: { + check(GETARG_B(i) == 0); + return 1; + } + default: return 0; /* invalid instruction after an open call */ + } +} + + +static int checkArgMode (const Proto *pt, int r, enum OpArgMask mode) { + switch (mode) { + case OpArgN: check(r == 0); break; + case OpArgU: break; + case OpArgR: checkreg(pt, r); break; + case OpArgK: + check(ISK(r) ? INDEXK(r) < pt->sizek : r < pt->maxstacksize); + break; + } + return 1; +} + + +static Instruction symbexec (const Proto *pt, int lastpc, int reg) { + int pc; + int last; /* stores position of last instruction that changed `reg' */ + last = pt->sizecode-1; /* points to final return (a `neutral' instruction) */ + check(precheck(pt)); + for (pc = 0; pc < lastpc; pc++) { + Instruction i = pt->code[pc]; + OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i); + int a = GETARG_A(i); + int b = 0; + int c = 0; + check(op < NUM_OPCODES); + checkreg(pt, a); + switch (getOpMode(op)) { + case iABC: { + b = GETARG_B(i); + c = GETARG_C(i); + check(checkArgMode(pt, b, getBMode(op))); + check(checkArgMode(pt, c, getCMode(op))); + break; + } + case iABx: { + b = GETARG_Bx(i); + if (getBMode(op) == OpArgK) check(b < pt->sizek); + break; + } + case iAsBx: { + b = GETARG_sBx(i); + if (getBMode(op) == OpArgR) { + int dest = pc+1+b; + check(0 <= dest && dest < pt->sizecode); + if (dest > 0) { + int j; + /* check that it does not jump to a setlist count; this + is tricky, because the count from a previous setlist may + have the same value of an invalid setlist; so, we must + go all the way back to the first of them (if any) */ + for (j = 0; j < dest; j++) { + Instruction d = pt->code[dest-1-j]; + if (!(GET_OPCODE(d) == OP_SETLIST && GETARG_C(d) == 0)) break; + } + /* if 'j' is even, previous value is not a setlist (even if + it looks like one) */ + check((j&1) == 0); + } + } + break; + } + } + if (testAMode(op)) { + if (a == reg) last = pc; /* change register `a' */ + } + if (testTMode(op)) { + check(pc+2 < pt->sizecode); /* check skip */ + check(GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pc+1]) == OP_JMP); + } + switch (op) { + case OP_LOADBOOL: { + if (c == 1) { /* does it jump? */ + check(pc+2 < pt->sizecode); /* check its jump */ + check(GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pc+1]) != OP_SETLIST || + GETARG_C(pt->code[pc+1]) != 0); + } + break; + } + case OP_LOADNIL: { + if (a <= reg && reg <= b) + last = pc; /* set registers from `a' to `b' */ + break; + } + case OP_GETUPVAL: + case OP_SETUPVAL: { + check(b < pt->nups); + break; + } + case OP_GETGLOBAL: + case OP_SETGLOBAL: { + check(ttisstring(&pt->k[b])); + break; + } + case OP_SELF: { + checkreg(pt, a+1); + if (reg == a+1) last = pc; + break; + } + case OP_CONCAT: { + check(b < c); /* at least two operands */ + break; + } + case OP_TFORLOOP: { + check(c >= 1); /* at least one result (control variable) */ + checkreg(pt, a+2+c); /* space for results */ + if (reg >= a+2) last = pc; /* affect all regs above its base */ + break; + } + case OP_FORLOOP: + case OP_FORPREP: + checkreg(pt, a+3); + /* go through */ + case OP_JMP: { + int dest = pc+1+b; + /* not full check and jump is forward and do not skip `lastpc'? */ + if (reg != NO_REG && pc < dest && dest <= lastpc) + pc += b; /* do the jump */ + break; + } + case OP_CALL: + case OP_TAILCALL: { + if (b != 0) { + checkreg(pt, a+b-1); + } + c--; /* c = num. returns */ + if (c == LUA_MULTRET) { + check(checkopenop(pt, pc)); + } + else if (c != 0) + checkreg(pt, a+c-1); + if (reg >= a) last = pc; /* affect all registers above base */ + break; + } + case OP_RETURN: { + b--; /* b = num. returns */ + if (b > 0) checkreg(pt, a+b-1); + break; + } + case OP_SETLIST: { + if (b > 0) checkreg(pt, a + b); + if (c == 0) { + pc++; + check(pc < pt->sizecode - 1); + } + break; + } + case OP_CLOSURE: { + int nup, j; + check(b < pt->sizep); + nup = pt->p[b]->nups; + check(pc + nup < pt->sizecode); + for (j = 1; j <= nup; j++) { + OpCode op1 = GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pc + j]); + check(op1 == OP_GETUPVAL || op1 == OP_MOVE); + } + if (reg != NO_REG) /* tracing? */ + pc += nup; /* do not 'execute' these pseudo-instructions */ + break; + } + case OP_VARARG: { + check((pt->is_vararg & VARARG_ISVARARG) && + !(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG)); + b--; + if (b == LUA_MULTRET) check(checkopenop(pt, pc)); + checkreg(pt, a+b-1); + break; + } + default: break; + } + } + return pt->code[last]; +} + +#undef check +#undef checkjump +#undef checkreg + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +int luaG_checkcode (const Proto *pt) { + return (symbexec(pt, pt->sizecode, NO_REG) != 0); +} + + +static const char *kname (Proto *p, int c) { + if (ISK(c) && ttisstring(&p->k[INDEXK(c)])) + return svalue(&p->k[INDEXK(c)]); + else + return "?"; +} + + +static const char *getobjname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int stackpos, + const char **name) { + if (isLua(ci)) { /* a Lua function? */ + Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->l.p; + int pc = currentpc(L, ci); + Instruction i; + *name = luaF_getlocalname(p, stackpos+1, pc); + if (*name) /* is a local? */ + return "local"; + i = symbexec(p, pc, stackpos); /* try symbolic execution */ + lua_assert(pc != -1); + switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) { + case OP_GETGLOBAL: { + int g = GETARG_Bx(i); /* global index */ + lua_assert(ttisstring(&p->k[g])); + *name = svalue(&p->k[g]); + return "global"; + } + case OP_MOVE: { + int a = GETARG_A(i); + int b = GETARG_B(i); /* move from `b' to `a' */ + if (b < a) + return getobjname(L, ci, b, name); /* get name for `b' */ + break; + } + case OP_GETTABLE: { + int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */ + *name = kname(p, k); + return "field"; + } + case OP_GETUPVAL: { + int u = GETARG_B(i); /* upvalue index */ + *name = p->upvalues ? getstr(p->upvalues[u]) : "?"; + return "upvalue"; + } + case OP_SELF: { + int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */ + *name = kname(p, k); + return "method"; + } + default: break; + } + } + return NULL; /* no useful name found */ +} + + +static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) { + Instruction i; + if ((isLua(ci) && ci->tailcalls > 0) || !isLua(ci - 1)) + return NULL; /* calling function is not Lua (or is unknown) */ + ci--; /* calling function */ + i = ci_func(ci)->l.p->code[currentpc(L, ci)]; + if (GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_CALL || GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TAILCALL || + GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORLOOP) + return getobjname(L, ci, GETARG_A(i), name); + else + return NULL; /* no useful name can be found */ +} + + +/* only ANSI way to check whether a pointer points to an array */ +static int isinstack (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o) { + StkId p; + for (p = ci->base; p < ci->top; p++) + if (o == p) return 1; + return 0; +} + + +void luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) { + const char *name = NULL; + const char *t = luaT_typenames[ttype(o)]; + const char *kind = (isinstack(L->ci, o)) ? + getobjname(L, L->ci, cast_int(o - L->base), &name) : + NULL; + if (kind) + luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s %s " LUA_QS " (a %s value)", + op, kind, name, t); + else + luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value", op, t); +} + + +void luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2) { + if (ttisstring(p1) || ttisnumber(p1)) p1 = p2; + lua_assert(!ttisstring(p1) && !ttisnumber(p1)); + luaG_typeerror(L, p1, "concatenate"); +} + + +void luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) { + TValue temp; + if (luaV_tonumber(p1, &temp) == NULL) + p2 = p1; /* first operand is wrong */ + luaG_typeerror(L, p2, "perform arithmetic on"); +} + + +int luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) { + const char *t1 = luaT_typenames[ttype(p1)]; + const char *t2 = luaT_typenames[ttype(p2)]; + if (t1[2] == t2[2]) + luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare two %s values", t1); + else + luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare %s with %s", t1, t2); + return 0; +} + + +static void addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg) { + CallInfo *ci = L->ci; + if (isLua(ci)) { /* is Lua code? */ + char buff[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* add file:line information */ + int line = currentline(L, ci); + luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(getluaproto(ci)->source), LUA_IDSIZE); + luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg); + } +} + + +void luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) { + if (L->errfunc != 0) { /* is there an error handling function? */ + StkId errfunc = restorestack(L, L->errfunc); + if (!ttisfunction(errfunc)) luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR); + setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1); /* move argument */ + setobjs2s(L, L->top - 1, errfunc); /* push function */ + incr_top(L); + luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 1); /* call it */ + } + luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN); +} + + +void luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) { + va_list argp; + va_start(argp, fmt); + addinfo(L, luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp)); + va_end(argp); + luaG_errormsg(L); +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldebug.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldebug.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba28a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldebug.h @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +/* +** $Id: ldebug.h,v 2.3.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Auxiliary functions from Debug Interface module +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef ldebug_h +#define ldebug_h + + +#include "lstate.h" + + +#define pcRel(pc, p) (cast(int, (pc) - (p)->code) - 1) + +#define getline(f,pc) (((f)->lineinfo) ? (f)->lineinfo[pc] : 0) + +#define resethookcount(L) (L->hookcount = L->basehookcount) + + +LUAI_FUNC void luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, + const char *opname); +LUAI_FUNC void luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2); +LUAI_FUNC void luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, + const TValue *p2); +LUAI_FUNC int luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, + const TValue *p2); +LUAI_FUNC void luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...); +LUAI_FUNC void luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC int luaG_checkcode (const Proto *pt); +LUAI_FUNC int luaG_checkopenop (Instruction i); + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldo.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldo.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1bf786 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldo.c @@ -0,0 +1,519 @@ +/* +** $Id: ldo.c,v 2.38.1.4 2012/01/18 02:27:10 roberto Exp $ +** Stack and Call structure of Lua +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <setjmp.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define ldo_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lgc.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lopcodes.h" +#include "lparser.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" +#include "ltm.h" +#include "lundump.h" +#include "lvm.h" +#include "lzio.h" + + + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Error-recovery functions +** ======================================================= +*/ + + +/* chain list of long jump buffers */ +struct lua_longjmp { + struct lua_longjmp *previous; + luai_jmpbuf b; + volatile int status; /* error code */ +}; + + +void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) { + switch (errcode) { + case LUA_ERRMEM: { + setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG)); + break; + } + case LUA_ERRERR: { + setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling")); + break; + } + case LUA_ERRSYNTAX: + case LUA_ERRRUN: { + setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top - 1); /* error message on current top */ + break; + } + } + L->top = oldtop + 1; +} + + +static void restore_stack_limit (lua_State *L) { + lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1); + if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) { /* there was an overflow? */ + int inuse = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci); + if (inuse + 1 < LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* can `undo' overflow? */ + luaD_reallocCI(L, LUAI_MAXCALLS); + } +} + + +static void resetstack (lua_State *L, int status) { + L->ci = L->base_ci; + L->base = L->ci->base; + luaF_close(L, L->base); /* close eventual pending closures */ + luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->base); + L->nCcalls = L->baseCcalls; + L->allowhook = 1; + restore_stack_limit(L); + L->errfunc = 0; + L->errorJmp = NULL; +} + + +void luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) { + if (L->errorJmp) { + L->errorJmp->status = errcode; + LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp); + } + else { + L->status = cast_byte(errcode); + if (G(L)->panic) { + resetstack(L, errcode); + lua_unlock(L); + G(L)->panic(L); + } + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + } +} + + +int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) { + struct lua_longjmp lj; + lj.status = 0; + lj.previous = L->errorJmp; /* chain new error handler */ + L->errorJmp = &lj; + LUAI_TRY(L, &lj, + (*f)(L, ud); + ); + L->errorJmp = lj.previous; /* restore old error handler */ + return lj.status; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +static void correctstack (lua_State *L, TValue *oldstack) { + CallInfo *ci; + GCObject *up; + L->top = (L->top - oldstack) + L->stack; + for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->gch.next) + gco2uv(up)->v = (gco2uv(up)->v - oldstack) + L->stack; + for (ci = L->base_ci; ci <= L->ci; ci++) { + ci->top = (ci->top - oldstack) + L->stack; + ci->base = (ci->base - oldstack) + L->stack; + ci->func = (ci->func - oldstack) + L->stack; + } + L->base = (L->base - oldstack) + L->stack; +} + + +void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize) { + TValue *oldstack = L->stack; + int realsize = newsize + 1 + EXTRA_STACK; + lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1); + luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack, L->stacksize, realsize, TValue); + L->stacksize = realsize; + L->stack_last = L->stack+newsize; + correctstack(L, oldstack); +} + + +void luaD_reallocCI (lua_State *L, int newsize) { + CallInfo *oldci = L->base_ci; + luaM_reallocvector(L, L->base_ci, L->size_ci, newsize, CallInfo); + L->size_ci = newsize; + L->ci = (L->ci - oldci) + L->base_ci; + L->end_ci = L->base_ci + L->size_ci - 1; +} + + +void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n) { + if (n <= L->stacksize) /* double size is enough? */ + luaD_reallocstack(L, 2*L->stacksize); + else + luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize + n); +} + + +static CallInfo *growCI (lua_State *L) { + if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* overflow while handling overflow? */ + luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR); + else { + luaD_reallocCI(L, 2*L->size_ci); + if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) + luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow"); + } + return ++L->ci; +} + + +void luaD_callhook (lua_State *L, int event, int line) { + lua_Hook hook = L->hook; + if (hook && L->allowhook) { + ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top); + ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, L->ci->top); + lua_Debug ar; + ar.event = event; + ar.currentline = line; + if (event == LUA_HOOKTAILRET) + ar.i_ci = 0; /* tail call; no debug information about it */ + else + ar.i_ci = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci); + luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */ + L->ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK; + lua_assert(L->ci->top <= L->stack_last); + L->allowhook = 0; /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */ + lua_unlock(L); + (*hook)(L, &ar); + lua_lock(L); + lua_assert(!L->allowhook); + L->allowhook = 1; + L->ci->top = restorestack(L, ci_top); + L->top = restorestack(L, top); + } +} + + +static StkId adjust_varargs (lua_State *L, Proto *p, int actual) { + int i; + int nfixargs = p->numparams; + Table *htab = NULL; + StkId base, fixed; + for (; actual < nfixargs; ++actual) + setnilvalue(L->top++); +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_VARARG) + if (p->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG) { /* compat. with old-style vararg? */ + int nvar = actual - nfixargs; /* number of extra arguments */ + lua_assert(p->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG); + luaC_checkGC(L); + luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize); + htab = luaH_new(L, nvar, 1); /* create `arg' table */ + for (i=0; i<nvar; i++) /* put extra arguments into `arg' table */ + setobj2n(L, luaH_setnum(L, htab, i+1), L->top - nvar + i); + /* store counter in field `n' */ + setnvalue(luaH_setstr(L, htab, luaS_newliteral(L, "n")), cast_num(nvar)); + } +#endif + /* move fixed parameters to final position */ + fixed = L->top - actual; /* first fixed argument */ + base = L->top; /* final position of first argument */ + for (i=0; i<nfixargs; i++) { + setobjs2s(L, L->top++, fixed+i); + setnilvalue(fixed+i); + } + /* add `arg' parameter */ + if (htab) { + sethvalue(L, L->top++, htab); + lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(htab))); + } + return base; +} + + +static StkId tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) { + const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, func, TM_CALL); + StkId p; + ptrdiff_t funcr = savestack(L, func); + if (!ttisfunction(tm)) + luaG_typeerror(L, func, "call"); + /* Open a hole inside the stack at `func' */ + for (p = L->top; p > func; p--) setobjs2s(L, p, p-1); + incr_top(L); + func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call may change stack */ + setobj2s(L, func, tm); /* tag method is the new function to be called */ + return func; +} + + + +#define inc_ci(L) \ + ((L->ci == L->end_ci) ? growCI(L) : \ + (condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocCI(L, L->size_ci)), ++L->ci)) + + +int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) { + LClosure *cl; + ptrdiff_t funcr; + if (!ttisfunction(func)) /* `func' is not a function? */ + func = tryfuncTM(L, func); /* check the `function' tag method */ + funcr = savestack(L, func); + cl = &clvalue(func)->l; + L->ci->savedpc = L->savedpc; + if (!cl->isC) { /* Lua function? prepare its call */ + CallInfo *ci; + StkId st, base; + Proto *p = cl->p; + luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize); + func = restorestack(L, funcr); + if (!p->is_vararg) { /* no varargs? */ + base = func + 1; + if (L->top > base + p->numparams) + L->top = base + p->numparams; + } + else { /* vararg function */ + int nargs = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1; + base = adjust_varargs(L, p, nargs); + func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call may change the stack */ + } + ci = inc_ci(L); /* now `enter' new function */ + ci->func = func; + L->base = ci->base = base; + ci->top = L->base + p->maxstacksize; + lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last); + L->savedpc = p->code; /* starting point */ + ci->tailcalls = 0; + ci->nresults = nresults; + for (st = L->top; st < ci->top; st++) + setnilvalue(st); + L->top = ci->top; + if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL) { + L->savedpc++; /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */ + luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1); + L->savedpc--; /* correct 'pc' */ + } + return PCRLUA; + } + else { /* if is a C function, call it */ + CallInfo *ci; + int n; + luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */ + ci = inc_ci(L); /* now `enter' new function */ + ci->func = restorestack(L, funcr); + L->base = ci->base = ci->func + 1; + ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK; + lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last); + ci->nresults = nresults; + if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL) + luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1); + lua_unlock(L); + n = (*curr_func(L)->c.f)(L); /* do the actual call */ + lua_lock(L); + if (n < 0) /* yielding? */ + return PCRYIELD; + else { + luaD_poscall(L, L->top - n); + return PCRC; + } + } +} + + +static StkId callrethooks (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult) { + ptrdiff_t fr = savestack(L, firstResult); /* next call may change stack */ + luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1); + if (f_isLua(L->ci)) { /* Lua function? */ + while ((L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET) && L->ci->tailcalls--) /* tail calls */ + luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKTAILRET, -1); + } + return restorestack(L, fr); +} + + +int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult) { + StkId res; + int wanted, i; + CallInfo *ci; + if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET) + firstResult = callrethooks(L, firstResult); + ci = L->ci--; + res = ci->func; /* res == final position of 1st result */ + wanted = ci->nresults; + L->base = (ci - 1)->base; /* restore base */ + L->savedpc = (ci - 1)->savedpc; /* restore savedpc */ + /* move results to correct place */ + for (i = wanted; i != 0 && firstResult < L->top; i--) + setobjs2s(L, res++, firstResult++); + while (i-- > 0) + setnilvalue(res++); + L->top = res; + return (wanted - LUA_MULTRET); /* 0 iff wanted == LUA_MULTRET */ +} + + +/* +** Call a function (C or Lua). The function to be called is at *func. +** The arguments are on the stack, right after the function. +** When returns, all the results are on the stack, starting at the original +** function position. +*/ +void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) { + if (++L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS) { + if (L->nCcalls == LUAI_MAXCCALLS) + luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow"); + else if (L->nCcalls >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS + (LUAI_MAXCCALLS>>3))) + luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR); /* error while handing stack error */ + } + if (luaD_precall(L, func, nResults) == PCRLUA) /* is a Lua function? */ + luaV_execute(L, 1); /* call it */ + L->nCcalls--; + luaC_checkGC(L); +} + + +static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) { + StkId firstArg = cast(StkId, ud); + CallInfo *ci = L->ci; + if (L->status == 0) { /* start coroutine? */ + lua_assert(ci == L->base_ci && firstArg > L->base); + if (luaD_precall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET) != PCRLUA) + return; + } + else { /* resuming from previous yield */ + lua_assert(L->status == LUA_YIELD); + L->status = 0; + if (!f_isLua(ci)) { /* `common' yield? */ + /* finish interrupted execution of `OP_CALL' */ + lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((ci-1)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL || + GET_OPCODE(*((ci-1)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_TAILCALL); + if (luaD_poscall(L, firstArg)) /* complete it... */ + L->top = L->ci->top; /* and correct top if not multiple results */ + } + else /* yielded inside a hook: just continue its execution */ + L->base = L->ci->base; + } + luaV_execute(L, cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci)); +} + + +static int resume_error (lua_State *L, const char *msg) { + L->top = L->ci->base; + setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, msg)); + incr_top(L); + lua_unlock(L); + return LUA_ERRRUN; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, int nargs) { + int status; + lua_lock(L); + if (L->status != LUA_YIELD && (L->status != 0 || L->ci != L->base_ci)) + return resume_error(L, "cannot resume non-suspended coroutine"); + if (L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS) + return resume_error(L, "C stack overflow"); + luai_userstateresume(L, nargs); + lua_assert(L->errfunc == 0); + L->baseCcalls = ++L->nCcalls; + status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, L->top - nargs); + if (status != 0) { /* error? */ + L->status = cast_byte(status); /* mark thread as `dead' */ + luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->top); + L->ci->top = L->top; + } + else { + lua_assert(L->nCcalls == L->baseCcalls); + status = L->status; + } + --L->nCcalls; + lua_unlock(L); + return status; +} + + +LUA_API int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults) { + luai_userstateyield(L, nresults); + lua_lock(L); + if (L->nCcalls > L->baseCcalls) + luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield across metamethod/C-call boundary"); + L->base = L->top - nresults; /* protect stack slots below */ + L->status = LUA_YIELD; + lua_unlock(L); + return -1; +} + + +int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u, + ptrdiff_t old_top, ptrdiff_t ef) { + int status; + unsigned short oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls; + ptrdiff_t old_ci = saveci(L, L->ci); + lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook; + ptrdiff_t old_errfunc = L->errfunc; + L->errfunc = ef; + status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, func, u); + if (status != 0) { /* an error occurred? */ + StkId oldtop = restorestack(L, old_top); + luaF_close(L, oldtop); /* close eventual pending closures */ + luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, oldtop); + L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls; + L->ci = restoreci(L, old_ci); + L->base = L->ci->base; + L->savedpc = L->ci->savedpc; + L->allowhook = old_allowhooks; + restore_stack_limit(L); + } + L->errfunc = old_errfunc; + return status; +} + + + +/* +** Execute a protected parser. +*/ +struct SParser { /* data to `f_parser' */ + ZIO *z; + Mbuffer buff; /* buffer to be used by the scanner */ + const char *name; +}; + +static void f_parser (lua_State *L, void *ud) { + int i; + Proto *tf; + Closure *cl; + struct SParser *p = cast(struct SParser *, ud); + int c = luaZ_lookahead(p->z); + luaC_checkGC(L); + tf = ((c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) ? luaU_undump : luaY_parser)(L, p->z, + &p->buff, p->name); + cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, tf->nups, hvalue(gt(L))); + cl->l.p = tf; + for (i = 0; i < tf->nups; i++) /* initialize eventual upvalues */ + cl->l.upvals[i] = luaF_newupval(L); + setclvalue(L, L->top, cl); + incr_top(L); +} + + +int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name) { + struct SParser p; + int status; + p.z = z; p.name = name; + luaZ_initbuffer(L, &p.buff); + status = luaD_pcall(L, f_parser, &p, savestack(L, L->top), L->errfunc); + luaZ_freebuffer(L, &p.buff); + return status; +} + + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldo.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldo.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98fddac --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldo.h @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +/* +** $Id: ldo.h,v 2.7.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Stack and Call structure of Lua +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef ldo_h +#define ldo_h + + +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lzio.h" + + +#define luaD_checkstack(L,n) \ + if ((char *)L->stack_last - (char *)L->top <= (n)*(int)sizeof(TValue)) \ + luaD_growstack(L, n); \ + else condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1)); + + +#define incr_top(L) {luaD_checkstack(L,1); L->top++;} + +#define savestack(L,p) ((char *)(p) - (char *)L->stack) +#define restorestack(L,n) ((TValue *)((char *)L->stack + (n))) + +#define saveci(L,p) ((char *)(p) - (char *)L->base_ci) +#define restoreci(L,n) ((CallInfo *)((char *)L->base_ci + (n))) + + +/* results from luaD_precall */ +#define PCRLUA 0 /* initiated a call to a Lua function */ +#define PCRC 1 /* did a call to a C function */ +#define PCRYIELD 2 /* C funtion yielded */ + + +/* type of protected functions, to be ran by `runprotected' */ +typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud); + +LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name); +LUAI_FUNC void luaD_callhook (lua_State *L, int event, int line); +LUAI_FUNC int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults); +LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults); +LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u, + ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef); +LUAI_FUNC int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult); +LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocCI (lua_State *L, int newsize); +LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize); +LUAI_FUNC void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n); + +LUAI_FUNC void luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode); +LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud); + +LUAI_FUNC void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop); + +#endif + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldump.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldump.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9d3d48 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ldump.c @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ +/* +** $Id: ldump.c,v 2.8.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** save precompiled Lua chunks +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#include <stddef.h> + +#define ldump_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lundump.h" + +typedef struct { + lua_State* L; + lua_Writer writer; + void* data; + int strip; + int status; +} DumpState; + +#define DumpMem(b,n,size,D) DumpBlock(b,(n)*(size),D) +#define DumpVar(x,D) DumpMem(&x,1,sizeof(x),D) + +static void DumpBlock(const void* b, size_t size, DumpState* D) +{ + if (D->status==0) + { + lua_unlock(D->L); + D->status=(*D->writer)(D->L,b,size,D->data); + lua_lock(D->L); + } +} + +static void DumpChar(int y, DumpState* D) +{ + char x=(char)y; + DumpVar(x,D); +} + +static void DumpInt(int x, DumpState* D) +{ + DumpVar(x,D); +} + +static void DumpNumber(lua_Number x, DumpState* D) +{ + DumpVar(x,D); +} + +static void DumpVector(const void* b, int n, size_t size, DumpState* D) +{ + DumpInt(n,D); + DumpMem(b,n,size,D); +} + +static void DumpString(const TString* s, DumpState* D) +{ + if (s==NULL || getstr(s)==NULL) + { + size_t size=0; + DumpVar(size,D); + } + else + { + size_t size=s->tsv.len+1; /* include trailing '\0' */ + DumpVar(size,D); + DumpBlock(getstr(s),size,D); + } +} + +#define DumpCode(f,D) DumpVector(f->code,f->sizecode,sizeof(Instruction),D) + +static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, const TString* p, DumpState* D); + +static void DumpConstants(const Proto* f, DumpState* D) +{ + int i,n=f->sizek; + DumpInt(n,D); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + const TValue* o=&f->k[i]; + DumpChar(ttype(o),D); + switch (ttype(o)) + { + case LUA_TNIL: + break; + case LUA_TBOOLEAN: + DumpChar(bvalue(o),D); + break; + case LUA_TNUMBER: + DumpNumber(nvalue(o),D); + break; + case LUA_TSTRING: + DumpString(rawtsvalue(o),D); + break; + default: + lua_assert(0); /* cannot happen */ + break; + } + } + n=f->sizep; + DumpInt(n,D); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpFunction(f->p[i],f->source,D); +} + +static void DumpDebug(const Proto* f, DumpState* D) +{ + int i,n; + n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo; + DumpVector(f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int),D); + n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars; + DumpInt(n,D); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + DumpString(f->locvars[i].varname,D); + DumpInt(f->locvars[i].startpc,D); + DumpInt(f->locvars[i].endpc,D); + } + n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues; + DumpInt(n,D); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpString(f->upvalues[i],D); +} + +static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, const TString* p, DumpState* D) +{ + DumpString((f->source==p || D->strip) ? NULL : f->source,D); + DumpInt(f->linedefined,D); + DumpInt(f->lastlinedefined,D); + DumpChar(f->nups,D); + DumpChar(f->numparams,D); + DumpChar(f->is_vararg,D); + DumpChar(f->maxstacksize,D); + DumpCode(f,D); + DumpConstants(f,D); + DumpDebug(f,D); +} + +static void DumpHeader(DumpState* D) +{ + char h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE]; + luaU_header(h); + DumpBlock(h,LUAC_HEADERSIZE,D); +} + +/* +** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk +*/ +int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip) +{ + DumpState D; + D.L=L; + D.writer=w; + D.data=data; + D.strip=strip; + D.status=0; + DumpHeader(&D); + DumpFunction(f,NULL,&D); + return D.status; +} diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lfunc.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lfunc.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..813e88f --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lfunc.c @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +/* +** $Id: lfunc.c,v 2.12.1.2 2007/12/28 14:58:43 roberto Exp $ +** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stddef.h> + +#define lfunc_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lgc.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" + + + +Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e) { + Closure *c = cast(Closure *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeCclosure(nelems))); + luaC_link(L, obj2gco(c), LUA_TFUNCTION); + c->c.isC = 1; + c->c.env = e; + c->c.nupvalues = cast_byte(nelems); + return c; +} + + +Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e) { + Closure *c = cast(Closure *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeLclosure(nelems))); + luaC_link(L, obj2gco(c), LUA_TFUNCTION); + c->l.isC = 0; + c->l.env = e; + c->l.nupvalues = cast_byte(nelems); + while (nelems--) c->l.upvals[nelems] = NULL; + return c; +} + + +UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L) { + UpVal *uv = luaM_new(L, UpVal); + luaC_link(L, obj2gco(uv), LUA_TUPVAL); + uv->v = &uv->u.value; + setnilvalue(uv->v); + return uv; +} + + +UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) { + global_State *g = G(L); + GCObject **pp = &L->openupval; + UpVal *p; + UpVal *uv; + while (*pp != NULL && (p = ngcotouv(*pp))->v >= level) { + lua_assert(p->v != &p->u.value); + if (p->v == level) { /* found a corresponding upvalue? */ + if (isdead(g, obj2gco(p))) /* is it dead? */ + changewhite(obj2gco(p)); /* ressurect it */ + return p; + } + pp = &p->next; + } + uv = luaM_new(L, UpVal); /* not found: create a new one */ + uv->tt = LUA_TUPVAL; + uv->marked = luaC_white(g); + uv->v = level; /* current value lives in the stack */ + uv->next = *pp; /* chain it in the proper position */ + *pp = obj2gco(uv); + uv->u.l.prev = &g->uvhead; /* double link it in `uvhead' list */ + uv->u.l.next = g->uvhead.u.l.next; + uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv; + g->uvhead.u.l.next = uv; + lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv); + return uv; +} + + +static void unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) { + lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv); + uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv->u.l.prev; /* remove from `uvhead' list */ + uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next = uv->u.l.next; +} + + +void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) { + if (uv->v != &uv->u.value) /* is it open? */ + unlinkupval(uv); /* remove from open list */ + luaM_free(L, uv); /* free upvalue */ +} + + +void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level) { + UpVal *uv; + global_State *g = G(L); + while (L->openupval != NULL && (uv = ngcotouv(L->openupval))->v >= level) { + GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv); + lua_assert(!isblack(o) && uv->v != &uv->u.value); + L->openupval = uv->next; /* remove from `open' list */ + if (isdead(g, o)) + luaF_freeupval(L, uv); /* free upvalue */ + else { + unlinkupval(uv); + setobj(L, &uv->u.value, uv->v); + uv->v = &uv->u.value; /* now current value lives here */ + luaC_linkupval(L, uv); /* link upvalue into `gcroot' list */ + } + } +} + + +Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) { + Proto *f = luaM_new(L, Proto); + luaC_link(L, obj2gco(f), LUA_TPROTO); + f->k = NULL; + f->sizek = 0; + f->p = NULL; + f->sizep = 0; + f->code = NULL; + f->sizecode = 0; + f->sizelineinfo = 0; + f->sizeupvalues = 0; + f->nups = 0; + f->upvalues = NULL; + f->numparams = 0; + f->is_vararg = 0; + f->maxstacksize = 0; + f->lineinfo = NULL; + f->sizelocvars = 0; + f->locvars = NULL; + f->linedefined = 0; + f->lastlinedefined = 0; + f->source = NULL; + return f; +} + + +void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) { + luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode, Instruction); + luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep, Proto *); + luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek, TValue); + luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, int); + luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, struct LocVar); + luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, TString *); + luaM_free(L, f); +} + + +void luaF_freeclosure (lua_State *L, Closure *c) { + int size = (c->c.isC) ? sizeCclosure(c->c.nupvalues) : + sizeLclosure(c->l.nupvalues); + luaM_freemem(L, c, size); +} + + +/* +** Look for n-th local variable at line `line' in function `func'. +** Returns NULL if not found. +*/ +const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *f, int local_number, int pc) { + int i; + for (i = 0; i<f->sizelocvars && f->locvars[i].startpc <= pc; i++) { + if (pc < f->locvars[i].endpc) { /* is variable active? */ + local_number--; + if (local_number == 0) + return getstr(f->locvars[i].varname); + } + } + return NULL; /* not found */ +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lfunc.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lfunc.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a68cf51 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lfunc.h @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +/* +** $Id: lfunc.h,v 2.4.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lfunc_h +#define lfunc_h + + +#include "lobject.h" + + +#define sizeCclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(CClosure)) + \ + cast(int, sizeof(TValue)*((n)-1))) + +#define sizeLclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(LClosure)) + \ + cast(int, sizeof(TValue *)*((n)-1))) + + +LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e); +LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e); +LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level); +LUAI_FUNC void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level); +LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f); +LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeclosure (lua_State *L, Closure *c); +LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv); +LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number, + int pc); + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lgc.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lgc.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e909c79 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lgc.c @@ -0,0 +1,710 @@ +/* +** $Id: lgc.c,v 2.38.1.2 2011/03/18 18:05:38 roberto Exp $ +** Garbage Collector +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#include <string.h> + +#define lgc_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lgc.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" +#include "ltm.h" + + +#define GCSTEPSIZE 1024u +#define GCSWEEPMAX 40 +#define GCSWEEPCOST 10 +#define GCFINALIZECOST 100 + + +#define maskmarks cast_byte(~(bitmask(BLACKBIT)|WHITEBITS)) + +#define makewhite(g,x) \ + ((x)->gch.marked = cast_byte(((x)->gch.marked & maskmarks) | luaC_white(g))) + +#define white2gray(x) reset2bits((x)->gch.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT) +#define black2gray(x) resetbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT) + +#define stringmark(s) reset2bits((s)->tsv.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT) + + +#define isfinalized(u) testbit((u)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT) +#define markfinalized(u) l_setbit((u)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT) + + +#define KEYWEAK bitmask(KEYWEAKBIT) +#define VALUEWEAK bitmask(VALUEWEAKBIT) + + + +#define markvalue(g,o) { checkconsistency(o); \ + if (iscollectable(o) && iswhite(gcvalue(o))) reallymarkobject(g,gcvalue(o)); } + +#define markobject(g,t) { if (iswhite(obj2gco(t))) \ + reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); } + + +#define setthreshold(g) (g->GCthreshold = (g->estimate/100) * g->gcpause) + + +static void removeentry (Node *n) { + lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(n))); + if (iscollectable(gkey(n))) + setttype(gkey(n), LUA_TDEADKEY); /* dead key; remove it */ +} + + +static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o) { + lua_assert(iswhite(o) && !isdead(g, o)); + white2gray(o); + switch (o->gch.tt) { + case LUA_TSTRING: { + return; + } + case LUA_TUSERDATA: { + Table *mt = gco2u(o)->metatable; + gray2black(o); /* udata are never gray */ + if (mt) markobject(g, mt); + markobject(g, gco2u(o)->env); + return; + } + case LUA_TUPVAL: { + UpVal *uv = gco2uv(o); + markvalue(g, uv->v); + if (uv->v == &uv->u.value) /* closed? */ + gray2black(o); /* open upvalues are never black */ + return; + } + case LUA_TFUNCTION: { + gco2cl(o)->c.gclist = g->gray; + g->gray = o; + break; + } + case LUA_TTABLE: { + gco2h(o)->gclist = g->gray; + g->gray = o; + break; + } + case LUA_TTHREAD: { + gco2th(o)->gclist = g->gray; + g->gray = o; + break; + } + case LUA_TPROTO: { + gco2p(o)->gclist = g->gray; + g->gray = o; + break; + } + default: lua_assert(0); + } +} + + +static void marktmu (global_State *g) { + GCObject *u = g->tmudata; + if (u) { + do { + u = u->gch.next; + makewhite(g, u); /* may be marked, if left from previous GC */ + reallymarkobject(g, u); + } while (u != g->tmudata); + } +} + + +/* move `dead' udata that need finalization to list `tmudata' */ +size_t luaC_separateudata (lua_State *L, int all) { + global_State *g = G(L); + size_t deadmem = 0; + GCObject **p = &g->mainthread->next; + GCObject *curr; + while ((curr = *p) != NULL) { + if (!(iswhite(curr) || all) || isfinalized(gco2u(curr))) + p = &curr->gch.next; /* don't bother with them */ + else if (fasttm(L, gco2u(curr)->metatable, TM_GC) == NULL) { + markfinalized(gco2u(curr)); /* don't need finalization */ + p = &curr->gch.next; + } + else { /* must call its gc method */ + deadmem += sizeudata(gco2u(curr)); + markfinalized(gco2u(curr)); + *p = curr->gch.next; + /* link `curr' at the end of `tmudata' list */ + if (g->tmudata == NULL) /* list is empty? */ + g->tmudata = curr->gch.next = curr; /* creates a circular list */ + else { + curr->gch.next = g->tmudata->gch.next; + g->tmudata->gch.next = curr; + g->tmudata = curr; + } + } + } + return deadmem; +} + + +static int traversetable (global_State *g, Table *h) { + int i; + int weakkey = 0; + int weakvalue = 0; + const TValue *mode; + if (h->metatable) + markobject(g, h->metatable); + mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE); + if (mode && ttisstring(mode)) { /* is there a weak mode? */ + weakkey = (strchr(svalue(mode), 'k') != NULL); + weakvalue = (strchr(svalue(mode), 'v') != NULL); + if (weakkey || weakvalue) { /* is really weak? */ + h->marked &= ~(KEYWEAK | VALUEWEAK); /* clear bits */ + h->marked |= cast_byte((weakkey << KEYWEAKBIT) | + (weakvalue << VALUEWEAKBIT)); + h->gclist = g->weak; /* must be cleared after GC, ... */ + g->weak = obj2gco(h); /* ... so put in the appropriate list */ + } + } + if (weakkey && weakvalue) return 1; + if (!weakvalue) { + i = h->sizearray; + while (i--) + markvalue(g, &h->array[i]); + } + i = sizenode(h); + while (i--) { + Node *n = gnode(h, i); + lua_assert(ttype(gkey(n)) != LUA_TDEADKEY || ttisnil(gval(n))); + if (ttisnil(gval(n))) + removeentry(n); /* remove empty entries */ + else { + lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n))); + if (!weakkey) markvalue(g, gkey(n)); + if (!weakvalue) markvalue(g, gval(n)); + } + } + return weakkey || weakvalue; +} + + +/* +** All marks are conditional because a GC may happen while the +** prototype is still being created +*/ +static void traverseproto (global_State *g, Proto *f) { + int i; + if (f->source) stringmark(f->source); + for (i=0; i<f->sizek; i++) /* mark literals */ + markvalue(g, &f->k[i]); + for (i=0; i<f->sizeupvalues; i++) { /* mark upvalue names */ + if (f->upvalues[i]) + stringmark(f->upvalues[i]); + } + for (i=0; i<f->sizep; i++) { /* mark nested protos */ + if (f->p[i]) + markobject(g, f->p[i]); + } + for (i=0; i<f->sizelocvars; i++) { /* mark local-variable names */ + if (f->locvars[i].varname) + stringmark(f->locvars[i].varname); + } +} + + + +static void traverseclosure (global_State *g, Closure *cl) { + markobject(g, cl->c.env); + if (cl->c.isC) { + int i; + for (i=0; i<cl->c.nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */ + markvalue(g, &cl->c.upvalue[i]); + } + else { + int i; + lua_assert(cl->l.nupvalues == cl->l.p->nups); + markobject(g, cl->l.p); + for (i=0; i<cl->l.nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */ + markobject(g, cl->l.upvals[i]); + } +} + + +static void checkstacksizes (lua_State *L, StkId max) { + int ci_used = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci); /* number of `ci' in use */ + int s_used = cast_int(max - L->stack); /* part of stack in use */ + if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* handling overflow? */ + return; /* do not touch the stacks */ + if (4*ci_used < L->size_ci && 2*BASIC_CI_SIZE < L->size_ci) + luaD_reallocCI(L, L->size_ci/2); /* still big enough... */ + condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocCI(L, ci_used + 1)); + if (4*s_used < L->stacksize && + 2*(BASIC_STACK_SIZE+EXTRA_STACK) < L->stacksize) + luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize/2); /* still big enough... */ + condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, s_used)); +} + + +static void traversestack (global_State *g, lua_State *l) { + StkId o, lim; + CallInfo *ci; + markvalue(g, gt(l)); + lim = l->top; + for (ci = l->base_ci; ci <= l->ci; ci++) { + lua_assert(ci->top <= l->stack_last); + if (lim < ci->top) lim = ci->top; + } + for (o = l->stack; o < l->top; o++) + markvalue(g, o); + for (; o <= lim; o++) + setnilvalue(o); + checkstacksizes(l, lim); +} + + +/* +** traverse one gray object, turning it to black. +** Returns `quantity' traversed. +*/ +static l_mem propagatemark (global_State *g) { + GCObject *o = g->gray; + lua_assert(isgray(o)); + gray2black(o); + switch (o->gch.tt) { + case LUA_TTABLE: { + Table *h = gco2h(o); + g->gray = h->gclist; + if (traversetable(g, h)) /* table is weak? */ + black2gray(o); /* keep it gray */ + return sizeof(Table) + sizeof(TValue) * h->sizearray + + sizeof(Node) * sizenode(h); + } + case LUA_TFUNCTION: { + Closure *cl = gco2cl(o); + g->gray = cl->c.gclist; + traverseclosure(g, cl); + return (cl->c.isC) ? sizeCclosure(cl->c.nupvalues) : + sizeLclosure(cl->l.nupvalues); + } + case LUA_TTHREAD: { + lua_State *th = gco2th(o); + g->gray = th->gclist; + th->gclist = g->grayagain; + g->grayagain = o; + black2gray(o); + traversestack(g, th); + return sizeof(lua_State) + sizeof(TValue) * th->stacksize + + sizeof(CallInfo) * th->size_ci; + } + case LUA_TPROTO: { + Proto *p = gco2p(o); + g->gray = p->gclist; + traverseproto(g, p); + return sizeof(Proto) + sizeof(Instruction) * p->sizecode + + sizeof(Proto *) * p->sizep + + sizeof(TValue) * p->sizek + + sizeof(int) * p->sizelineinfo + + sizeof(LocVar) * p->sizelocvars + + sizeof(TString *) * p->sizeupvalues; + } + default: lua_assert(0); return 0; + } +} + + +static size_t propagateall (global_State *g) { + size_t m = 0; + while (g->gray) m += propagatemark(g); + return m; +} + + +/* +** The next function tells whether a key or value can be cleared from +** a weak table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak +** tables. Strings behave as `values', so are never removed too. for +** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for userdata +** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values +*/ +static int iscleared (const TValue *o, int iskey) { + if (!iscollectable(o)) return 0; + if (ttisstring(o)) { + stringmark(rawtsvalue(o)); /* strings are `values', so are never weak */ + return 0; + } + return iswhite(gcvalue(o)) || + (ttisuserdata(o) && (!iskey && isfinalized(uvalue(o)))); +} + + +/* +** clear collected entries from weaktables +*/ +static void cleartable (GCObject *l) { + while (l) { + Table *h = gco2h(l); + int i = h->sizearray; + lua_assert(testbit(h->marked, VALUEWEAKBIT) || + testbit(h->marked, KEYWEAKBIT)); + if (testbit(h->marked, VALUEWEAKBIT)) { + while (i--) { + TValue *o = &h->array[i]; + if (iscleared(o, 0)) /* value was collected? */ + setnilvalue(o); /* remove value */ + } + } + i = sizenode(h); + while (i--) { + Node *n = gnode(h, i); + if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && /* non-empty entry? */ + (iscleared(key2tval(n), 1) || iscleared(gval(n), 0))) { + setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */ + removeentry(n); /* remove entry from table */ + } + } + l = h->gclist; + } +} + + +static void freeobj (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) { + switch (o->gch.tt) { + case LUA_TPROTO: luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o)); break; + case LUA_TFUNCTION: luaF_freeclosure(L, gco2cl(o)); break; + case LUA_TUPVAL: luaF_freeupval(L, gco2uv(o)); break; + case LUA_TTABLE: luaH_free(L, gco2h(o)); break; + case LUA_TTHREAD: { + lua_assert(gco2th(o) != L && gco2th(o) != G(L)->mainthread); + luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o)); + break; + } + case LUA_TSTRING: { + G(L)->strt.nuse--; + luaM_freemem(L, o, sizestring(gco2ts(o))); + break; + } + case LUA_TUSERDATA: { + luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(gco2u(o))); + break; + } + default: lua_assert(0); + } +} + + + +#define sweepwholelist(L,p) sweeplist(L,p,MAX_LUMEM) + + +static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count) { + GCObject *curr; + global_State *g = G(L); + int deadmask = otherwhite(g); + while ((curr = *p) != NULL && count-- > 0) { + if (curr->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD) /* sweep open upvalues of each thread */ + sweepwholelist(L, &gco2th(curr)->openupval); + if ((curr->gch.marked ^ WHITEBITS) & deadmask) { /* not dead? */ + lua_assert(!isdead(g, curr) || testbit(curr->gch.marked, FIXEDBIT)); + makewhite(g, curr); /* make it white (for next cycle) */ + p = &curr->gch.next; + } + else { /* must erase `curr' */ + lua_assert(isdead(g, curr) || deadmask == bitmask(SFIXEDBIT)); + *p = curr->gch.next; + if (curr == g->rootgc) /* is the first element of the list? */ + g->rootgc = curr->gch.next; /* adjust first */ + freeobj(L, curr); + } + } + return p; +} + + +static void checkSizes (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + /* check size of string hash */ + if (g->strt.nuse < cast(lu_int32, g->strt.size/4) && + g->strt.size > MINSTRTABSIZE*2) + luaS_resize(L, g->strt.size/2); /* table is too big */ + /* check size of buffer */ + if (luaZ_sizebuffer(&g->buff) > LUA_MINBUFFER*2) { /* buffer too big? */ + size_t newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(&g->buff) / 2; + luaZ_resizebuffer(L, &g->buff, newsize); + } +} + + +static void GCTM (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + GCObject *o = g->tmudata->gch.next; /* get first element */ + Udata *udata = rawgco2u(o); + const TValue *tm; + /* remove udata from `tmudata' */ + if (o == g->tmudata) /* last element? */ + g->tmudata = NULL; + else + g->tmudata->gch.next = udata->uv.next; + udata->uv.next = g->mainthread->next; /* return it to `root' list */ + g->mainthread->next = o; + makewhite(g, o); + tm = fasttm(L, udata->uv.metatable, TM_GC); + if (tm != NULL) { + lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook; + lu_mem oldt = g->GCthreshold; + L->allowhook = 0; /* stop debug hooks during GC tag method */ + g->GCthreshold = 2*g->totalbytes; /* avoid GC steps */ + setobj2s(L, L->top, tm); + setuvalue(L, L->top+1, udata); + L->top += 2; + luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0); + L->allowhook = oldah; /* restore hooks */ + g->GCthreshold = oldt; /* restore threshold */ + } +} + + +/* +** Call all GC tag methods +*/ +void luaC_callGCTM (lua_State *L) { + while (G(L)->tmudata) + GCTM(L); +} + + +void luaC_freeall (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + int i; + g->currentwhite = WHITEBITS | bitmask(SFIXEDBIT); /* mask to collect all elements */ + sweepwholelist(L, &g->rootgc); + for (i = 0; i < g->strt.size; i++) /* free all string lists */ + sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[i]); +} + + +static void markmt (global_State *g) { + int i; + for (i=0; i<NUM_TAGS; i++) + if (g->mt[i]) markobject(g, g->mt[i]); +} + + +/* mark root set */ +static void markroot (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + g->gray = NULL; + g->grayagain = NULL; + g->weak = NULL; + markobject(g, g->mainthread); + /* make global table be traversed before main stack */ + markvalue(g, gt(g->mainthread)); + markvalue(g, registry(L)); + markmt(g); + g->gcstate = GCSpropagate; +} + + +static void remarkupvals (global_State *g) { + UpVal *uv; + for (uv = g->uvhead.u.l.next; uv != &g->uvhead; uv = uv->u.l.next) { + lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv); + if (isgray(obj2gco(uv))) + markvalue(g, uv->v); + } +} + + +static void atomic (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + size_t udsize; /* total size of userdata to be finalized */ + /* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */ + remarkupvals(g); + /* traverse objects cautch by write barrier and by 'remarkupvals' */ + propagateall(g); + /* remark weak tables */ + g->gray = g->weak; + g->weak = NULL; + lua_assert(!iswhite(obj2gco(g->mainthread))); + markobject(g, L); /* mark running thread */ + markmt(g); /* mark basic metatables (again) */ + propagateall(g); + /* remark gray again */ + g->gray = g->grayagain; + g->grayagain = NULL; + propagateall(g); + udsize = luaC_separateudata(L, 0); /* separate userdata to be finalized */ + marktmu(g); /* mark `preserved' userdata */ + udsize += propagateall(g); /* remark, to propagate `preserveness' */ + cleartable(g->weak); /* remove collected objects from weak tables */ + /* flip current white */ + g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g)); + g->sweepstrgc = 0; + g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc; + g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring; + g->estimate = g->totalbytes - udsize; /* first estimate */ +} + + +static l_mem singlestep (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + /*lua_checkmemory(L);*/ + switch (g->gcstate) { + case GCSpause: { + markroot(L); /* start a new collection */ + return 0; + } + case GCSpropagate: { + if (g->gray) + return propagatemark(g); + else { /* no more `gray' objects */ + atomic(L); /* finish mark phase */ + return 0; + } + } + case GCSsweepstring: { + lu_mem old = g->totalbytes; + sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[g->sweepstrgc++]); + if (g->sweepstrgc >= g->strt.size) /* nothing more to sweep? */ + g->gcstate = GCSsweep; /* end sweep-string phase */ + lua_assert(old >= g->totalbytes); + g->estimate -= old - g->totalbytes; + return GCSWEEPCOST; + } + case GCSsweep: { + lu_mem old = g->totalbytes; + g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX); + if (*g->sweepgc == NULL) { /* nothing more to sweep? */ + checkSizes(L); + g->gcstate = GCSfinalize; /* end sweep phase */ + } + lua_assert(old >= g->totalbytes); + g->estimate -= old - g->totalbytes; + return GCSWEEPMAX*GCSWEEPCOST; + } + case GCSfinalize: { + if (g->tmudata) { + GCTM(L); + if (g->estimate > GCFINALIZECOST) + g->estimate -= GCFINALIZECOST; + return GCFINALIZECOST; + } + else { + g->gcstate = GCSpause; /* end collection */ + g->gcdept = 0; + return 0; + } + } + default: lua_assert(0); return 0; + } +} + + +void luaC_step (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + l_mem lim = (GCSTEPSIZE/100) * g->gcstepmul; + if (lim == 0) + lim = (MAX_LUMEM-1)/2; /* no limit */ + g->gcdept += g->totalbytes - g->GCthreshold; + do { + lim -= singlestep(L); + if (g->gcstate == GCSpause) + break; + } while (lim > 0); + if (g->gcstate != GCSpause) { + if (g->gcdept < GCSTEPSIZE) + g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes + GCSTEPSIZE; /* - lim/g->gcstepmul;*/ + else { + g->gcdept -= GCSTEPSIZE; + g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes; + } + } + else { + setthreshold(g); + } +} + + +void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + if (g->gcstate <= GCSpropagate) { + /* reset sweep marks to sweep all elements (returning them to white) */ + g->sweepstrgc = 0; + g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc; + /* reset other collector lists */ + g->gray = NULL; + g->grayagain = NULL; + g->weak = NULL; + g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring; + } + lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSpause && g->gcstate != GCSpropagate); + /* finish any pending sweep phase */ + while (g->gcstate != GCSfinalize) { + lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSsweepstring || g->gcstate == GCSsweep); + singlestep(L); + } + markroot(L); + while (g->gcstate != GCSpause) { + singlestep(L); + } + setthreshold(g); +} + + +void luaC_barrierf (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v) { + global_State *g = G(L); + lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o)); + lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause); + lua_assert(ttype(&o->gch) != LUA_TTABLE); + /* must keep invariant? */ + if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate) + reallymarkobject(g, v); /* restore invariant */ + else /* don't mind */ + makewhite(g, o); /* mark as white just to avoid other barriers */ +} + + +void luaC_barrierback (lua_State *L, Table *t) { + global_State *g = G(L); + GCObject *o = obj2gco(t); + lua_assert(isblack(o) && !isdead(g, o)); + lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause); + black2gray(o); /* make table gray (again) */ + t->gclist = g->grayagain; + g->grayagain = o; +} + + +void luaC_link (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, lu_byte tt) { + global_State *g = G(L); + o->gch.next = g->rootgc; + g->rootgc = o; + o->gch.marked = luaC_white(g); + o->gch.tt = tt; +} + + +void luaC_linkupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) { + global_State *g = G(L); + GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv); + o->gch.next = g->rootgc; /* link upvalue into `rootgc' list */ + g->rootgc = o; + if (isgray(o)) { + if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate) { + gray2black(o); /* closed upvalues need barrier */ + luaC_barrier(L, uv, uv->v); + } + else { /* sweep phase: sweep it (turning it into white) */ + makewhite(g, o); + lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause); + } + } +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lgc.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lgc.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a8dc60 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lgc.h @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +/* +** $Id: lgc.h,v 2.15.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Garbage Collector +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lgc_h +#define lgc_h + + +#include "lobject.h" + + +/* +** Possible states of the Garbage Collector +*/ +#define GCSpause 0 +#define GCSpropagate 1 +#define GCSsweepstring 2 +#define GCSsweep 3 +#define GCSfinalize 4 + + +/* +** some userful bit tricks +*/ +#define resetbits(x,m) ((x) &= cast(lu_byte, ~(m))) +#define setbits(x,m) ((x) |= (m)) +#define testbits(x,m) ((x) & (m)) +#define bitmask(b) (1<<(b)) +#define bit2mask(b1,b2) (bitmask(b1) | bitmask(b2)) +#define l_setbit(x,b) setbits(x, bitmask(b)) +#define resetbit(x,b) resetbits(x, bitmask(b)) +#define testbit(x,b) testbits(x, bitmask(b)) +#define set2bits(x,b1,b2) setbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2))) +#define reset2bits(x,b1,b2) resetbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2))) +#define test2bits(x,b1,b2) testbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2))) + + + +/* +** Layout for bit use in `marked' field: +** bit 0 - object is white (type 0) +** bit 1 - object is white (type 1) +** bit 2 - object is black +** bit 3 - for userdata: has been finalized +** bit 3 - for tables: has weak keys +** bit 4 - for tables: has weak values +** bit 5 - object is fixed (should not be collected) +** bit 6 - object is "super" fixed (only the main thread) +*/ + + +#define WHITE0BIT 0 +#define WHITE1BIT 1 +#define BLACKBIT 2 +#define FINALIZEDBIT 3 +#define KEYWEAKBIT 3 +#define VALUEWEAKBIT 4 +#define FIXEDBIT 5 +#define SFIXEDBIT 6 +#define WHITEBITS bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT) + + +#define iswhite(x) test2bits((x)->gch.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT) +#define isblack(x) testbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT) +#define isgray(x) (!isblack(x) && !iswhite(x)) + +#define otherwhite(g) (g->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS) +#define isdead(g,v) ((v)->gch.marked & otherwhite(g) & WHITEBITS) + +#define changewhite(x) ((x)->gch.marked ^= WHITEBITS) +#define gray2black(x) l_setbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT) + +#define valiswhite(x) (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x))) + +#define luaC_white(g) cast(lu_byte, (g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS) + + +#define luaC_checkGC(L) { \ + condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1)); \ + if (G(L)->totalbytes >= G(L)->GCthreshold) \ + luaC_step(L); } + + +#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \ + luaC_barrierf(L,obj2gco(p),gcvalue(v)); } + +#define luaC_barriert(L,t,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(t))) \ + luaC_barrierback(L,t); } + +#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o) \ + { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \ + luaC_barrierf(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)); } + +#define luaC_objbarriert(L,t,o) \ + { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(t))) luaC_barrierback(L,t); } + +LUAI_FUNC size_t luaC_separateudata (lua_State *L, int all); +LUAI_FUNC void luaC_callGCTM (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeall (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC void luaC_link (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, lu_byte tt); +LUAI_FUNC void luaC_linkupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv); +LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierf (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v); +LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback (lua_State *L, Table *t); + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/linit.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/linit.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1f90df --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/linit.c @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +/* +** $Id: linit.c,v 1.14.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Initialization of libraries for lua.c +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#define linit_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lualib.h" +#include "lauxlib.h" + + +static const luaL_Reg lualibs[] = { + {"", luaopen_base}, + {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package}, + {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table}, + {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io}, + {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os}, + {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string}, + {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math}, + {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) { + const luaL_Reg *lib = lualibs; + for (; lib->func; lib++) { + lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func); + lua_pushstring(L, lib->name); + lua_call(L, 1, 0); + } +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/liolib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/liolib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..649f9a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/liolib.c @@ -0,0 +1,556 @@ +/* +** $Id: liolib.c,v 2.73.1.4 2010/05/14 15:33:51 roberto Exp $ +** Standard I/O (and system) library +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <errno.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define liolib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + + +#define IO_INPUT 1 +#define IO_OUTPUT 2 + + +static const char *const fnames[] = {"input", "output"}; + + +static int pushresult (lua_State *L, int i, const char *filename) { + int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */ + if (i) { + lua_pushboolean(L, 1); + return 1; + } + else { + lua_pushnil(L); + if (filename) + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(en)); + else + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s", strerror(en)); + lua_pushinteger(L, en); + return 3; + } +} + + +static void fileerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *filename) { + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(errno)); + luaL_argerror(L, arg, lua_tostring(L, -1)); +} + + +#define tofilep(L) ((FILE **)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE)) + + +static int io_type (lua_State *L) { + void *ud; + luaL_checkany(L, 1); + ud = lua_touserdata(L, 1); + lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_FILEHANDLE); + if (ud == NULL || !lua_getmetatable(L, 1) || !lua_rawequal(L, -2, -1)) + lua_pushnil(L); /* not a file */ + else if (*((FILE **)ud) == NULL) + lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file"); + else + lua_pushliteral(L, "file"); + return 1; +} + + +static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) { + FILE **f = tofilep(L); + if (*f == NULL) + luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file"); + return *f; +} + + + +/* +** When creating file handles, always creates a `closed' file handle +** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the +** file is not left opened. +*/ +static FILE **newfile (lua_State *L) { + FILE **pf = (FILE **)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(FILE *)); + *pf = NULL; /* file handle is currently `closed' */ + luaL_getmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE); + lua_setmetatable(L, -2); + return pf; +} + + +/* +** function to (not) close the standard files stdin, stdout, and stderr +*/ +static int io_noclose (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnil(L); + lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot close standard file"); + return 2; +} + + +/* +** function to close 'popen' files +*/ +static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) { + FILE **p = tofilep(L); + int ok = lua_pclose(L, *p); + *p = NULL; + return pushresult(L, ok, NULL); +} + + +/* +** function to close regular files +*/ +static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) { + FILE **p = tofilep(L); + int ok = (fclose(*p) == 0); + *p = NULL; + return pushresult(L, ok, NULL); +} + + +static int aux_close (lua_State *L) { + lua_getfenv(L, 1); + lua_getfield(L, -1, "__close"); + return (lua_tocfunction(L, -1))(L); +} + + +static int io_close (lua_State *L) { + if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) + lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, IO_OUTPUT); + tofile(L); /* make sure argument is a file */ + return aux_close(L); +} + + +static int io_gc (lua_State *L) { + FILE *f = *tofilep(L); + /* ignore closed files */ + if (f != NULL) + aux_close(L); + return 0; +} + + +static int io_tostring (lua_State *L) { + FILE *f = *tofilep(L); + if (f == NULL) + lua_pushliteral(L, "file (closed)"); + else + lua_pushfstring(L, "file (%p)", f); + return 1; +} + + +static int io_open (lua_State *L) { + const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r"); + FILE **pf = newfile(L); + *pf = fopen(filename, mode); + return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, filename) : 1; +} + + +/* +** this function has a separated environment, which defines the +** correct __close for 'popen' files +*/ +static int io_popen (lua_State *L) { + const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r"); + FILE **pf = newfile(L); + *pf = lua_popen(L, filename, mode); + return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, filename) : 1; +} + + +static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) { + FILE **pf = newfile(L); + *pf = tmpfile(); + return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1; +} + + +static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, int findex) { + FILE *f; + lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, findex); + f = *(FILE **)lua_touserdata(L, -1); + if (f == NULL) + luaL_error(L, "standard %s file is closed", fnames[findex - 1]); + return f; +} + + +static int g_iofile (lua_State *L, int f, const char *mode) { + if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) { + const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, 1); + if (filename) { + FILE **pf = newfile(L); + *pf = fopen(filename, mode); + if (*pf == NULL) + fileerror(L, 1, filename); + } + else { + tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */ + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); + } + lua_rawseti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, f); + } + /* return current value */ + lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, f); + return 1; +} + + +static int io_input (lua_State *L) { + return g_iofile(L, IO_INPUT, "r"); +} + + +static int io_output (lua_State *L) { + return g_iofile(L, IO_OUTPUT, "w"); +} + + +static int io_readline (lua_State *L); + + +static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int idx, int toclose) { + lua_pushvalue(L, idx); + lua_pushboolean(L, toclose); /* close/not close file when finished */ + lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 2); +} + + +static int f_lines (lua_State *L) { + tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */ + aux_lines(L, 1, 0); + return 1; +} + + +static int io_lines (lua_State *L) { + if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) { /* no arguments? */ + /* will iterate over default input */ + lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, IO_INPUT); + return f_lines(L); + } + else { + const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + FILE **pf = newfile(L); + *pf = fopen(filename, "r"); + if (*pf == NULL) + fileerror(L, 1, filename); + aux_lines(L, lua_gettop(L), 1); + return 1; + } +} + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** READ +** ======================================================= +*/ + + +static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) { + lua_Number d; + if (fscanf(f, LUA_NUMBER_SCAN, &d) == 1) { + lua_pushnumber(L, d); + return 1; + } + else { + lua_pushnil(L); /* "result" to be removed */ + return 0; /* read fails */ + } +} + + +static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) { + int c = getc(f); + ungetc(c, f); + lua_pushlstring(L, NULL, 0); + return (c != EOF); +} + + +static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f) { + luaL_Buffer b; + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + for (;;) { + size_t l; + char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b); + if (fgets(p, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f) == NULL) { /* eof? */ + luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */ + return (lua_objlen(L, -1) > 0); /* check whether read something */ + } + l = strlen(p); + if (l == 0 || p[l-1] != '\n') + luaL_addsize(&b, l); + else { + luaL_addsize(&b, l - 1); /* do not include `eol' */ + luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */ + return 1; /* read at least an `eol' */ + } + } +} + + +static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) { + size_t rlen; /* how much to read */ + size_t nr; /* number of chars actually read */ + luaL_Buffer b; + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + rlen = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE; /* try to read that much each time */ + do { + char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b); + if (rlen > n) rlen = n; /* cannot read more than asked */ + nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), rlen, f); + luaL_addsize(&b, nr); + n -= nr; /* still have to read `n' chars */ + } while (n > 0 && nr == rlen); /* until end of count or eof */ + luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */ + return (n == 0 || lua_objlen(L, -1) > 0); +} + + +static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) { + int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1; + int success; + int n; + clearerr(f); + if (nargs == 0) { /* no arguments? */ + success = read_line(L, f); + n = first+1; /* to return 1 result */ + } + else { /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */ + luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments"); + success = 1; + for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) { + if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) { + size_t l = (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, n); + success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l); + } + else { + const char *p = lua_tostring(L, n); + luaL_argcheck(L, p && p[0] == '*', n, "invalid option"); + switch (p[1]) { + case 'n': /* number */ + success = read_number(L, f); + break; + case 'l': /* line */ + success = read_line(L, f); + break; + case 'a': /* file */ + read_chars(L, f, ~((size_t)0)); /* read MAX_SIZE_T chars */ + success = 1; /* always success */ + break; + default: + return luaL_argerror(L, n, "invalid format"); + } + } + } + } + if (ferror(f)) + return pushresult(L, 0, NULL); + if (!success) { + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove last result */ + lua_pushnil(L); /* push nil instead */ + } + return n - first; +} + + +static int io_read (lua_State *L) { + return g_read(L, getiofile(L, IO_INPUT), 1); +} + + +static int f_read (lua_State *L) { + return g_read(L, tofile(L), 2); +} + + +static int io_readline (lua_State *L) { + FILE *f = *(FILE **)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); + int sucess; + if (f == NULL) /* file is already closed? */ + luaL_error(L, "file is already closed"); + sucess = read_line(L, f); + if (ferror(f)) + return luaL_error(L, "%s", strerror(errno)); + if (sucess) return 1; + else { /* EOF */ + if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(2))) { /* generator created file? */ + lua_settop(L, 0); + lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); + aux_close(L); /* close it */ + } + return 0; + } +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) { + int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1; + int status = 1; + for (; nargs--; arg++) { + if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) { + /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */ + status = status && + fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, lua_tonumber(L, arg)) > 0; + } + else { + size_t l; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l); + status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l); + } + } + return pushresult(L, status, NULL); +} + + +static int io_write (lua_State *L) { + return g_write(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT), 1); +} + + +static int f_write (lua_State *L) { + return g_write(L, tofile(L), 2); +} + + +static int f_seek (lua_State *L) { + static const int mode[] = {SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END}; + static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL}; + FILE *f = tofile(L); + int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames); + long offset = luaL_optlong(L, 3, 0); + op = fseek(f, offset, mode[op]); + if (op) + return pushresult(L, 0, NULL); /* error */ + else { + lua_pushinteger(L, ftell(f)); + return 1; + } +} + + +static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) { + static const int mode[] = {_IONBF, _IOFBF, _IOLBF}; + static const char *const modenames[] = {"no", "full", "line", NULL}; + FILE *f = tofile(L); + int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames); + lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE); + int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], sz); + return pushresult(L, res == 0, NULL); +} + + + +static int io_flush (lua_State *L) { + return pushresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL); +} + + +static int f_flush (lua_State *L) { + return pushresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL); +} + + +static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = { + {"close", io_close}, + {"flush", io_flush}, + {"input", io_input}, + {"lines", io_lines}, + {"open", io_open}, + {"output", io_output}, + {"popen", io_popen}, + {"read", io_read}, + {"tmpfile", io_tmpfile}, + {"type", io_type}, + {"write", io_write}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +static const luaL_Reg flib[] = { + {"close", io_close}, + {"flush", f_flush}, + {"lines", f_lines}, + {"read", f_read}, + {"seek", f_seek}, + {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf}, + {"write", f_write}, + {"__gc", io_gc}, + {"__tostring", io_tostring}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +static void createmeta (lua_State *L) { + luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE); /* create metatable for file handles */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* push metatable */ + lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* metatable.__index = metatable */ + luaL_register(L, NULL, flib); /* file methods */ +} + + +static void createstdfile (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int k, const char *fname) { + *newfile(L) = f; + if (k > 0) { + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_rawseti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, k); + } + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* copy environment */ + lua_setfenv(L, -2); /* set it */ + lua_setfield(L, -3, fname); +} + + +static void newfenv (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction cls) { + lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); + lua_pushcfunction(L, cls); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "__close"); +} + + +LUALIB_API int luaopen_io (lua_State *L) { + createmeta(L); + /* create (private) environment (with fields IO_INPUT, IO_OUTPUT, __close) */ + newfenv(L, io_fclose); + lua_replace(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX); + /* open library */ + luaL_register(L, LUA_IOLIBNAME, iolib); + /* create (and set) default files */ + newfenv(L, io_noclose); /* close function for default files */ + createstdfile(L, stdin, IO_INPUT, "stdin"); + createstdfile(L, stdout, IO_OUTPUT, "stdout"); + createstdfile(L, stderr, 0, "stderr"); + lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop environment for default files */ + lua_getfield(L, -1, "popen"); + newfenv(L, io_pclose); /* create environment for 'popen' */ + lua_setfenv(L, -2); /* set fenv for 'popen' */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop 'popen' */ + return 1; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llex.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llex.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88c6790 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llex.c @@ -0,0 +1,463 @@ +/* +** $Id: llex.c,v 2.20.1.2 2009/11/23 14:58:22 roberto Exp $ +** Lexical Analyzer +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <ctype.h> +#include <locale.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define llex_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldo.h" +#include "llex.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lparser.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" +#include "lzio.h" + + + +#define next(ls) (ls->current = zgetc(ls->z)) + + + + +#define currIsNewline(ls) (ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r') + + +/* ORDER RESERVED */ +const char *const luaX_tokens [] = { + "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif", + "end", "false", "for", "function", "if", + "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat", + "return", "then", "true", "until", "while", + "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=", + "<number>", "<name>", "<string>", "<eof>", + NULL +}; + + +#define save_and_next(ls) (save(ls, ls->current), next(ls)) + + +static void save (LexState *ls, int c) { + Mbuffer *b = ls->buff; + if (b->n + 1 > b->buffsize) { + size_t newsize; + if (b->buffsize >= MAX_SIZET/2) + luaX_lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0); + newsize = b->buffsize * 2; + luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize); + } + b->buffer[b->n++] = cast(char, c); +} + + +void luaX_init (lua_State *L) { + int i; + for (i=0; i<NUM_RESERVED; i++) { + TString *ts = luaS_new(L, luaX_tokens[i]); + luaS_fix(ts); /* reserved words are never collected */ + lua_assert(strlen(luaX_tokens[i])+1 <= TOKEN_LEN); + ts->tsv.reserved = cast_byte(i+1); /* reserved word */ + } +} + + +#define MAXSRC 80 + + +const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) { + if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) { + lua_assert(token == cast(unsigned char, token)); + return (iscntrl(token)) ? luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "char(%d)", token) : + luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%c", token); + } + else + return luaX_tokens[token-FIRST_RESERVED]; +} + + +static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) { + switch (token) { + case TK_NAME: + case TK_STRING: + case TK_NUMBER: + save(ls, '\0'); + return luaZ_buffer(ls->buff); + default: + return luaX_token2str(ls, token); + } +} + + +void luaX_lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token) { + char buff[MAXSRC]; + luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(ls->source), MAXSRC); + msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, ls->linenumber, msg); + if (token) + luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s near " LUA_QS, msg, txtToken(ls, token)); + luaD_throw(ls->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX); +} + + +void luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) { + luaX_lexerror(ls, msg, ls->t.token); +} + + +TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) { + lua_State *L = ls->L; + TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l); + TValue *o = luaH_setstr(L, ls->fs->h, ts); /* entry for `str' */ + if (ttisnil(o)) { + setbvalue(o, 1); /* make sure `str' will not be collected */ + luaC_checkGC(L); + } + return ts; +} + + +static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) { + int old = ls->current; + lua_assert(currIsNewline(ls)); + next(ls); /* skip `\n' or `\r' */ + if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old) + next(ls); /* skip `\n\r' or `\r\n' */ + if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT) + luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines"); +} + + +void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source) { + ls->decpoint = '.'; + ls->L = L; + ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* no look-ahead token */ + ls->z = z; + ls->fs = NULL; + ls->linenumber = 1; + ls->lastline = 1; + ls->source = source; + luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER); /* initialize buffer */ + next(ls); /* read first char */ +} + + + +/* +** ======================================================= +** LEXICAL ANALYZER +** ======================================================= +*/ + + + +static int check_next (LexState *ls, const char *set) { + if (!strchr(set, ls->current)) + return 0; + save_and_next(ls); + return 1; +} + + +static void buffreplace (LexState *ls, char from, char to) { + size_t n = luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff); + char *p = luaZ_buffer(ls->buff); + while (n--) + if (p[n] == from) p[n] = to; +} + + +static void trydecpoint (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) { + /* format error: try to update decimal point separator */ + struct lconv *cv = localeconv(); + char old = ls->decpoint; + ls->decpoint = (cv ? cv->decimal_point[0] : '.'); + buffreplace(ls, old, ls->decpoint); /* try updated decimal separator */ + if (!luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &seminfo->r)) { + /* format error with correct decimal point: no more options */ + buffreplace(ls, ls->decpoint, '.'); /* undo change (for error message) */ + luaX_lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_NUMBER); + } +} + + +/* LUA_NUMBER */ +static void read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) { + lua_assert(isdigit(ls->current)); + do { + save_and_next(ls); + } while (isdigit(ls->current) || ls->current == '.'); + if (check_next(ls, "Ee")) /* `E'? */ + check_next(ls, "+-"); /* optional exponent sign */ + while (isalnum(ls->current) || ls->current == '_') + save_and_next(ls); + save(ls, '\0'); + buffreplace(ls, '.', ls->decpoint); /* follow locale for decimal point */ + if (!luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &seminfo->r)) /* format error? */ + trydecpoint(ls, seminfo); /* try to update decimal point separator */ +} + + +static int skip_sep (LexState *ls) { + int count = 0; + int s = ls->current; + lua_assert(s == '[' || s == ']'); + save_and_next(ls); + while (ls->current == '=') { + save_and_next(ls); + count++; + } + return (ls->current == s) ? count : (-count) - 1; +} + + +static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, int sep) { + int cont = 0; + (void)(cont); /* avoid warnings when `cont' is not used */ + save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `[' */ + if (currIsNewline(ls)) /* string starts with a newline? */ + inclinenumber(ls); /* skip it */ + for (;;) { + switch (ls->current) { + case EOZ: + luaX_lexerror(ls, (seminfo) ? "unfinished long string" : + "unfinished long comment", TK_EOS); + break; /* to avoid warnings */ +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LSTR) + case '[': { + if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) { + save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `[' */ + cont++; +#if LUA_COMPAT_LSTR == 1 + if (sep == 0) + luaX_lexerror(ls, "nesting of [[...]] is deprecated", '['); +#endif + } + break; + } +#endif + case ']': { + if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) { + save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `]' */ +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LSTR) && LUA_COMPAT_LSTR == 2 + cont--; + if (sep == 0 && cont >= 0) break; +#endif + goto endloop; + } + break; + } + case '\n': + case '\r': { + save(ls, '\n'); + inclinenumber(ls); + if (!seminfo) luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* avoid wasting space */ + break; + } + default: { + if (seminfo) save_and_next(ls); + else next(ls); + } + } + } endloop: + if (seminfo) + seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + (2 + sep), + luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2*(2 + sep)); +} + + +static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) { + save_and_next(ls); + while (ls->current != del) { + switch (ls->current) { + case EOZ: + luaX_lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_EOS); + continue; /* to avoid warnings */ + case '\n': + case '\r': + luaX_lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_STRING); + continue; /* to avoid warnings */ + case '\\': { + int c; + next(ls); /* do not save the `\' */ + switch (ls->current) { + case 'a': c = '\a'; break; + case 'b': c = '\b'; break; + case 'f': c = '\f'; break; + case 'n': c = '\n'; break; + case 'r': c = '\r'; break; + case 't': c = '\t'; break; + case 'v': c = '\v'; break; + case '\n': /* go through */ + case '\r': save(ls, '\n'); inclinenumber(ls); continue; + case EOZ: continue; /* will raise an error next loop */ + default: { + if (!isdigit(ls->current)) + save_and_next(ls); /* handles \\, \", \', and \? */ + else { /* \xxx */ + int i = 0; + c = 0; + do { + c = 10*c + (ls->current-'0'); + next(ls); + } while (++i<3 && isdigit(ls->current)); + if (c > UCHAR_MAX) + luaX_lexerror(ls, "escape sequence too large", TK_STRING); + save(ls, c); + } + continue; + } + } + save(ls, c); + next(ls); + continue; + } + default: + save_and_next(ls); + } + } + save_and_next(ls); /* skip delimiter */ + seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + 1, + luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2); +} + + +static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) { + luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); + for (;;) { + switch (ls->current) { + case '\n': + case '\r': { + inclinenumber(ls); + continue; + } + case '-': { + next(ls); + if (ls->current != '-') return '-'; + /* else is a comment */ + next(ls); + if (ls->current == '[') { + int sep = skip_sep(ls); + luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* `skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */ + if (sep >= 0) { + read_long_string(ls, NULL, sep); /* long comment */ + luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); + continue; + } + } + /* else short comment */ + while (!currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != EOZ) + next(ls); + continue; + } + case '[': { + int sep = skip_sep(ls); + if (sep >= 0) { + read_long_string(ls, seminfo, sep); + return TK_STRING; + } + else if (sep == -1) return '['; + else luaX_lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING); + } + case '=': { + next(ls); + if (ls->current != '=') return '='; + else { next(ls); return TK_EQ; } + } + case '<': { + next(ls); + if (ls->current != '=') return '<'; + else { next(ls); return TK_LE; } + } + case '>': { + next(ls); + if (ls->current != '=') return '>'; + else { next(ls); return TK_GE; } + } + case '~': { + next(ls); + if (ls->current != '=') return '~'; + else { next(ls); return TK_NE; } + } + case '"': + case '\'': { + read_string(ls, ls->current, seminfo); + return TK_STRING; + } + case '.': { + save_and_next(ls); + if (check_next(ls, ".")) { + if (check_next(ls, ".")) + return TK_DOTS; /* ... */ + else return TK_CONCAT; /* .. */ + } + else if (!isdigit(ls->current)) return '.'; + else { + read_numeral(ls, seminfo); + return TK_NUMBER; + } + } + case EOZ: { + return TK_EOS; + } + default: { + if (isspace(ls->current)) { + lua_assert(!currIsNewline(ls)); + next(ls); + continue; + } + else if (isdigit(ls->current)) { + read_numeral(ls, seminfo); + return TK_NUMBER; + } + else if (isalpha(ls->current) || ls->current == '_') { + /* identifier or reserved word */ + TString *ts; + do { + save_and_next(ls); + } while (isalnum(ls->current) || ls->current == '_'); + ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), + luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff)); + if (ts->tsv.reserved > 0) /* reserved word? */ + return ts->tsv.reserved - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED; + else { + seminfo->ts = ts; + return TK_NAME; + } + } + else { + int c = ls->current; + next(ls); + return c; /* single-char tokens (+ - / ...) */ + } + } + } + } +} + + +void luaX_next (LexState *ls) { + ls->lastline = ls->linenumber; + if (ls->lookahead.token != TK_EOS) { /* is there a look-ahead token? */ + ls->t = ls->lookahead; /* use this one */ + ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* and discharge it */ + } + else + ls->t.token = llex(ls, &ls->t.seminfo); /* read next token */ +} + + +void luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls) { + lua_assert(ls->lookahead.token == TK_EOS); + ls->lookahead.token = llex(ls, &ls->lookahead.seminfo); +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llex.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llex.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9201ce --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llex.h @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +/* +** $Id: llex.h,v 1.58.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Lexical Analyzer +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef llex_h +#define llex_h + +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lzio.h" + + +#define FIRST_RESERVED 257 + +/* maximum length of a reserved word */ +#define TOKEN_LEN (sizeof("function")/sizeof(char)) + + +/* +* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration, +* grep "ORDER RESERVED" +*/ +enum RESERVED { + /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */ + TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK, + TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION, + TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT, + TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE, + /* other terminal symbols */ + TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE, TK_NUMBER, + TK_NAME, TK_STRING, TK_EOS +}; + +/* number of reserved words */ +#define NUM_RESERVED (cast(int, TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED+1)) + + +/* array with token `names' */ +LUAI_DATA const char *const luaX_tokens []; + + +typedef union { + lua_Number r; + TString *ts; +} SemInfo; /* semantics information */ + + +typedef struct Token { + int token; + SemInfo seminfo; +} Token; + + +typedef struct LexState { + int current; /* current character (charint) */ + int linenumber; /* input line counter */ + int lastline; /* line of last token `consumed' */ + Token t; /* current token */ + Token lookahead; /* look ahead token */ + struct FuncState *fs; /* `FuncState' is private to the parser */ + struct lua_State *L; + ZIO *z; /* input stream */ + Mbuffer *buff; /* buffer for tokens */ + TString *source; /* current source name */ + char decpoint; /* locale decimal point */ +} LexState; + + +LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, + TString *source); +LUAI_FUNC TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l); +LUAI_FUNC void luaX_next (LexState *ls); +LUAI_FUNC void luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls); +LUAI_FUNC void luaX_lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token); +LUAI_FUNC void luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *s); +LUAI_FUNC const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token); + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llimits.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llimits.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca8dcb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/llimits.h @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +/* +** $Id: llimits.h,v 1.69.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Limits, basic types, and some other `installation-dependent' definitions +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef llimits_h +#define llimits_h + + +#include <limits.h> +#include <stddef.h> + + +#include "lua.h" + + +typedef LUAI_UINT32 lu_int32; + +typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem; + +typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem; + + + +/* chars used as small naturals (so that `char' is reserved for characters) */ +typedef unsigned char lu_byte; + + +#define MAX_SIZET ((size_t)(~(size_t)0)-2) + +#define MAX_LUMEM ((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0)-2) + + +#define MAX_INT (INT_MAX-2) /* maximum value of an int (-2 for safety) */ + +/* +** conversion of pointer to integer +** this is for hashing only; there is no problem if the integer +** cannot hold the whole pointer value +*/ +#define IntPoint(p) ((unsigned int)(lu_mem)(p)) + + + +/* type to ensure maximum alignment */ +typedef LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T L_Umaxalign; + + +/* result of a `usual argument conversion' over lua_Number */ +typedef LUAI_UACNUMBER l_uacNumber; + + +/* internal assertions for in-house debugging */ +#ifdef lua_assert + +#define check_exp(c,e) (lua_assert(c), (e)) +#define api_check(l,e) lua_assert(e) + +#else + +#define lua_assert(c) ((void)0) +#define check_exp(c,e) (e) +#define api_check luai_apicheck + +#endif + + +#ifndef UNUSED +#define UNUSED(x) ((void)(x)) /* to avoid warnings */ +#endif + + +#ifndef cast +#define cast(t, exp) ((t)(exp)) +#endif + +#define cast_byte(i) cast(lu_byte, (i)) +#define cast_num(i) cast(lua_Number, (i)) +#define cast_int(i) cast(int, (i)) + + + +/* +** type for virtual-machine instructions +** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h) +*/ +typedef lu_int32 Instruction; + + + +/* maximum stack for a Lua function */ +#define MAXSTACK 250 + + + +/* minimum size for the string table (must be power of 2) */ +#ifndef MINSTRTABSIZE +#define MINSTRTABSIZE 32 +#endif + + +/* minimum size for string buffer */ +#ifndef LUA_MINBUFFER +#define LUA_MINBUFFER 32 +#endif + + +#ifndef lua_lock +#define lua_lock(L) ((void) 0) +#define lua_unlock(L) ((void) 0) +#endif + +#ifndef luai_threadyield +#define luai_threadyield(L) {lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);} +#endif + + +/* +** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation +*/ +#ifndef HARDSTACKTESTS +#define condhardstacktests(x) ((void)0) +#else +#define condhardstacktests(x) x +#endif + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmathlib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmathlib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..441fbf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmathlib.c @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +/* +** $Id: lmathlib.c,v 1.67.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Standard mathematical library +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <math.h> + +#define lmathlib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + +#undef PI +#define PI (3.14159265358979323846) +#define RADIANS_PER_DEGREE (PI/180.0) + + + +static int math_abs (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, fabs(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_sin (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, sin(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, sinh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_cos (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, cos(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, cosh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_tan (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, tan(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, tanh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_asin (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, asin(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_acos (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, acos(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_atan (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, atan(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_atan2 (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, atan2(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, ceil(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_floor (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, floor(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_fmod (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, fmod(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_modf (lua_State *L) { + double ip; + double fp = modf(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &ip); + lua_pushnumber(L, ip); + lua_pushnumber(L, fp); + return 2; +} + +static int math_sqrt (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, sqrt(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_pow (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, pow(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_log (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, log(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, log10(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_exp (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, exp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1))); + return 1; +} + +static int math_deg (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)/RADIANS_PER_DEGREE); + return 1; +} + +static int math_rad (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)*RADIANS_PER_DEGREE); + return 1; +} + +static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) { + int e; + lua_pushnumber(L, frexp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e)); + lua_pushinteger(L, e); + return 2; +} + +static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, ldexp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checkint(L, 2))); + return 1; +} + + + +static int math_min (lua_State *L) { + int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */ + lua_Number dmin = luaL_checknumber(L, 1); + int i; + for (i=2; i<=n; i++) { + lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i); + if (d < dmin) + dmin = d; + } + lua_pushnumber(L, dmin); + return 1; +} + + +static int math_max (lua_State *L) { + int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */ + lua_Number dmax = luaL_checknumber(L, 1); + int i; + for (i=2; i<=n; i++) { + lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i); + if (d > dmax) + dmax = d; + } + lua_pushnumber(L, dmax); + return 1; +} + + +static int math_random (lua_State *L) { + /* the `%' avoids the (rare) case of r==1, and is needed also because on + some systems (SunOS!) `rand()' may return a value larger than RAND_MAX */ + lua_Number r = (lua_Number)(rand()%RAND_MAX) / (lua_Number)RAND_MAX; + switch (lua_gettop(L)) { /* check number of arguments */ + case 0: { /* no arguments */ + lua_pushnumber(L, r); /* Number between 0 and 1 */ + break; + } + case 1: { /* only upper limit */ + int u = luaL_checkint(L, 1); + luaL_argcheck(L, 1<=u, 1, "interval is empty"); + lua_pushnumber(L, floor(r*u)+1); /* int between 1 and `u' */ + break; + } + case 2: { /* lower and upper limits */ + int l = luaL_checkint(L, 1); + int u = luaL_checkint(L, 2); + luaL_argcheck(L, l<=u, 2, "interval is empty"); + lua_pushnumber(L, floor(r*(u-l+1))+l); /* int between `l' and `u' */ + break; + } + default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments"); + } + return 1; +} + + +static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) { + srand(luaL_checkint(L, 1)); + return 0; +} + + +static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = { + {"abs", math_abs}, + {"acos", math_acos}, + {"asin", math_asin}, + {"atan2", math_atan2}, + {"atan", math_atan}, + {"ceil", math_ceil}, + {"cosh", math_cosh}, + {"cos", math_cos}, + {"deg", math_deg}, + {"exp", math_exp}, + {"floor", math_floor}, + {"fmod", math_fmod}, + {"frexp", math_frexp}, + {"ldexp", math_ldexp}, + {"log10", math_log10}, + {"log", math_log}, + {"max", math_max}, + {"min", math_min}, + {"modf", math_modf}, + {"pow", math_pow}, + {"rad", math_rad}, + {"random", math_random}, + {"randomseed", math_randomseed}, + {"sinh", math_sinh}, + {"sin", math_sin}, + {"sqrt", math_sqrt}, + {"tanh", math_tanh}, + {"tan", math_tan}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +/* +** Open math library +*/ +LUALIB_API int luaopen_math (lua_State *L) { + luaL_register(L, LUA_MATHLIBNAME, mathlib); + lua_pushnumber(L, PI); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "pi"); + lua_pushnumber(L, HUGE_VAL); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "huge"); +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MOD) + lua_getfield(L, -1, "fmod"); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "mod"); +#endif + return 1; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmem.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmem.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae7d8c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmem.c @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +/* +** $Id: lmem.c,v 1.70.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Interface to Memory Manager +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stddef.h> + +#define lmem_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" + + + +/* +** About the realloc function: +** void * frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize); +** (`osize' is the old size, `nsize' is the new size) +** +** Lua ensures that (ptr == NULL) iff (osize == 0). +** +** * frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, x) creates a new block of size `x' +** +** * frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block `p' +** (in this specific case, frealloc must return NULL). +** particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing +** (which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ANSI C) +** +** frealloc returns NULL if it cannot create or reallocate the area +** (any reallocation to an equal or smaller size cannot fail!) +*/ + + + +#define MINSIZEARRAY 4 + + +void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size, size_t size_elems, + int limit, const char *errormsg) { + void *newblock; + int newsize; + if (*size >= limit/2) { /* cannot double it? */ + if (*size >= limit) /* cannot grow even a little? */ + luaG_runerror(L, errormsg); + newsize = limit; /* still have at least one free place */ + } + else { + newsize = (*size)*2; + if (newsize < MINSIZEARRAY) + newsize = MINSIZEARRAY; /* minimum size */ + } + newblock = luaM_reallocv(L, block, *size, newsize, size_elems); + *size = newsize; /* update only when everything else is OK */ + return newblock; +} + + +void *luaM_toobig (lua_State *L) { + luaG_runerror(L, "memory allocation error: block too big"); + return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */ +} + + + +/* +** generic allocation routine. +*/ +void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) { + global_State *g = G(L); + lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL)); + block = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize); + if (block == NULL && nsize > 0) + luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM); + lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (block == NULL)); + g->totalbytes = (g->totalbytes - osize) + nsize; + return block; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmem.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmem.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c2dcb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lmem.h @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +/* +** $Id: lmem.h,v 1.31.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Interface to Memory Manager +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lmem_h +#define lmem_h + + +#include <stddef.h> + +#include "llimits.h" +#include "lua.h" + +#define MEMERRMSG "not enough memory" + + +#define luaM_reallocv(L,b,on,n,e) \ + ((cast(size_t, (n)+1) <= MAX_SIZET/(e)) ? /* +1 to avoid warnings */ \ + luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (on)*(e), (n)*(e)) : \ + luaM_toobig(L)) + +#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (s), 0) +#define luaM_free(L, b) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)), 0) +#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n, t) luaM_reallocv(L, (b), n, 0, sizeof(t)) + +#define luaM_malloc(L,t) luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, 0, (t)) +#define luaM_new(L,t) cast(t *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeof(t))) +#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t) \ + cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, NULL, 0, n, sizeof(t))) + +#define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \ + if ((nelems)+1 > (size)) \ + ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,&(size),sizeof(t),limit,e))) + +#define luaM_reallocvector(L, v,oldn,n,t) \ + ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, v, oldn, n, sizeof(t)))) + + +LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize, + size_t size); +LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_toobig (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size, + size_t size_elem, int limit, + const char *errormsg); + +#endif + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/loadlib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/loadlib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6158c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/loadlib.c @@ -0,0 +1,666 @@ +/* +** $Id: loadlib.c,v 1.52.1.4 2009/09/09 13:17:16 roberto Exp $ +** Dynamic library loader for Lua +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +** +** This module contains an implementation of loadlib for Unix systems +** that have dlfcn, an implementation for Darwin (Mac OS X), an +** implementation for Windows, and a stub for other systems. +*/ + + +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + + +#define loadlib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + +/* prefix for open functions in C libraries */ +#define LUA_POF "luaopen_" + +/* separator for open functions in C libraries */ +#define LUA_OFSEP "_" + + +#define LIBPREFIX "LOADLIB: " + +#define POF LUA_POF +#define LIB_FAIL "open" + + +/* error codes for ll_loadfunc */ +#define ERRLIB 1 +#define ERRFUNC 2 + +#define setprogdir(L) ((void)0) + + +static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib); +static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path); +static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym); + + + +#if defined(LUA_DL_DLOPEN) +/* +** {======================================================================== +** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface. +** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD, +** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and probably most other Unix flavors, at least +** as an emulation layer on top of native functions. +** ========================================================================= +*/ + +#include <dlfcn.h> + +static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) { + dlclose(lib); +} + + +static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) { + void *lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW); + if (lib == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror()); + return lib; +} + + +static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) { + lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)dlsym(lib, sym); + if (f == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror()); + return f; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + + +#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL) +/* +** {====================================================================== +** This is an implementation of loadlib for Windows using native functions. +** ======================================================================= +*/ + +#include <windows.h> + + +#undef setprogdir + +static void setprogdir (lua_State *L) { + char buff[MAX_PATH + 1]; + char *lb; + DWORD nsize = sizeof(buff)/sizeof(char); + DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buff, nsize); + if (n == 0 || n == nsize || (lb = strrchr(buff, '\\')) == NULL) + luaL_error(L, "unable to get ModuleFileName"); + else { + *lb = '\0'; + luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_EXECDIR, buff); + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove original string */ + } +} + + +static void pusherror (lua_State *L) { + int error = GetLastError(); + char buffer[128]; + if (FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, + NULL, error, 0, buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL)) + lua_pushstring(L, buffer); + else + lua_pushfstring(L, "system error %d\n", error); +} + +static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) { + FreeLibrary((HINSTANCE)lib); +} + + +static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) { + HINSTANCE lib = LoadLibraryA(path); + if (lib == NULL) pusherror(L); + return lib; +} + + +static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) { + lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)GetProcAddress((HINSTANCE)lib, sym); + if (f == NULL) pusherror(L); + return f; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + + +#elif defined(LUA_DL_DYLD) +/* +** {====================================================================== +** Native Mac OS X / Darwin Implementation +** ======================================================================= +*/ + +#include <mach-o/dyld.h> + + +/* Mac appends a `_' before C function names */ +#undef POF +#define POF "_" LUA_POF + + +static void pusherror (lua_State *L) { + const char *err_str; + const char *err_file; + NSLinkEditErrors err; + int err_num; + NSLinkEditError(&err, &err_num, &err_file, &err_str); + lua_pushstring(L, err_str); +} + + +static const char *errorfromcode (NSObjectFileImageReturnCode ret) { + switch (ret) { + case NSObjectFileImageInappropriateFile: + return "file is not a bundle"; + case NSObjectFileImageArch: + return "library is for wrong CPU type"; + case NSObjectFileImageFormat: + return "bad format"; + case NSObjectFileImageAccess: + return "cannot access file"; + case NSObjectFileImageFailure: + default: + return "unable to load library"; + } +} + + +static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) { + NSUnLinkModule((NSModule)lib, NSUNLINKMODULE_OPTION_RESET_LAZY_REFERENCES); +} + + +static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) { + NSObjectFileImage img; + NSObjectFileImageReturnCode ret; + /* this would be a rare case, but prevents crashing if it happens */ + if(!_dyld_present()) { + lua_pushliteral(L, "dyld not present"); + return NULL; + } + ret = NSCreateObjectFileImageFromFile(path, &img); + if (ret == NSObjectFileImageSuccess) { + NSModule mod = NSLinkModule(img, path, NSLINKMODULE_OPTION_PRIVATE | + NSLINKMODULE_OPTION_RETURN_ON_ERROR); + NSDestroyObjectFileImage(img); + if (mod == NULL) pusherror(L); + return mod; + } + lua_pushstring(L, errorfromcode(ret)); + return NULL; +} + + +static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) { + NSSymbol nss = NSLookupSymbolInModule((NSModule)lib, sym); + if (nss == NULL) { + lua_pushfstring(L, "symbol " LUA_QS " not found", sym); + return NULL; + } + return (lua_CFunction)NSAddressOfSymbol(nss); +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + + +#else +/* +** {====================================================== +** Fallback for other systems +** ======================================================= +*/ + +#undef LIB_FAIL +#define LIB_FAIL "absent" + + +#define DLMSG "dynamic libraries not enabled; check your Lua installation" + + +static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) { + (void)lib; /* to avoid warnings */ +} + + +static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) { + (void)path; /* to avoid warnings */ + lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG); + return NULL; +} + + +static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) { + (void)lib; (void)sym; /* to avoid warnings */ + lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG); + return NULL; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ +#endif + + + +static void **ll_register (lua_State *L, const char *path) { + void **plib; + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", LIBPREFIX, path); + lua_gettable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* check library in registry? */ + if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is there an entry? */ + plib = (void **)lua_touserdata(L, -1); + else { /* no entry yet; create one */ + lua_pop(L, 1); + plib = (void **)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(const void *)); + *plib = NULL; + luaL_getmetatable(L, "_LOADLIB"); + lua_setmetatable(L, -2); + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", LIBPREFIX, path); + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); + lua_settable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); + } + return plib; +} + + +/* +** __gc tag method: calls library's `ll_unloadlib' function with the lib +** handle +*/ +static int gctm (lua_State *L) { + void **lib = (void **)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, "_LOADLIB"); + if (*lib) ll_unloadlib(*lib); + *lib = NULL; /* mark library as closed */ + return 0; +} + + +static int ll_loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) { + void **reg = ll_register(L, path); + if (*reg == NULL) *reg = ll_load(L, path); + if (*reg == NULL) + return ERRLIB; /* unable to load library */ + else { + lua_CFunction f = ll_sym(L, *reg, sym); + if (f == NULL) + return ERRFUNC; /* unable to find function */ + lua_pushcfunction(L, f); + return 0; /* return function */ + } +} + + +static int ll_loadlib (lua_State *L) { + const char *path = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + const char *init = luaL_checkstring(L, 2); + int stat = ll_loadfunc(L, path, init); + if (stat == 0) /* no errors? */ + return 1; /* return the loaded function */ + else { /* error; error message is on stack top */ + lua_pushnil(L); + lua_insert(L, -2); + lua_pushstring(L, (stat == ERRLIB) ? LIB_FAIL : "init"); + return 3; /* return nil, error message, and where */ + } +} + + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** 'require' function +** ======================================================= +*/ + + +static int readable (const char *filename) { + FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r"); /* try to open file */ + if (f == NULL) return 0; /* open failed */ + fclose(f); + return 1; +} + + +static const char *pushnexttemplate (lua_State *L, const char *path) { + const char *l; + while (*path == *LUA_PATHSEP) path++; /* skip separators */ + if (*path == '\0') return NULL; /* no more templates */ + l = strchr(path, *LUA_PATHSEP); /* find next separator */ + if (l == NULL) l = path + strlen(path); + lua_pushlstring(L, path, l - path); /* template */ + return l; +} + + +static const char *findfile (lua_State *L, const char *name, + const char *pname) { + const char *path; + name = luaL_gsub(L, name, ".", LUA_DIRSEP); + lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, pname); + path = lua_tostring(L, -1); + if (path == NULL) + luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.%s") " must be a string", pname); + lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* error accumulator */ + while ((path = pushnexttemplate(L, path)) != NULL) { + const char *filename; + filename = luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_PATH_MARK, name); + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove path template */ + if (readable(filename)) /* does file exist and is readable? */ + return filename; /* return that file name */ + lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno file " LUA_QS, filename); + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove file name */ + lua_concat(L, 2); /* add entry to possible error message */ + } + return NULL; /* not found */ +} + + +static void loaderror (lua_State *L, const char *filename) { + luaL_error(L, "error loading module " LUA_QS " from file " LUA_QS ":\n\t%s", + lua_tostring(L, 1), filename, lua_tostring(L, -1)); +} + + +static int loader_Lua (lua_State *L) { + const char *filename; + const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + filename = findfile(L, name, "path"); + if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* library not found in this path */ + if (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) != 0) + loaderror(L, filename); + return 1; /* library loaded successfully */ +} + + +static const char *mkfuncname (lua_State *L, const char *modname) { + const char *funcname; + const char *mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK); + if (mark) modname = mark + 1; + funcname = luaL_gsub(L, modname, ".", LUA_OFSEP); + funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, POF"%s", funcname); + lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove 'gsub' result */ + return funcname; +} + + +static int loader_C (lua_State *L) { + const char *funcname; + const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + const char *filename = findfile(L, name, "cpath"); + if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* library not found in this path */ + funcname = mkfuncname(L, name); + if (ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname) != 0) + loaderror(L, filename); + return 1; /* library loaded successfully */ +} + + +static int loader_Croot (lua_State *L) { + const char *funcname; + const char *filename; + const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + const char *p = strchr(name, '.'); + int stat; + if (p == NULL) return 0; /* is root */ + lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name); + filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath"); + if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* root not found */ + funcname = mkfuncname(L, name); + if ((stat = ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname)) != 0) { + if (stat != ERRFUNC) loaderror(L, filename); /* real error */ + lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno module " LUA_QS " in file " LUA_QS, + name, filename); + return 1; /* function not found */ + } + return 1; +} + + +static int loader_preload (lua_State *L) { + const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, "preload"); + if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) + luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.preload") " must be a table"); + lua_getfield(L, -1, name); + if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* not found? */ + lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno field package.preload['%s']", name); + return 1; +} + + +static const int sentinel_ = 0; +#define sentinel ((void *)&sentinel_) + + +static int ll_require (lua_State *L) { + const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + int i; + lua_settop(L, 1); /* _LOADED table will be at index 2 */ + lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED"); + lua_getfield(L, 2, name); + if (lua_toboolean(L, -1)) { /* is it there? */ + if (lua_touserdata(L, -1) == sentinel) /* check loops */ + luaL_error(L, "loop or previous error loading module " LUA_QS, name); + return 1; /* package is already loaded */ + } + /* else must load it; iterate over available loaders */ + lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, "loaders"); + if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) + luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.loaders") " must be a table"); + lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* error message accumulator */ + for (i=1; ; i++) { + lua_rawgeti(L, -2, i); /* get a loader */ + if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) + luaL_error(L, "module " LUA_QS " not found:%s", + name, lua_tostring(L, -2)); + lua_pushstring(L, name); + lua_call(L, 1, 1); /* call it */ + if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) /* did it find module? */ + break; /* module loaded successfully */ + else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) /* loader returned error message? */ + lua_concat(L, 2); /* accumulate it */ + else + lua_pop(L, 1); + } + lua_pushlightuserdata(L, sentinel); + lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = sentinel */ + lua_pushstring(L, name); /* pass name as argument to module */ + lua_call(L, 1, 1); /* run loaded module */ + if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* non-nil return? */ + lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = returned value */ + lua_getfield(L, 2, name); + if (lua_touserdata(L, -1) == sentinel) { /* module did not set a value? */ + lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* use true as result */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* extra copy to be returned */ + lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = true */ + } + return 1; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** 'module' function +** ======================================================= +*/ + + +static void setfenv (lua_State *L) { + lua_Debug ar; + if (lua_getstack(L, 1, &ar) == 0 || + lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar) == 0 || /* get calling function */ + lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) + luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("module") " not called from a Lua function"); + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); + lua_setfenv(L, -2); + lua_pop(L, 1); +} + + +static void dooptions (lua_State *L, int n) { + int i; + for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) { + lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* get option (a function) */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* module */ + lua_call(L, 1, 0); + } +} + + +static void modinit (lua_State *L, const char *modname) { + const char *dot; + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "_M"); /* module._M = module */ + lua_pushstring(L, modname); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "_NAME"); + dot = strrchr(modname, '.'); /* look for last dot in module name */ + if (dot == NULL) dot = modname; + else dot++; + /* set _PACKAGE as package name (full module name minus last part) */ + lua_pushlstring(L, modname, dot - modname); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "_PACKAGE"); +} + + +static int ll_module (lua_State *L) { + const char *modname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + int loaded = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of _LOADED table */ + lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED"); + lua_getfield(L, loaded, modname); /* get _LOADED[modname] */ + if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* not found? */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */ + /* try global variable (and create one if it does not exist) */ + if (luaL_findtable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, modname, 1) != NULL) + return luaL_error(L, "name conflict for module " LUA_QS, modname); + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_setfield(L, loaded, modname); /* _LOADED[modname] = new table */ + } + /* check whether table already has a _NAME field */ + lua_getfield(L, -1, "_NAME"); + if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is table an initialized module? */ + lua_pop(L, 1); + else { /* no; initialize it */ + lua_pop(L, 1); + modinit(L, modname); + } + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + setfenv(L); + dooptions(L, loaded - 1); + return 0; +} + + +static int ll_seeall (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) { + lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create new metatable */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_setmetatable(L, 1); + } + lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* mt.__index = _G */ + return 0; +} + + +/* }====================================================== */ + + + +/* auxiliary mark (for internal use) */ +#define AUXMARK "\1" + +static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname, const char *envname, + const char *def) { + const char *path = getenv(envname); + if (path == NULL) /* no environment variable? */ + lua_pushstring(L, def); /* use default */ + else { + /* replace ";;" by ";AUXMARK;" and then AUXMARK by default path */ + path = luaL_gsub(L, path, LUA_PATHSEP LUA_PATHSEP, + LUA_PATHSEP AUXMARK LUA_PATHSEP); + luaL_gsub(L, path, AUXMARK, def); + lua_remove(L, -2); + } + setprogdir(L); + lua_setfield(L, -2, fieldname); +} + + +static const luaL_Reg pk_funcs[] = { + {"loadlib", ll_loadlib}, + {"seeall", ll_seeall}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +static const luaL_Reg ll_funcs[] = { + {"module", ll_module}, + {"require", ll_require}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +static const lua_CFunction loaders[] = + {loader_preload, loader_Lua, loader_C, loader_Croot, NULL}; + + +LUALIB_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) { + int i; + /* create new type _LOADLIB */ + luaL_newmetatable(L, "_LOADLIB"); + lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc"); + /* create `package' table */ + luaL_register(L, LUA_LOADLIBNAME, pk_funcs); +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB) + lua_getfield(L, -1, "loadlib"); + lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "loadlib"); +#endif + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_replace(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX); + /* create `loaders' table */ + lua_createtable(L, sizeof(loaders)/sizeof(loaders[0]) - 1, 0); + /* fill it with pre-defined loaders */ + for (i=0; loaders[i] != NULL; i++) { + lua_pushcfunction(L, loaders[i]); + lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1); + } + lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaders"); /* put it in field `loaders' */ + setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATH, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT); /* set field `path' */ + setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATH, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT); /* set field `cpath' */ + /* store config information */ + lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_DIRSEP "\n" LUA_PATHSEP "\n" LUA_PATH_MARK "\n" + LUA_EXECDIR "\n" LUA_IGMARK); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "config"); + /* set field `loaded' */ + luaL_findtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED", 2); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded"); + /* set field `preload' */ + lua_newtable(L); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "preload"); + lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); + luaL_register(L, NULL, ll_funcs); /* open lib into global table */ + lua_pop(L, 1); + return 1; /* return 'package' table */ +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lobject.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lobject.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ff5073 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lobject.c @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +/* +** $Id: lobject.c,v 2.22.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Some generic functions over Lua objects +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#include <ctype.h> +#include <stdarg.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define lobject_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "lvm.h" + + + +const TValue luaO_nilobject_ = {{NULL}, LUA_TNIL}; + + +/* +** converts an integer to a "floating point byte", represented as +** (eeeeexxx), where the real value is (1xxx) * 2^(eeeee - 1) if +** eeeee != 0 and (xxx) otherwise. +*/ +int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x) { + int e = 0; /* expoent */ + while (x >= 16) { + x = (x+1) >> 1; + e++; + } + if (x < 8) return x; + else return ((e+1) << 3) | (cast_int(x) - 8); +} + + +/* converts back */ +int luaO_fb2int (int x) { + int e = (x >> 3) & 31; + if (e == 0) return x; + else return ((x & 7)+8) << (e - 1); +} + + +int luaO_log2 (unsigned int x) { + static const lu_byte log_2[256] = { + 0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5, + 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6, + 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7, + 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7, + 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8, + 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8, + 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8, + 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8 + }; + int l = -1; + while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; } + return l + log_2[x]; + +} + + +int luaO_rawequalObj (const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) { + if (ttype(t1) != ttype(t2)) return 0; + else switch (ttype(t1)) { + case LUA_TNIL: + return 1; + case LUA_TNUMBER: + return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2)); + case LUA_TBOOLEAN: + return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2); /* boolean true must be 1 !! */ + case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: + return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2); + default: + lua_assert(iscollectable(t1)); + return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2); + } +} + + +int luaO_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result) { + char *endptr; + *result = lua_str2number(s, &endptr); + if (endptr == s) return 0; /* conversion failed */ + if (*endptr == 'x' || *endptr == 'X') /* maybe an hexadecimal constant? */ + *result = cast_num(strtoul(s, &endptr, 16)); + if (*endptr == '\0') return 1; /* most common case */ + while (isspace(cast(unsigned char, *endptr))) endptr++; + if (*endptr != '\0') return 0; /* invalid trailing characters? */ + return 1; +} + + + +static void pushstr (lua_State *L, const char *str) { + setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, str)); + incr_top(L); +} + + +/* this function handles only `%d', `%c', %f, %p, and `%s' formats */ +const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) { + int n = 1; + pushstr(L, ""); + for (;;) { + const char *e = strchr(fmt, '%'); + if (e == NULL) break; + setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, fmt, e-fmt)); + incr_top(L); + switch (*(e+1)) { + case 's': { + const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *); + if (s == NULL) s = "(null)"; + pushstr(L, s); + break; + } + case 'c': { + char buff[2]; + buff[0] = cast(char, va_arg(argp, int)); + buff[1] = '\0'; + pushstr(L, buff); + break; + } + case 'd': { + setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, int))); + incr_top(L); + break; + } + case 'f': { + setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber))); + incr_top(L); + break; + } + case 'p': { + char buff[4*sizeof(void *) + 8]; /* should be enough space for a `%p' */ + sprintf(buff, "%p", va_arg(argp, void *)); + pushstr(L, buff); + break; + } + case '%': { + pushstr(L, "%"); + break; + } + default: { + char buff[3]; + buff[0] = '%'; + buff[1] = *(e+1); + buff[2] = '\0'; + pushstr(L, buff); + break; + } + } + n += 2; + fmt = e+2; + } + pushstr(L, fmt); + luaV_concat(L, n+1, cast_int(L->top - L->base) - 1); + L->top -= n; + return svalue(L->top - 1); +} + + +const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) { + const char *msg; + va_list argp; + va_start(argp, fmt); + msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp); + va_end(argp); + return msg; +} + + +void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t bufflen) { + if (*source == '=') { + strncpy(out, source+1, bufflen); /* remove first char */ + out[bufflen-1] = '\0'; /* ensures null termination */ + } + else { /* out = "source", or "...source" */ + if (*source == '@') { + size_t l; + source++; /* skip the `@' */ + bufflen -= sizeof(" '...' "); + l = strlen(source); + strcpy(out, ""); + if (l > bufflen) { + source += (l-bufflen); /* get last part of file name */ + strcat(out, "..."); + } + strcat(out, source); + } + else { /* out = [string "string"] */ + size_t len = strcspn(source, "\n\r"); /* stop at first newline */ + bufflen -= sizeof(" [string \"...\"] "); + if (len > bufflen) len = bufflen; + strcpy(out, "[string \""); + if (source[len] != '\0') { /* must truncate? */ + strncat(out, source, len); + strcat(out, "..."); + } + else + strcat(out, source); + strcat(out, "\"]"); + } + } +} diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lobject.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lobject.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1e447e --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lobject.h @@ -0,0 +1,381 @@ +/* +** $Id: lobject.h,v 2.20.1.2 2008/08/06 13:29:48 roberto Exp $ +** Type definitions for Lua objects +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#ifndef lobject_h +#define lobject_h + + +#include <stdarg.h> + + +#include "llimits.h" +#include "lua.h" + + +/* tags for values visible from Lua */ +#define LAST_TAG LUA_TTHREAD + +#define NUM_TAGS (LAST_TAG+1) + + +/* +** Extra tags for non-values +*/ +#define LUA_TPROTO (LAST_TAG+1) +#define LUA_TUPVAL (LAST_TAG+2) +#define LUA_TDEADKEY (LAST_TAG+3) + + +/* +** Union of all collectable objects +*/ +typedef union GCObject GCObject; + + +/* +** Common Header for all collectable objects (in macro form, to be +** included in other objects) +*/ +#define CommonHeader GCObject *next; lu_byte tt; lu_byte marked + + +/* +** Common header in struct form +*/ +typedef struct GCheader { + CommonHeader; +} GCheader; + + + + +/* +** Union of all Lua values +*/ +typedef union { + GCObject *gc; + void *p; + lua_Number n; + int b; +} Value; + + +/* +** Tagged Values +*/ + +#define TValuefields Value value; int tt + +typedef struct lua_TValue { + TValuefields; +} TValue; + + +/* Macros to test type */ +#define ttisnil(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNIL) +#define ttisnumber(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNUMBER) +#define ttisstring(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TSTRING) +#define ttistable(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TTABLE) +#define ttisfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION) +#define ttisboolean(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TBOOLEAN) +#define ttisuserdata(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TUSERDATA) +#define ttisthread(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TTHREAD) +#define ttislightuserdata(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA) + +/* Macros to access values */ +#define ttype(o) ((o)->tt) +#define gcvalue(o) check_exp(iscollectable(o), (o)->value.gc) +#define pvalue(o) check_exp(ttislightuserdata(o), (o)->value.p) +#define nvalue(o) check_exp(ttisnumber(o), (o)->value.n) +#define rawtsvalue(o) check_exp(ttisstring(o), &(o)->value.gc->ts) +#define tsvalue(o) (&rawtsvalue(o)->tsv) +#define rawuvalue(o) check_exp(ttisuserdata(o), &(o)->value.gc->u) +#define uvalue(o) (&rawuvalue(o)->uv) +#define clvalue(o) check_exp(ttisfunction(o), &(o)->value.gc->cl) +#define hvalue(o) check_exp(ttistable(o), &(o)->value.gc->h) +#define bvalue(o) check_exp(ttisboolean(o), (o)->value.b) +#define thvalue(o) check_exp(ttisthread(o), &(o)->value.gc->th) + +#define l_isfalse(o) (ttisnil(o) || (ttisboolean(o) && bvalue(o) == 0)) + +/* +** for internal debug only +*/ +#define checkconsistency(obj) \ + lua_assert(!iscollectable(obj) || (ttype(obj) == (obj)->value.gc->gch.tt)) + +#define checkliveness(g,obj) \ + lua_assert(!iscollectable(obj) || \ + ((ttype(obj) == (obj)->value.gc->gch.tt) && !isdead(g, (obj)->value.gc))) + + +/* Macros to set values */ +#define setnilvalue(obj) ((obj)->tt=LUA_TNIL) + +#define setnvalue(obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.n=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TNUMBER; } + +#define setpvalue(obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.p=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA; } + +#define setbvalue(obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.b=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TBOOLEAN; } + +#define setsvalue(L,obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); \ + i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TSTRING; \ + checkliveness(G(L),i_o); } + +#define setuvalue(L,obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); \ + i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TUSERDATA; \ + checkliveness(G(L),i_o); } + +#define setthvalue(L,obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); \ + i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TTHREAD; \ + checkliveness(G(L),i_o); } + +#define setclvalue(L,obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); \ + i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TFUNCTION; \ + checkliveness(G(L),i_o); } + +#define sethvalue(L,obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); \ + i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TTABLE; \ + checkliveness(G(L),i_o); } + +#define setptvalue(L,obj,x) \ + { TValue *i_o=(obj); \ + i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TPROTO; \ + checkliveness(G(L),i_o); } + + + + +#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \ + { const TValue *o2=(obj2); TValue *o1=(obj1); \ + o1->value = o2->value; o1->tt=o2->tt; \ + checkliveness(G(L),o1); } + + +/* +** different types of sets, according to destination +*/ + +/* from stack to (same) stack */ +#define setobjs2s setobj +/* to stack (not from same stack) */ +#define setobj2s setobj +#define setsvalue2s setsvalue +#define sethvalue2s sethvalue +#define setptvalue2s setptvalue +/* from table to same table */ +#define setobjt2t setobj +/* to table */ +#define setobj2t setobj +/* to new object */ +#define setobj2n setobj +#define setsvalue2n setsvalue + +#define setttype(obj, tt) (ttype(obj) = (tt)) + + +#define iscollectable(o) (ttype(o) >= LUA_TSTRING) + + + +typedef TValue *StkId; /* index to stack elements */ + + +/* +** String headers for string table +*/ +typedef union TString { + L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for strings */ + struct { + CommonHeader; + lu_byte reserved; + unsigned int hash; + size_t len; + } tsv; +} TString; + + +#define getstr(ts) cast(const char *, (ts) + 1) +#define svalue(o) getstr(rawtsvalue(o)) + + + +typedef union Udata { + L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for `local' udata */ + struct { + CommonHeader; + struct Table *metatable; + struct Table *env; + size_t len; + } uv; +} Udata; + + + + +/* +** Function Prototypes +*/ +typedef struct Proto { + CommonHeader; + TValue *k; /* constants used by the function */ + Instruction *code; + struct Proto **p; /* functions defined inside the function */ + int *lineinfo; /* map from opcodes to source lines */ + struct LocVar *locvars; /* information about local variables */ + TString **upvalues; /* upvalue names */ + TString *source; + int sizeupvalues; + int sizek; /* size of `k' */ + int sizecode; + int sizelineinfo; + int sizep; /* size of `p' */ + int sizelocvars; + int linedefined; + int lastlinedefined; + GCObject *gclist; + lu_byte nups; /* number of upvalues */ + lu_byte numparams; + lu_byte is_vararg; + lu_byte maxstacksize; +} Proto; + + +/* masks for new-style vararg */ +#define VARARG_HASARG 1 +#define VARARG_ISVARARG 2 +#define VARARG_NEEDSARG 4 + + +typedef struct LocVar { + TString *varname; + int startpc; /* first point where variable is active */ + int endpc; /* first point where variable is dead */ +} LocVar; + + + +/* +** Upvalues +*/ + +typedef struct UpVal { + CommonHeader; + TValue *v; /* points to stack or to its own value */ + union { + TValue value; /* the value (when closed) */ + struct { /* double linked list (when open) */ + struct UpVal *prev; + struct UpVal *next; + } l; + } u; +} UpVal; + + +/* +** Closures +*/ + +#define ClosureHeader \ + CommonHeader; lu_byte isC; lu_byte nupvalues; GCObject *gclist; \ + struct Table *env + +typedef struct CClosure { + ClosureHeader; + lua_CFunction f; + TValue upvalue[1]; +} CClosure; + + +typedef struct LClosure { + ClosureHeader; + struct Proto *p; + UpVal *upvals[1]; +} LClosure; + + +typedef union Closure { + CClosure c; + LClosure l; +} Closure; + + +#define iscfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION && clvalue(o)->c.isC) +#define isLfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION && !clvalue(o)->c.isC) + + +/* +** Tables +*/ + +typedef union TKey { + struct { + TValuefields; + struct Node *next; /* for chaining */ + } nk; + TValue tvk; +} TKey; + + +typedef struct Node { + TValue i_val; + TKey i_key; +} Node; + + +typedef struct Table { + CommonHeader; + lu_byte flags; /* 1<<p means tagmethod(p) is not present */ + lu_byte lsizenode; /* log2 of size of `node' array */ + struct Table *metatable; + TValue *array; /* array part */ + Node *node; + Node *lastfree; /* any free position is before this position */ + GCObject *gclist; + int sizearray; /* size of `array' array */ +} Table; + + + +/* +** `module' operation for hashing (size is always a power of 2) +*/ +#define lmod(s,size) \ + (check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast(int, (s) & ((size)-1))))) + + +#define twoto(x) (1<<(x)) +#define sizenode(t) (twoto((t)->lsizenode)) + + +#define luaO_nilobject (&luaO_nilobject_) + +LUAI_DATA const TValue luaO_nilobject_; + +#define ceillog2(x) (luaO_log2((x)-1) + 1) + +LUAI_FUNC int luaO_log2 (unsigned int x); +LUAI_FUNC int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x); +LUAI_FUNC int luaO_fb2int (int x); +LUAI_FUNC int luaO_rawequalObj (const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2); +LUAI_FUNC int luaO_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result); +LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, + va_list argp); +LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...); +LUAI_FUNC void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t len); + + +#endif + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lopcodes.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lopcodes.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4cc7452 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lopcodes.c @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +/* +** $Id: lopcodes.c,v 1.37.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#define lopcodes_c +#define LUA_CORE + + +#include "lopcodes.h" + + +/* ORDER OP */ + +const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1] = { + "MOVE", + "LOADK", + "LOADBOOL", + "LOADNIL", + "GETUPVAL", + "GETGLOBAL", + "GETTABLE", + "SETGLOBAL", + "SETUPVAL", + "SETTABLE", + "NEWTABLE", + "SELF", + "ADD", + "SUB", + "MUL", + "DIV", + "MOD", + "POW", + "UNM", + "NOT", + "LEN", + "CONCAT", + "JMP", + "EQ", + "LT", + "LE", + "TEST", + "TESTSET", + "CALL", + "TAILCALL", + "RETURN", + "FORLOOP", + "FORPREP", + "TFORLOOP", + "SETLIST", + "CLOSE", + "CLOSURE", + "VARARG", + NULL +}; + + +#define opmode(t,a,b,c,m) (((t)<<7) | ((a)<<6) | ((b)<<4) | ((c)<<2) | (m)) + +const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = { +/* T A B C mode opcode */ + opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_MOVE */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_LOADK */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_LOADBOOL */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LOADNIL */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_GETUPVAL */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_GETGLOBAL */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_GETTABLE */ + ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_SETGLOBAL */ + ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_SETUPVAL */ + ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SETTABLE */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_NEWTABLE */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SELF */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_ADD */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SUB */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MUL */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_DIV */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MOD */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_POW */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_UNM */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_NOT */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LEN */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgR, iABC) /* OP_CONCAT */ + ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_JMP */ + ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_EQ */ + ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LT */ + ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LE */ + ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TEST */ + ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TESTSET */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_CALL */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TAILCALL */ + ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_RETURN */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORLOOP */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORPREP */ + ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TFORLOOP */ + ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_SETLIST */ + ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgN, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_CLOSE */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_CLOSURE */ + ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_VARARG */ +}; + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lopcodes.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lopcodes.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..41224d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lopcodes.h @@ -0,0 +1,268 @@ +/* +** $Id: lopcodes.h,v 1.125.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lopcodes_h +#define lopcodes_h + +#include "llimits.h" + + +/*=========================================================================== + We assume that instructions are unsigned numbers. + All instructions have an opcode in the first 6 bits. + Instructions can have the following fields: + `A' : 8 bits + `B' : 9 bits + `C' : 9 bits + `Bx' : 18 bits (`B' and `C' together) + `sBx' : signed Bx + + A signed argument is represented in excess K; that is, the number + value is the unsigned value minus K. K is exactly the maximum value + for that argument (so that -max is represented by 0, and +max is + represented by 2*max), which is half the maximum for the corresponding + unsigned argument. +===========================================================================*/ + + +enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx}; /* basic instruction format */ + + +/* +** size and position of opcode arguments. +*/ +#define SIZE_C 9 +#define SIZE_B 9 +#define SIZE_Bx (SIZE_C + SIZE_B) +#define SIZE_A 8 + +#define SIZE_OP 6 + +#define POS_OP 0 +#define POS_A (POS_OP + SIZE_OP) +#define POS_C (POS_A + SIZE_A) +#define POS_B (POS_C + SIZE_C) +#define POS_Bx POS_C + + +/* +** limits for opcode arguments. +** we use (signed) int to manipulate most arguments, +** so they must fit in LUAI_BITSINT-1 bits (-1 for sign) +*/ +#if SIZE_Bx < LUAI_BITSINT-1 +#define MAXARG_Bx ((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1) +#define MAXARG_sBx (MAXARG_Bx>>1) /* `sBx' is signed */ +#else +#define MAXARG_Bx MAX_INT +#define MAXARG_sBx MAX_INT +#endif + + +#define MAXARG_A ((1<<SIZE_A)-1) +#define MAXARG_B ((1<<SIZE_B)-1) +#define MAXARG_C ((1<<SIZE_C)-1) + + +/* creates a mask with `n' 1 bits at position `p' */ +#define MASK1(n,p) ((~((~(Instruction)0)<<n))<<p) + +/* creates a mask with `n' 0 bits at position `p' */ +#define MASK0(n,p) (~MASK1(n,p)) + +/* +** the following macros help to manipulate instructions +*/ + +#define GET_OPCODE(i) (cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0))) +#define SET_OPCODE(i,o) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \ + ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)))) + +#define GETARG_A(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_A) & MASK1(SIZE_A,0))) +#define SETARG_A(i,u) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_A,POS_A)) | \ + ((cast(Instruction, u)<<POS_A)&MASK1(SIZE_A,POS_A)))) + +#define GETARG_B(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_B) & MASK1(SIZE_B,0))) +#define SETARG_B(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_B,POS_B)) | \ + ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B)&MASK1(SIZE_B,POS_B)))) + +#define GETARG_C(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_C) & MASK1(SIZE_C,0))) +#define SETARG_C(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_C,POS_C)) | \ + ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_C)&MASK1(SIZE_C,POS_C)))) + +#define GETARG_Bx(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_Bx) & MASK1(SIZE_Bx,0))) +#define SETARG_Bx(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_Bx,POS_Bx)) | \ + ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_Bx)&MASK1(SIZE_Bx,POS_Bx)))) + +#define GETARG_sBx(i) (GETARG_Bx(i)-MAXARG_sBx) +#define SETARG_sBx(i,b) SETARG_Bx((i),cast(unsigned int, (b)+MAXARG_sBx)) + + +#define CREATE_ABC(o,a,b,c) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \ + | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \ + | (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \ + | (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C)) + +#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \ + | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \ + | (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx)) + + +/* +** Macros to operate RK indices +*/ + +/* this bit 1 means constant (0 means register) */ +#define BITRK (1 << (SIZE_B - 1)) + +/* test whether value is a constant */ +#define ISK(x) ((x) & BITRK) + +/* gets the index of the constant */ +#define INDEXK(r) ((int)(r) & ~BITRK) + +#define MAXINDEXRK (BITRK - 1) + +/* code a constant index as a RK value */ +#define RKASK(x) ((x) | BITRK) + + +/* +** invalid register that fits in 8 bits +*/ +#define NO_REG MAXARG_A + + +/* +** R(x) - register +** Kst(x) - constant (in constant table) +** RK(x) == if ISK(x) then Kst(INDEXK(x)) else R(x) +*/ + + +/* +** grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums +*/ + +typedef enum { +/*---------------------------------------------------------------------- +name args description +------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ +OP_MOVE,/* A B R(A) := R(B) */ +OP_LOADK,/* A Bx R(A) := Kst(Bx) */ +OP_LOADBOOL,/* A B C R(A) := (Bool)B; if (C) pc++ */ +OP_LOADNIL,/* A B R(A) := ... := R(B) := nil */ +OP_GETUPVAL,/* A B R(A) := UpValue[B] */ + +OP_GETGLOBAL,/* A Bx R(A) := Gbl[Kst(Bx)] */ +OP_GETTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */ + +OP_SETGLOBAL,/* A Bx Gbl[Kst(Bx)] := R(A) */ +OP_SETUPVAL,/* A B UpValue[B] := R(A) */ +OP_SETTABLE,/* A B C R(A)[RK(B)] := RK(C) */ + +OP_NEWTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := {} (size = B,C) */ + +OP_SELF,/* A B C R(A+1) := R(B); R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */ + +OP_ADD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) + RK(C) */ +OP_SUB,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) - RK(C) */ +OP_MUL,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) * RK(C) */ +OP_DIV,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) / RK(C) */ +OP_MOD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) % RK(C) */ +OP_POW,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) ^ RK(C) */ +OP_UNM,/* A B R(A) := -R(B) */ +OP_NOT,/* A B R(A) := not R(B) */ +OP_LEN,/* A B R(A) := length of R(B) */ + +OP_CONCAT,/* A B C R(A) := R(B).. ... ..R(C) */ + +OP_JMP,/* sBx pc+=sBx */ + +OP_EQ,/* A B C if ((RK(B) == RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */ +OP_LT,/* A B C if ((RK(B) < RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */ +OP_LE,/* A B C if ((RK(B) <= RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */ + +OP_TEST,/* A C if not (R(A) <=> C) then pc++ */ +OP_TESTSET,/* A B C if (R(B) <=> C) then R(A) := R(B) else pc++ */ + +OP_CALL,/* A B C R(A), ... ,R(A+C-2) := R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */ +OP_TAILCALL,/* A B C return R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */ +OP_RETURN,/* A B return R(A), ... ,R(A+B-2) (see note) */ + +OP_FORLOOP,/* A sBx R(A)+=R(A+2); + if R(A) <?= R(A+1) then { pc+=sBx; R(A+3)=R(A) }*/ +OP_FORPREP,/* A sBx R(A)-=R(A+2); pc+=sBx */ + +OP_TFORLOOP,/* A C R(A+3), ... ,R(A+2+C) := R(A)(R(A+1), R(A+2)); + if R(A+3) ~= nil then R(A+2)=R(A+3) else pc++ */ +OP_SETLIST,/* A B C R(A)[(C-1)*FPF+i] := R(A+i), 1 <= i <= B */ + +OP_CLOSE,/* A close all variables in the stack up to (>=) R(A)*/ +OP_CLOSURE,/* A Bx R(A) := closure(KPROTO[Bx], R(A), ... ,R(A+n)) */ + +OP_VARARG/* A B R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B-1) = vararg */ +} OpCode; + + +#define NUM_OPCODES (cast(int, OP_VARARG) + 1) + + + +/*=========================================================================== + Notes: + (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top. C is the number of returns - 1, + and can be 0: OP_CALL then sets `top' to last_result+1, so + next open instruction (OP_CALL, OP_RETURN, OP_SETLIST) may use `top'. + + (*) In OP_VARARG, if (B == 0) then use actual number of varargs and + set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0). + + (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to `top' + + (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then B = `top'; + if (C == 0) then next `instruction' is real C + + (*) For comparisons, A specifies what condition the test should accept + (true or false). + + (*) All `skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump +===========================================================================*/ + + +/* +** masks for instruction properties. The format is: +** bits 0-1: op mode +** bits 2-3: C arg mode +** bits 4-5: B arg mode +** bit 6: instruction set register A +** bit 7: operator is a test +*/ + +enum OpArgMask { + OpArgN, /* argument is not used */ + OpArgU, /* argument is used */ + OpArgR, /* argument is a register or a jump offset */ + OpArgK /* argument is a constant or register/constant */ +}; + +LUAI_DATA const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES]; + +#define getOpMode(m) (cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 3)) +#define getBMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 4) & 3)) +#define getCMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 2) & 3)) +#define testAMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6)) +#define testTMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7)) + + +LUAI_DATA const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1]; /* opcode names */ + + +/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */ +#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH 50 + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/loslib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/loslib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da06a57 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/loslib.c @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +/* +** $Id: loslib.c,v 1.19.1.3 2008/01/18 16:38:18 roberto Exp $ +** Standard Operating System library +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <errno.h> +#include <locale.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <time.h> + +#define loslib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + +static int os_pushresult (lua_State *L, int i, const char *filename) { + int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */ + if (i) { + lua_pushboolean(L, 1); + return 1; + } + else { + lua_pushnil(L); + lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(en)); + lua_pushinteger(L, en); + return 3; + } +} + + +static int os_execute (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushinteger(L, system(luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL))); + return 1; +} + + +static int os_remove (lua_State *L) { + const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + return os_pushresult(L, remove(filename) == 0, filename); +} + + +static int os_rename (lua_State *L) { + const char *fromname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + const char *toname = luaL_checkstring(L, 2); + return os_pushresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, fromname); +} + + +static int os_tmpname (lua_State *L) { + char buff[LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE]; + int err; + lua_tmpnam(buff, err); + if (err) + return luaL_error(L, "unable to generate a unique filename"); + lua_pushstring(L, buff); + return 1; +} + + +static int os_getenv (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushstring(L, getenv(luaL_checkstring(L, 1))); /* if NULL push nil */ + return 1; +} + + +static int os_clock (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, ((lua_Number)clock())/(lua_Number)CLOCKS_PER_SEC); + return 1; +} + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Time/Date operations +** { year=%Y, month=%m, day=%d, hour=%H, min=%M, sec=%S, +** wday=%w+1, yday=%j, isdst=? } +** ======================================================= +*/ + +static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) { + lua_pushinteger(L, value); + lua_setfield(L, -2, key); +} + +static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) { + if (value < 0) /* undefined? */ + return; /* does not set field */ + lua_pushboolean(L, value); + lua_setfield(L, -2, key); +} + +static int getboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key) { + int res; + lua_getfield(L, -1, key); + res = lua_isnil(L, -1) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1); + lua_pop(L, 1); + return res; +} + + +static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d) { + int res; + lua_getfield(L, -1, key); + if (lua_isnumber(L, -1)) + res = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1); + else { + if (d < 0) + return luaL_error(L, "field " LUA_QS " missing in date table", key); + res = d; + } + lua_pop(L, 1); + return res; +} + + +static int os_date (lua_State *L) { + const char *s = luaL_optstring(L, 1, "%c"); + time_t t = luaL_opt(L, (time_t)luaL_checknumber, 2, time(NULL)); + struct tm *stm; + if (*s == '!') { /* UTC? */ + stm = gmtime(&t); + s++; /* skip `!' */ + } + else + stm = localtime(&t); + if (stm == NULL) /* invalid date? */ + lua_pushnil(L); + else if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) { + lua_createtable(L, 0, 9); /* 9 = number of fields */ + setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec); + setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min); + setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour); + setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday); + setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon+1); + setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year+1900); + setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday+1); + setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday+1); + setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst); + } + else { + char cc[3]; + luaL_Buffer b; + cc[0] = '%'; cc[2] = '\0'; + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + for (; *s; s++) { + if (*s != '%' || *(s + 1) == '\0') /* no conversion specifier? */ + luaL_addchar(&b, *s); + else { + size_t reslen; + char buff[200]; /* should be big enough for any conversion result */ + cc[1] = *(++s); + reslen = strftime(buff, sizeof(buff), cc, stm); + luaL_addlstring(&b, buff, reslen); + } + } + luaL_pushresult(&b); + } + return 1; +} + + +static int os_time (lua_State *L) { + time_t t; + if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) /* called without args? */ + t = time(NULL); /* get current time */ + else { + struct tm ts; + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + lua_settop(L, 1); /* make sure table is at the top */ + ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0); + ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0); + ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12); + ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1); + ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1) - 1; + ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1) - 1900; + ts.tm_isdst = getboolfield(L, "isdst"); + t = mktime(&ts); + } + if (t == (time_t)(-1)) + lua_pushnil(L); + else + lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)t); + return 1; +} + + +static int os_difftime (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushnumber(L, difftime((time_t)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)), + (time_t)(luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 0)))); + return 1; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +static int os_setlocale (lua_State *L) { + static const int cat[] = {LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY, + LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME}; + static const char *const catnames[] = {"all", "collate", "ctype", "monetary", + "numeric", "time", NULL}; + const char *l = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL); + int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "all", catnames); + lua_pushstring(L, setlocale(cat[op], l)); + return 1; +} + + +static int os_exit (lua_State *L) { + exit(luaL_optint(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS)); +} + +static const luaL_Reg syslib[] = { + {"clock", os_clock}, + {"date", os_date}, + {"difftime", os_difftime}, + {"execute", os_execute}, + {"exit", os_exit}, + {"getenv", os_getenv}, + {"remove", os_remove}, + {"rename", os_rename}, + {"setlocale", os_setlocale}, + {"time", os_time}, + {"tmpname", os_tmpname}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + +/* }====================================================== */ + + + +LUALIB_API int luaopen_os (lua_State *L) { + luaL_register(L, LUA_OSLIBNAME, syslib); + return 1; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lparser.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lparser.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dda7488 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lparser.c @@ -0,0 +1,1339 @@ +/* +** $Id: lparser.c,v 2.42.1.4 2011/10/21 19:31:42 roberto Exp $ +** Lua Parser +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <string.h> + +#define lparser_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lcode.h" +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "llex.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lopcodes.h" +#include "lparser.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" + + + +#define hasmultret(k) ((k) == VCALL || (k) == VVARARG) + +#define getlocvar(fs, i) ((fs)->f->locvars[(fs)->actvar[i]]) + +#define luaY_checklimit(fs,v,l,m) if ((v)>(l)) errorlimit(fs,l,m) + + +/* +** nodes for block list (list of active blocks) +*/ +typedef struct BlockCnt { + struct BlockCnt *previous; /* chain */ + int breaklist; /* list of jumps out of this loop */ + lu_byte nactvar; /* # active locals outside the breakable structure */ + lu_byte upval; /* true if some variable in the block is an upvalue */ + lu_byte isbreakable; /* true if `block' is a loop */ +} BlockCnt; + + + +/* +** prototypes for recursive non-terminal functions +*/ +static void chunk (LexState *ls); +static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v); + + +static void anchor_token (LexState *ls) { + if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME || ls->t.token == TK_STRING) { + TString *ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts; + luaX_newstring(ls, getstr(ts), ts->tsv.len); + } +} + + +static void error_expected (LexState *ls, int token) { + luaX_syntaxerror(ls, + luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS " expected", luaX_token2str(ls, token))); +} + + +static void errorlimit (FuncState *fs, int limit, const char *what) { + const char *msg = (fs->f->linedefined == 0) ? + luaO_pushfstring(fs->L, "main function has more than %d %s", limit, what) : + luaO_pushfstring(fs->L, "function at line %d has more than %d %s", + fs->f->linedefined, limit, what); + luaX_lexerror(fs->ls, msg, 0); +} + + +static int testnext (LexState *ls, int c) { + if (ls->t.token == c) { + luaX_next(ls); + return 1; + } + else return 0; +} + + +static void check (LexState *ls, int c) { + if (ls->t.token != c) + error_expected(ls, c); +} + +static void checknext (LexState *ls, int c) { + check(ls, c); + luaX_next(ls); +} + + +#define check_condition(ls,c,msg) { if (!(c)) luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg); } + + + +static void check_match (LexState *ls, int what, int who, int where) { + if (!testnext(ls, what)) { + if (where == ls->linenumber) + error_expected(ls, what); + else { + luaX_syntaxerror(ls, luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, + LUA_QS " expected (to close " LUA_QS " at line %d)", + luaX_token2str(ls, what), luaX_token2str(ls, who), where)); + } + } +} + + +static TString *str_checkname (LexState *ls) { + TString *ts; + check(ls, TK_NAME); + ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts; + luaX_next(ls); + return ts; +} + + +static void init_exp (expdesc *e, expkind k, int i) { + e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP; + e->k = k; + e->u.s.info = i; +} + + +static void codestring (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, TString *s) { + init_exp(e, VK, luaK_stringK(ls->fs, s)); +} + + +static void checkname(LexState *ls, expdesc *e) { + codestring(ls, e, str_checkname(ls)); +} + + +static int registerlocalvar (LexState *ls, TString *varname) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + Proto *f = fs->f; + int oldsize = f->sizelocvars; + luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->locvars, fs->nlocvars, f->sizelocvars, + LocVar, SHRT_MAX, "too many local variables"); + while (oldsize < f->sizelocvars) f->locvars[oldsize++].varname = NULL; + f->locvars[fs->nlocvars].varname = varname; + luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, varname); + return fs->nlocvars++; +} + + +#define new_localvarliteral(ls,v,n) \ + new_localvar(ls, luaX_newstring(ls, "" v, (sizeof(v)/sizeof(char))-1), n) + + +static void new_localvar (LexState *ls, TString *name, int n) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + luaY_checklimit(fs, fs->nactvar+n+1, LUAI_MAXVARS, "local variables"); + fs->actvar[fs->nactvar+n] = cast(unsigned short, registerlocalvar(ls, name)); +} + + +static void adjustlocalvars (LexState *ls, int nvars) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + fs->nactvar = cast_byte(fs->nactvar + nvars); + for (; nvars; nvars--) { + getlocvar(fs, fs->nactvar - nvars).startpc = fs->pc; + } +} + + +static void removevars (LexState *ls, int tolevel) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + while (fs->nactvar > tolevel) + getlocvar(fs, --fs->nactvar).endpc = fs->pc; +} + + +static int indexupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name, expdesc *v) { + int i; + Proto *f = fs->f; + int oldsize = f->sizeupvalues; + for (i=0; i<f->nups; i++) { + if (fs->upvalues[i].k == v->k && fs->upvalues[i].info == v->u.s.info) { + lua_assert(f->upvalues[i] == name); + return i; + } + } + /* new one */ + luaY_checklimit(fs, f->nups + 1, LUAI_MAXUPVALUES, "upvalues"); + luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->upvalues, f->nups, f->sizeupvalues, + TString *, MAX_INT, ""); + while (oldsize < f->sizeupvalues) f->upvalues[oldsize++] = NULL; + f->upvalues[f->nups] = name; + luaC_objbarrier(fs->L, f, name); + lua_assert(v->k == VLOCAL || v->k == VUPVAL); + fs->upvalues[f->nups].k = cast_byte(v->k); + fs->upvalues[f->nups].info = cast_byte(v->u.s.info); + return f->nups++; +} + + +static int searchvar (FuncState *fs, TString *n) { + int i; + for (i=fs->nactvar-1; i >= 0; i--) { + if (n == getlocvar(fs, i).varname) + return i; + } + return -1; /* not found */ +} + + +static void markupval (FuncState *fs, int level) { + BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl; + while (bl && bl->nactvar > level) bl = bl->previous; + if (bl) bl->upval = 1; +} + + +static int singlevaraux (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var, int base) { + if (fs == NULL) { /* no more levels? */ + init_exp(var, VGLOBAL, NO_REG); /* default is global variable */ + return VGLOBAL; + } + else { + int v = searchvar(fs, n); /* look up at current level */ + if (v >= 0) { + init_exp(var, VLOCAL, v); + if (!base) + markupval(fs, v); /* local will be used as an upval */ + return VLOCAL; + } + else { /* not found at current level; try upper one */ + if (singlevaraux(fs->prev, n, var, 0) == VGLOBAL) + return VGLOBAL; + var->u.s.info = indexupvalue(fs, n, var); /* else was LOCAL or UPVAL */ + var->k = VUPVAL; /* upvalue in this level */ + return VUPVAL; + } + } +} + + +static void singlevar (LexState *ls, expdesc *var) { + TString *varname = str_checkname(ls); + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + if (singlevaraux(fs, varname, var, 1) == VGLOBAL) + var->u.s.info = luaK_stringK(fs, varname); /* info points to global name */ +} + + +static void adjust_assign (LexState *ls, int nvars, int nexps, expdesc *e) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int extra = nvars - nexps; + if (hasmultret(e->k)) { + extra++; /* includes call itself */ + if (extra < 0) extra = 0; + luaK_setreturns(fs, e, extra); /* last exp. provides the difference */ + if (extra > 1) luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra-1); + } + else { + if (e->k != VVOID) luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* close last expression */ + if (extra > 0) { + int reg = fs->freereg; + luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra); + luaK_nil(fs, reg, extra); + } + } +} + + +static void enterlevel (LexState *ls) { + if (++ls->L->nCcalls > LUAI_MAXCCALLS) + luaX_lexerror(ls, "chunk has too many syntax levels", 0); +} + + +#define leavelevel(ls) ((ls)->L->nCcalls--) + + +static void enterblock (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl, lu_byte isbreakable) { + bl->breaklist = NO_JUMP; + bl->isbreakable = isbreakable; + bl->nactvar = fs->nactvar; + bl->upval = 0; + bl->previous = fs->bl; + fs->bl = bl; + lua_assert(fs->freereg == fs->nactvar); +} + + +static void leaveblock (FuncState *fs) { + BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl; + fs->bl = bl->previous; + removevars(fs->ls, bl->nactvar); + if (bl->upval) + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, bl->nactvar, 0, 0); + /* a block either controls scope or breaks (never both) */ + lua_assert(!bl->isbreakable || !bl->upval); + lua_assert(bl->nactvar == fs->nactvar); + fs->freereg = fs->nactvar; /* free registers */ + luaK_patchtohere(fs, bl->breaklist); +} + + +static void pushclosure (LexState *ls, FuncState *func, expdesc *v) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + Proto *f = fs->f; + int oldsize = f->sizep; + int i; + luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->p, fs->np, f->sizep, Proto *, + MAXARG_Bx, "constant table overflow"); + while (oldsize < f->sizep) f->p[oldsize++] = NULL; + f->p[fs->np++] = func->f; + luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, func->f); + init_exp(v, VRELOCABLE, luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_CLOSURE, 0, fs->np-1)); + for (i=0; i<func->f->nups; i++) { + OpCode o = (func->upvalues[i].k == VLOCAL) ? OP_MOVE : OP_GETUPVAL; + luaK_codeABC(fs, o, 0, func->upvalues[i].info, 0); + } +} + + +static void open_func (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs) { + lua_State *L = ls->L; + Proto *f = luaF_newproto(L); + fs->f = f; + fs->prev = ls->fs; /* linked list of funcstates */ + fs->ls = ls; + fs->L = L; + ls->fs = fs; + fs->pc = 0; + fs->lasttarget = -1; + fs->jpc = NO_JUMP; + fs->freereg = 0; + fs->nk = 0; + fs->np = 0; + fs->nlocvars = 0; + fs->nactvar = 0; + fs->bl = NULL; + f->source = ls->source; + f->maxstacksize = 2; /* registers 0/1 are always valid */ + fs->h = luaH_new(L, 0, 0); + /* anchor table of constants and prototype (to avoid being collected) */ + sethvalue2s(L, L->top, fs->h); + incr_top(L); + setptvalue2s(L, L->top, f); + incr_top(L); +} + + +static void close_func (LexState *ls) { + lua_State *L = ls->L; + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + Proto *f = fs->f; + removevars(ls, 0); + luaK_ret(fs, 0, 0); /* final return */ + luaM_reallocvector(L, f->code, f->sizecode, fs->pc, Instruction); + f->sizecode = fs->pc; + luaM_reallocvector(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, fs->pc, int); + f->sizelineinfo = fs->pc; + luaM_reallocvector(L, f->k, f->sizek, fs->nk, TValue); + f->sizek = fs->nk; + luaM_reallocvector(L, f->p, f->sizep, fs->np, Proto *); + f->sizep = fs->np; + luaM_reallocvector(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, fs->nlocvars, LocVar); + f->sizelocvars = fs->nlocvars; + luaM_reallocvector(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, f->nups, TString *); + f->sizeupvalues = f->nups; + lua_assert(luaG_checkcode(f)); + lua_assert(fs->bl == NULL); + ls->fs = fs->prev; + /* last token read was anchored in defunct function; must reanchor it */ + if (fs) anchor_token(ls); + L->top -= 2; /* remove table and prototype from the stack */ +} + + +Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff, const char *name) { + struct LexState lexstate; + struct FuncState funcstate; + lexstate.buff = buff; + luaX_setinput(L, &lexstate, z, luaS_new(L, name)); + open_func(&lexstate, &funcstate); + funcstate.f->is_vararg = VARARG_ISVARARG; /* main func. is always vararg */ + luaX_next(&lexstate); /* read first token */ + chunk(&lexstate); + check(&lexstate, TK_EOS); + close_func(&lexstate); + lua_assert(funcstate.prev == NULL); + lua_assert(funcstate.f->nups == 0); + lua_assert(lexstate.fs == NULL); + return funcstate.f; +} + + + +/*============================================================*/ +/* GRAMMAR RULES */ +/*============================================================*/ + + +static void field (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) { + /* field -> ['.' | ':'] NAME */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + expdesc key; + luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v); + luaX_next(ls); /* skip the dot or colon */ + checkname(ls, &key); + luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key); +} + + +static void yindex (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) { + /* index -> '[' expr ']' */ + luaX_next(ls); /* skip the '[' */ + expr(ls, v); + luaK_exp2val(ls->fs, v); + checknext(ls, ']'); +} + + +/* +** {====================================================================== +** Rules for Constructors +** ======================================================================= +*/ + + +struct ConsControl { + expdesc v; /* last list item read */ + expdesc *t; /* table descriptor */ + int nh; /* total number of `record' elements */ + int na; /* total number of array elements */ + int tostore; /* number of array elements pending to be stored */ +}; + + +static void recfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) { + /* recfield -> (NAME | `['exp1`]') = exp1 */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int reg = ls->fs->freereg; + expdesc key, val; + int rkkey; + if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME) { + luaY_checklimit(fs, cc->nh, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor"); + checkname(ls, &key); + } + else /* ls->t.token == '[' */ + yindex(ls, &key); + cc->nh++; + checknext(ls, '='); + rkkey = luaK_exp2RK(fs, &key); + expr(ls, &val); + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETTABLE, cc->t->u.s.info, rkkey, luaK_exp2RK(fs, &val)); + fs->freereg = reg; /* free registers */ +} + + +static void closelistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) { + if (cc->v.k == VVOID) return; /* there is no list item */ + luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v); + cc->v.k = VVOID; + if (cc->tostore == LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) { + luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, cc->tostore); /* flush */ + cc->tostore = 0; /* no more items pending */ + } +} + + +static void lastlistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) { + if (cc->tostore == 0) return; + if (hasmultret(cc->v.k)) { + luaK_setmultret(fs, &cc->v); + luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, LUA_MULTRET); + cc->na--; /* do not count last expression (unknown number of elements) */ + } + else { + if (cc->v.k != VVOID) + luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v); + luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, cc->tostore); + } +} + + +static void listfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) { + expr(ls, &cc->v); + luaY_checklimit(ls->fs, cc->na, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor"); + cc->na++; + cc->tostore++; +} + + +static void constructor (LexState *ls, expdesc *t) { + /* constructor -> ?? */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int line = ls->linenumber; + int pc = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NEWTABLE, 0, 0, 0); + struct ConsControl cc; + cc.na = cc.nh = cc.tostore = 0; + cc.t = t; + init_exp(t, VRELOCABLE, pc); + init_exp(&cc.v, VVOID, 0); /* no value (yet) */ + luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, t); /* fix it at stack top (for gc) */ + checknext(ls, '{'); + do { + lua_assert(cc.v.k == VVOID || cc.tostore > 0); + if (ls->t.token == '}') break; + closelistfield(fs, &cc); + switch(ls->t.token) { + case TK_NAME: { /* may be listfields or recfields */ + luaX_lookahead(ls); + if (ls->lookahead.token != '=') /* expression? */ + listfield(ls, &cc); + else + recfield(ls, &cc); + break; + } + case '[': { /* constructor_item -> recfield */ + recfield(ls, &cc); + break; + } + default: { /* constructor_part -> listfield */ + listfield(ls, &cc); + break; + } + } + } while (testnext(ls, ',') || testnext(ls, ';')); + check_match(ls, '}', '{', line); + lastlistfield(fs, &cc); + SETARG_B(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.na)); /* set initial array size */ + SETARG_C(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.nh)); /* set initial table size */ +} + +/* }====================================================================== */ + + + +static void parlist (LexState *ls) { + /* parlist -> [ param { `,' param } ] */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + Proto *f = fs->f; + int nparams = 0; + f->is_vararg = 0; + if (ls->t.token != ')') { /* is `parlist' not empty? */ + do { + switch (ls->t.token) { + case TK_NAME: { /* param -> NAME */ + new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nparams++); + break; + } + case TK_DOTS: { /* param -> `...' */ + luaX_next(ls); +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_VARARG) + /* use `arg' as default name */ + new_localvarliteral(ls, "arg", nparams++); + f->is_vararg = VARARG_HASARG | VARARG_NEEDSARG; +#endif + f->is_vararg |= VARARG_ISVARARG; + break; + } + default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "<name> or " LUA_QL("...") " expected"); + } + } while (!f->is_vararg && testnext(ls, ',')); + } + adjustlocalvars(ls, nparams); + f->numparams = cast_byte(fs->nactvar - (f->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG)); + luaK_reserveregs(fs, fs->nactvar); /* reserve register for parameters */ +} + + +static void body (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, int needself, int line) { + /* body -> `(' parlist `)' chunk END */ + FuncState new_fs; + open_func(ls, &new_fs); + new_fs.f->linedefined = line; + checknext(ls, '('); + if (needself) { + new_localvarliteral(ls, "self", 0); + adjustlocalvars(ls, 1); + } + parlist(ls); + checknext(ls, ')'); + chunk(ls); + new_fs.f->lastlinedefined = ls->linenumber; + check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FUNCTION, line); + close_func(ls); + pushclosure(ls, &new_fs, e); +} + + +static int explist1 (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) { + /* explist1 -> expr { `,' expr } */ + int n = 1; /* at least one expression */ + expr(ls, v); + while (testnext(ls, ',')) { + luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, v); + expr(ls, v); + n++; + } + return n; +} + + +static void funcargs (LexState *ls, expdesc *f) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + expdesc args; + int base, nparams; + int line = ls->linenumber; + switch (ls->t.token) { + case '(': { /* funcargs -> `(' [ explist1 ] `)' */ + if (line != ls->lastline) + luaX_syntaxerror(ls,"ambiguous syntax (function call x new statement)"); + luaX_next(ls); + if (ls->t.token == ')') /* arg list is empty? */ + args.k = VVOID; + else { + explist1(ls, &args); + luaK_setmultret(fs, &args); + } + check_match(ls, ')', '(', line); + break; + } + case '{': { /* funcargs -> constructor */ + constructor(ls, &args); + break; + } + case TK_STRING: { /* funcargs -> STRING */ + codestring(ls, &args, ls->t.seminfo.ts); + luaX_next(ls); /* must use `seminfo' before `next' */ + break; + } + default: { + luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "function arguments expected"); + return; + } + } + lua_assert(f->k == VNONRELOC); + base = f->u.s.info; /* base register for call */ + if (hasmultret(args.k)) + nparams = LUA_MULTRET; /* open call */ + else { + if (args.k != VVOID) + luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &args); /* close last argument */ + nparams = fs->freereg - (base+1); + } + init_exp(f, VCALL, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CALL, base, nparams+1, 2)); + luaK_fixline(fs, line); + fs->freereg = base+1; /* call remove function and arguments and leaves + (unless changed) one result */ +} + + + + +/* +** {====================================================================== +** Expression parsing +** ======================================================================= +*/ + + +static void prefixexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) { + /* prefixexp -> NAME | '(' expr ')' */ + switch (ls->t.token) { + case '(': { + int line = ls->linenumber; + luaX_next(ls); + expr(ls, v); + check_match(ls, ')', '(', line); + luaK_dischargevars(ls->fs, v); + return; + } + case TK_NAME: { + singlevar(ls, v); + return; + } + default: { + luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "unexpected symbol"); + return; + } + } +} + + +static void primaryexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) { + /* primaryexp -> + prefixexp { `.' NAME | `[' exp `]' | `:' NAME funcargs | funcargs } */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + prefixexp(ls, v); + for (;;) { + switch (ls->t.token) { + case '.': { /* field */ + field(ls, v); + break; + } + case '[': { /* `[' exp1 `]' */ + expdesc key; + luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v); + yindex(ls, &key); + luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key); + break; + } + case ':': { /* `:' NAME funcargs */ + expdesc key; + luaX_next(ls); + checkname(ls, &key); + luaK_self(fs, v, &key); + funcargs(ls, v); + break; + } + case '(': case TK_STRING: case '{': { /* funcargs */ + luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v); + funcargs(ls, v); + break; + } + default: return; + } + } +} + + +static void simpleexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) { + /* simpleexp -> NUMBER | STRING | NIL | true | false | ... | + constructor | FUNCTION body | primaryexp */ + switch (ls->t.token) { + case TK_NUMBER: { + init_exp(v, VKNUM, 0); + v->u.nval = ls->t.seminfo.r; + break; + } + case TK_STRING: { + codestring(ls, v, ls->t.seminfo.ts); + break; + } + case TK_NIL: { + init_exp(v, VNIL, 0); + break; + } + case TK_TRUE: { + init_exp(v, VTRUE, 0); + break; + } + case TK_FALSE: { + init_exp(v, VFALSE, 0); + break; + } + case TK_DOTS: { /* vararg */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + check_condition(ls, fs->f->is_vararg, + "cannot use " LUA_QL("...") " outside a vararg function"); + fs->f->is_vararg &= ~VARARG_NEEDSARG; /* don't need 'arg' */ + init_exp(v, VVARARG, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARG, 0, 1, 0)); + break; + } + case '{': { /* constructor */ + constructor(ls, v); + return; + } + case TK_FUNCTION: { + luaX_next(ls); + body(ls, v, 0, ls->linenumber); + return; + } + default: { + primaryexp(ls, v); + return; + } + } + luaX_next(ls); +} + + +static UnOpr getunopr (int op) { + switch (op) { + case TK_NOT: return OPR_NOT; + case '-': return OPR_MINUS; + case '#': return OPR_LEN; + default: return OPR_NOUNOPR; + } +} + + +static BinOpr getbinopr (int op) { + switch (op) { + case '+': return OPR_ADD; + case '-': return OPR_SUB; + case '*': return OPR_MUL; + case '/': return OPR_DIV; + case '%': return OPR_MOD; + case '^': return OPR_POW; + case TK_CONCAT: return OPR_CONCAT; + case TK_NE: return OPR_NE; + case TK_EQ: return OPR_EQ; + case '<': return OPR_LT; + case TK_LE: return OPR_LE; + case '>': return OPR_GT; + case TK_GE: return OPR_GE; + case TK_AND: return OPR_AND; + case TK_OR: return OPR_OR; + default: return OPR_NOBINOPR; + } +} + + +static const struct { + lu_byte left; /* left priority for each binary operator */ + lu_byte right; /* right priority */ +} priority[] = { /* ORDER OPR */ + {6, 6}, {6, 6}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, /* `+' `-' `/' `%' */ + {10, 9}, {5, 4}, /* power and concat (right associative) */ + {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* equality and inequality */ + {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* order */ + {2, 2}, {1, 1} /* logical (and/or) */ +}; + +#define UNARY_PRIORITY 8 /* priority for unary operators */ + + +/* +** subexpr -> (simpleexp | unop subexpr) { binop subexpr } +** where `binop' is any binary operator with a priority higher than `limit' +*/ +static BinOpr subexpr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v, unsigned int limit) { + BinOpr op; + UnOpr uop; + enterlevel(ls); + uop = getunopr(ls->t.token); + if (uop != OPR_NOUNOPR) { + luaX_next(ls); + subexpr(ls, v, UNARY_PRIORITY); + luaK_prefix(ls->fs, uop, v); + } + else simpleexp(ls, v); + /* expand while operators have priorities higher than `limit' */ + op = getbinopr(ls->t.token); + while (op != OPR_NOBINOPR && priority[op].left > limit) { + expdesc v2; + BinOpr nextop; + luaX_next(ls); + luaK_infix(ls->fs, op, v); + /* read sub-expression with higher priority */ + nextop = subexpr(ls, &v2, priority[op].right); + luaK_posfix(ls->fs, op, v, &v2); + op = nextop; + } + leavelevel(ls); + return op; /* return first untreated operator */ +} + + +static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) { + subexpr(ls, v, 0); +} + +/* }==================================================================== */ + + + +/* +** {====================================================================== +** Rules for Statements +** ======================================================================= +*/ + + +static int block_follow (int token) { + switch (token) { + case TK_ELSE: case TK_ELSEIF: case TK_END: + case TK_UNTIL: case TK_EOS: + return 1; + default: return 0; + } +} + + +static void block (LexState *ls) { + /* block -> chunk */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + BlockCnt bl; + enterblock(fs, &bl, 0); + chunk(ls); + lua_assert(bl.breaklist == NO_JUMP); + leaveblock(fs); +} + + +/* +** structure to chain all variables in the left-hand side of an +** assignment +*/ +struct LHS_assign { + struct LHS_assign *prev; + expdesc v; /* variable (global, local, upvalue, or indexed) */ +}; + + +/* +** check whether, in an assignment to a local variable, the local variable +** is needed in a previous assignment (to a table). If so, save original +** local value in a safe place and use this safe copy in the previous +** assignment. +*/ +static void check_conflict (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, expdesc *v) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int extra = fs->freereg; /* eventual position to save local variable */ + int conflict = 0; + for (; lh; lh = lh->prev) { + if (lh->v.k == VINDEXED) { + if (lh->v.u.s.info == v->u.s.info) { /* conflict? */ + conflict = 1; + lh->v.u.s.info = extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */ + } + if (lh->v.u.s.aux == v->u.s.info) { /* conflict? */ + conflict = 1; + lh->v.u.s.aux = extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */ + } + } + } + if (conflict) { + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, fs->freereg, v->u.s.info, 0); /* make copy */ + luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1); + } +} + + +static void assignment (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, int nvars) { + expdesc e; + check_condition(ls, VLOCAL <= lh->v.k && lh->v.k <= VINDEXED, + "syntax error"); + if (testnext(ls, ',')) { /* assignment -> `,' primaryexp assignment */ + struct LHS_assign nv; + nv.prev = lh; + primaryexp(ls, &nv.v); + if (nv.v.k == VLOCAL) + check_conflict(ls, lh, &nv.v); + luaY_checklimit(ls->fs, nvars, LUAI_MAXCCALLS - ls->L->nCcalls, + "variables in assignment"); + assignment(ls, &nv, nvars+1); + } + else { /* assignment -> `=' explist1 */ + int nexps; + checknext(ls, '='); + nexps = explist1(ls, &e); + if (nexps != nvars) { + adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e); + if (nexps > nvars) + ls->fs->freereg -= nexps - nvars; /* remove extra values */ + } + else { + luaK_setoneret(ls->fs, &e); /* close last expression */ + luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e); + return; /* avoid default */ + } + } + init_exp(&e, VNONRELOC, ls->fs->freereg-1); /* default assignment */ + luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e); +} + + +static int cond (LexState *ls) { + /* cond -> exp */ + expdesc v; + expr(ls, &v); /* read condition */ + if (v.k == VNIL) v.k = VFALSE; /* `falses' are all equal here */ + luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v); + return v.f; +} + + +static void breakstat (LexState *ls) { + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl; + int upval = 0; + while (bl && !bl->isbreakable) { + upval |= bl->upval; + bl = bl->previous; + } + if (!bl) + luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "no loop to break"); + if (upval) + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, bl->nactvar, 0, 0); + luaK_concat(fs, &bl->breaklist, luaK_jump(fs)); +} + + +static void whilestat (LexState *ls, int line) { + /* whilestat -> WHILE cond DO block END */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int whileinit; + int condexit; + BlockCnt bl; + luaX_next(ls); /* skip WHILE */ + whileinit = luaK_getlabel(fs); + condexit = cond(ls); + enterblock(fs, &bl, 1); + checknext(ls, TK_DO); + block(ls); + luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), whileinit); + check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_WHILE, line); + leaveblock(fs); + luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit); /* false conditions finish the loop */ +} + + +static void repeatstat (LexState *ls, int line) { + /* repeatstat -> REPEAT block UNTIL cond */ + int condexit; + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int repeat_init = luaK_getlabel(fs); + BlockCnt bl1, bl2; + enterblock(fs, &bl1, 1); /* loop block */ + enterblock(fs, &bl2, 0); /* scope block */ + luaX_next(ls); /* skip REPEAT */ + chunk(ls); + check_match(ls, TK_UNTIL, TK_REPEAT, line); + condexit = cond(ls); /* read condition (inside scope block) */ + if (!bl2.upval) { /* no upvalues? */ + leaveblock(fs); /* finish scope */ + luaK_patchlist(ls->fs, condexit, repeat_init); /* close the loop */ + } + else { /* complete semantics when there are upvalues */ + breakstat(ls); /* if condition then break */ + luaK_patchtohere(ls->fs, condexit); /* else... */ + leaveblock(fs); /* finish scope... */ + luaK_patchlist(ls->fs, luaK_jump(fs), repeat_init); /* and repeat */ + } + leaveblock(fs); /* finish loop */ +} + + +static int exp1 (LexState *ls) { + expdesc e; + int k; + expr(ls, &e); + k = e.k; + luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, &e); + return k; +} + + +static void forbody (LexState *ls, int base, int line, int nvars, int isnum) { + /* forbody -> DO block */ + BlockCnt bl; + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int prep, endfor; + adjustlocalvars(ls, 3); /* control variables */ + checknext(ls, TK_DO); + prep = isnum ? luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORPREP, base, NO_JUMP) : luaK_jump(fs); + enterblock(fs, &bl, 0); /* scope for declared variables */ + adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars); + luaK_reserveregs(fs, nvars); + block(ls); + leaveblock(fs); /* end of scope for declared variables */ + luaK_patchtohere(fs, prep); + endfor = (isnum) ? luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORLOOP, base, NO_JUMP) : + luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TFORLOOP, base, 0, nvars); + luaK_fixline(fs, line); /* pretend that `OP_FOR' starts the loop */ + luaK_patchlist(fs, (isnum ? endfor : luaK_jump(fs)), prep + 1); +} + + +static void fornum (LexState *ls, TString *varname, int line) { + /* fornum -> NAME = exp1,exp1[,exp1] forbody */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int base = fs->freereg; + new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for index)", 0); + new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for limit)", 1); + new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for step)", 2); + new_localvar(ls, varname, 3); + checknext(ls, '='); + exp1(ls); /* initial value */ + checknext(ls, ','); + exp1(ls); /* limit */ + if (testnext(ls, ',')) + exp1(ls); /* optional step */ + else { /* default step = 1 */ + luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, fs->freereg, luaK_numberK(fs, 1)); + luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1); + } + forbody(ls, base, line, 1, 1); +} + + +static void forlist (LexState *ls, TString *indexname) { + /* forlist -> NAME {,NAME} IN explist1 forbody */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + expdesc e; + int nvars = 0; + int line; + int base = fs->freereg; + /* create control variables */ + new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for generator)", nvars++); + new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)", nvars++); + new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for control)", nvars++); + /* create declared variables */ + new_localvar(ls, indexname, nvars++); + while (testnext(ls, ',')) + new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nvars++); + checknext(ls, TK_IN); + line = ls->linenumber; + adjust_assign(ls, 3, explist1(ls, &e), &e); + luaK_checkstack(fs, 3); /* extra space to call generator */ + forbody(ls, base, line, nvars - 3, 0); +} + + +static void forstat (LexState *ls, int line) { + /* forstat -> FOR (fornum | forlist) END */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + TString *varname; + BlockCnt bl; + enterblock(fs, &bl, 1); /* scope for loop and control variables */ + luaX_next(ls); /* skip `for' */ + varname = str_checkname(ls); /* first variable name */ + switch (ls->t.token) { + case '=': fornum(ls, varname, line); break; + case ',': case TK_IN: forlist(ls, varname); break; + default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, LUA_QL("=") " or " LUA_QL("in") " expected"); + } + check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FOR, line); + leaveblock(fs); /* loop scope (`break' jumps to this point) */ +} + + +static int test_then_block (LexState *ls) { + /* test_then_block -> [IF | ELSEIF] cond THEN block */ + int condexit; + luaX_next(ls); /* skip IF or ELSEIF */ + condexit = cond(ls); + checknext(ls, TK_THEN); + block(ls); /* `then' part */ + return condexit; +} + + +static void ifstat (LexState *ls, int line) { + /* ifstat -> IF cond THEN block {ELSEIF cond THEN block} [ELSE block] END */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + int flist; + int escapelist = NO_JUMP; + flist = test_then_block(ls); /* IF cond THEN block */ + while (ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF) { + luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, luaK_jump(fs)); + luaK_patchtohere(fs, flist); + flist = test_then_block(ls); /* ELSEIF cond THEN block */ + } + if (ls->t.token == TK_ELSE) { + luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, luaK_jump(fs)); + luaK_patchtohere(fs, flist); + luaX_next(ls); /* skip ELSE (after patch, for correct line info) */ + block(ls); /* `else' part */ + } + else + luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, flist); + luaK_patchtohere(fs, escapelist); + check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_IF, line); +} + + +static void localfunc (LexState *ls) { + expdesc v, b; + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), 0); + init_exp(&v, VLOCAL, fs->freereg); + luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1); + adjustlocalvars(ls, 1); + body(ls, &b, 0, ls->linenumber); + luaK_storevar(fs, &v, &b); + /* debug information will only see the variable after this point! */ + getlocvar(fs, fs->nactvar - 1).startpc = fs->pc; +} + + +static void localstat (LexState *ls) { + /* stat -> LOCAL NAME {`,' NAME} [`=' explist1] */ + int nvars = 0; + int nexps; + expdesc e; + do { + new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nvars++); + } while (testnext(ls, ',')); + if (testnext(ls, '=')) + nexps = explist1(ls, &e); + else { + e.k = VVOID; + nexps = 0; + } + adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e); + adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars); +} + + +static int funcname (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) { + /* funcname -> NAME {field} [`:' NAME] */ + int needself = 0; + singlevar(ls, v); + while (ls->t.token == '.') + field(ls, v); + if (ls->t.token == ':') { + needself = 1; + field(ls, v); + } + return needself; +} + + +static void funcstat (LexState *ls, int line) { + /* funcstat -> FUNCTION funcname body */ + int needself; + expdesc v, b; + luaX_next(ls); /* skip FUNCTION */ + needself = funcname(ls, &v); + body(ls, &b, needself, line); + luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &v, &b); + luaK_fixline(ls->fs, line); /* definition `happens' in the first line */ +} + + +static void exprstat (LexState *ls) { + /* stat -> func | assignment */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + struct LHS_assign v; + primaryexp(ls, &v.v); + if (v.v.k == VCALL) /* stat -> func */ + SETARG_C(getcode(fs, &v.v), 1); /* call statement uses no results */ + else { /* stat -> assignment */ + v.prev = NULL; + assignment(ls, &v, 1); + } +} + + +static void retstat (LexState *ls) { + /* stat -> RETURN explist */ + FuncState *fs = ls->fs; + expdesc e; + int first, nret; /* registers with returned values */ + luaX_next(ls); /* skip RETURN */ + if (block_follow(ls->t.token) || ls->t.token == ';') + first = nret = 0; /* return no values */ + else { + nret = explist1(ls, &e); /* optional return values */ + if (hasmultret(e.k)) { + luaK_setmultret(fs, &e); + if (e.k == VCALL && nret == 1) { /* tail call? */ + SET_OPCODE(getcode(fs,&e), OP_TAILCALL); + lua_assert(GETARG_A(getcode(fs,&e)) == fs->nactvar); + } + first = fs->nactvar; + nret = LUA_MULTRET; /* return all values */ + } + else { + if (nret == 1) /* only one single value? */ + first = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, &e); + else { + luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &e); /* values must go to the `stack' */ + first = fs->nactvar; /* return all `active' values */ + lua_assert(nret == fs->freereg - first); + } + } + } + luaK_ret(fs, first, nret); +} + + +static int statement (LexState *ls) { + int line = ls->linenumber; /* may be needed for error messages */ + switch (ls->t.token) { + case TK_IF: { /* stat -> ifstat */ + ifstat(ls, line); + return 0; + } + case TK_WHILE: { /* stat -> whilestat */ + whilestat(ls, line); + return 0; + } + case TK_DO: { /* stat -> DO block END */ + luaX_next(ls); /* skip DO */ + block(ls); + check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_DO, line); + return 0; + } + case TK_FOR: { /* stat -> forstat */ + forstat(ls, line); + return 0; + } + case TK_REPEAT: { /* stat -> repeatstat */ + repeatstat(ls, line); + return 0; + } + case TK_FUNCTION: { + funcstat(ls, line); /* stat -> funcstat */ + return 0; + } + case TK_LOCAL: { /* stat -> localstat */ + luaX_next(ls); /* skip LOCAL */ + if (testnext(ls, TK_FUNCTION)) /* local function? */ + localfunc(ls); + else + localstat(ls); + return 0; + } + case TK_RETURN: { /* stat -> retstat */ + retstat(ls); + return 1; /* must be last statement */ + } + case TK_BREAK: { /* stat -> breakstat */ + luaX_next(ls); /* skip BREAK */ + breakstat(ls); + return 1; /* must be last statement */ + } + default: { + exprstat(ls); + return 0; /* to avoid warnings */ + } + } +} + + +static void chunk (LexState *ls) { + /* chunk -> { stat [`;'] } */ + int islast = 0; + enterlevel(ls); + while (!islast && !block_follow(ls->t.token)) { + islast = statement(ls); + testnext(ls, ';'); + lua_assert(ls->fs->f->maxstacksize >= ls->fs->freereg && + ls->fs->freereg >= ls->fs->nactvar); + ls->fs->freereg = ls->fs->nactvar; /* free registers */ + } + leavelevel(ls); +} + +/* }====================================================================== */ diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lparser.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lparser.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18836af --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lparser.h @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +/* +** $Id: lparser.h,v 1.57.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Lua Parser +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lparser_h +#define lparser_h + +#include "llimits.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lzio.h" + + +/* +** Expression descriptor +*/ + +typedef enum { + VVOID, /* no value */ + VNIL, + VTRUE, + VFALSE, + VK, /* info = index of constant in `k' */ + VKNUM, /* nval = numerical value */ + VLOCAL, /* info = local register */ + VUPVAL, /* info = index of upvalue in `upvalues' */ + VGLOBAL, /* info = index of table; aux = index of global name in `k' */ + VINDEXED, /* info = table register; aux = index register (or `k') */ + VJMP, /* info = instruction pc */ + VRELOCABLE, /* info = instruction pc */ + VNONRELOC, /* info = result register */ + VCALL, /* info = instruction pc */ + VVARARG /* info = instruction pc */ +} expkind; + +typedef struct expdesc { + expkind k; + union { + struct { int info, aux; } s; + lua_Number nval; + } u; + int t; /* patch list of `exit when true' */ + int f; /* patch list of `exit when false' */ +} expdesc; + + +typedef struct upvaldesc { + lu_byte k; + lu_byte info; +} upvaldesc; + + +struct BlockCnt; /* defined in lparser.c */ + + +/* state needed to generate code for a given function */ +typedef struct FuncState { + Proto *f; /* current function header */ + Table *h; /* table to find (and reuse) elements in `k' */ + struct FuncState *prev; /* enclosing function */ + struct LexState *ls; /* lexical state */ + struct lua_State *L; /* copy of the Lua state */ + struct BlockCnt *bl; /* chain of current blocks */ + int pc; /* next position to code (equivalent to `ncode') */ + int lasttarget; /* `pc' of last `jump target' */ + int jpc; /* list of pending jumps to `pc' */ + int freereg; /* first free register */ + int nk; /* number of elements in `k' */ + int np; /* number of elements in `p' */ + short nlocvars; /* number of elements in `locvars' */ + lu_byte nactvar; /* number of active local variables */ + upvaldesc upvalues[LUAI_MAXUPVALUES]; /* upvalues */ + unsigned short actvar[LUAI_MAXVARS]; /* declared-variable stack */ +} FuncState; + + +LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff, + const char *name); + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstate.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstate.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4313b83 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstate.c @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +/* +** $Id: lstate.c,v 2.36.1.2 2008/01/03 15:20:39 roberto Exp $ +** Global State +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stddef.h> + +#define lstate_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lgc.h" +#include "llex.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" +#include "ltm.h" + + +#define state_size(x) (sizeof(x) + LUAI_EXTRASPACE) +#define fromstate(l) (cast(lu_byte *, (l)) - LUAI_EXTRASPACE) +#define tostate(l) (cast(lua_State *, cast(lu_byte *, l) + LUAI_EXTRASPACE)) + + +/* +** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state +*/ +typedef struct LG { + lua_State l; + global_State g; +} LG; + + + +static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) { + /* initialize CallInfo array */ + L1->base_ci = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_CI_SIZE, CallInfo); + L1->ci = L1->base_ci; + L1->size_ci = BASIC_CI_SIZE; + L1->end_ci = L1->base_ci + L1->size_ci - 1; + /* initialize stack array */ + L1->stack = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK, TValue); + L1->stacksize = BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK; + L1->top = L1->stack; + L1->stack_last = L1->stack+(L1->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK)-1; + /* initialize first ci */ + L1->ci->func = L1->top; + setnilvalue(L1->top++); /* `function' entry for this `ci' */ + L1->base = L1->ci->base = L1->top; + L1->ci->top = L1->top + LUA_MINSTACK; +} + + +static void freestack (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) { + luaM_freearray(L, L1->base_ci, L1->size_ci, CallInfo); + luaM_freearray(L, L1->stack, L1->stacksize, TValue); +} + + +/* +** open parts that may cause memory-allocation errors +*/ +static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) { + global_State *g = G(L); + UNUSED(ud); + stack_init(L, L); /* init stack */ + sethvalue(L, gt(L), luaH_new(L, 0, 2)); /* table of globals */ + sethvalue(L, registry(L), luaH_new(L, 0, 2)); /* registry */ + luaS_resize(L, MINSTRTABSIZE); /* initial size of string table */ + luaT_init(L); + luaX_init(L); + luaS_fix(luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG)); + g->GCthreshold = 4*g->totalbytes; +} + + +static void preinit_state (lua_State *L, global_State *g) { + G(L) = g; + L->stack = NULL; + L->stacksize = 0; + L->errorJmp = NULL; + L->hook = NULL; + L->hookmask = 0; + L->basehookcount = 0; + L->allowhook = 1; + resethookcount(L); + L->openupval = NULL; + L->size_ci = 0; + L->nCcalls = L->baseCcalls = 0; + L->status = 0; + L->base_ci = L->ci = NULL; + L->savedpc = NULL; + L->errfunc = 0; + setnilvalue(gt(L)); +} + + +static void close_state (lua_State *L) { + global_State *g = G(L); + luaF_close(L, L->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */ + luaC_freeall(L); /* collect all objects */ + lua_assert(g->rootgc == obj2gco(L)); + lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0); + luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size, TString *); + luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff); + freestack(L, L); + lua_assert(g->totalbytes == sizeof(LG)); + (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), state_size(LG), 0); +} + + +lua_State *luaE_newthread (lua_State *L) { + lua_State *L1 = tostate(luaM_malloc(L, state_size(lua_State))); + luaC_link(L, obj2gco(L1), LUA_TTHREAD); + preinit_state(L1, G(L)); + stack_init(L1, L); /* init stack */ + setobj2n(L, gt(L1), gt(L)); /* share table of globals */ + L1->hookmask = L->hookmask; + L1->basehookcount = L->basehookcount; + L1->hook = L->hook; + resethookcount(L1); + lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(L1))); + return L1; +} + + +void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) { + luaF_close(L1, L1->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */ + lua_assert(L1->openupval == NULL); + luai_userstatefree(L1); + freestack(L, L1); + luaM_freemem(L, fromstate(L1), state_size(lua_State)); +} + + +LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) { + int i; + lua_State *L; + global_State *g; + void *l = (*f)(ud, NULL, 0, state_size(LG)); + if (l == NULL) return NULL; + L = tostate(l); + g = &((LG *)L)->g; + L->next = NULL; + L->tt = LUA_TTHREAD; + g->currentwhite = bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, FIXEDBIT); + L->marked = luaC_white(g); + set2bits(L->marked, FIXEDBIT, SFIXEDBIT); + preinit_state(L, g); + g->frealloc = f; + g->ud = ud; + g->mainthread = L; + g->uvhead.u.l.prev = &g->uvhead; + g->uvhead.u.l.next = &g->uvhead; + g->GCthreshold = 0; /* mark it as unfinished state */ + g->strt.size = 0; + g->strt.nuse = 0; + g->strt.hash = NULL; + setnilvalue(registry(L)); + luaZ_initbuffer(L, &g->buff); + g->panic = NULL; + g->gcstate = GCSpause; + g->rootgc = obj2gco(L); + g->sweepstrgc = 0; + g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc; + g->gray = NULL; + g->grayagain = NULL; + g->weak = NULL; + g->tmudata = NULL; + g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG); + g->gcpause = LUAI_GCPAUSE; + g->gcstepmul = LUAI_GCMUL; + g->gcdept = 0; + for (i=0; i<NUM_TAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL; + if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != 0) { + /* memory allocation error: free partial state */ + close_state(L); + L = NULL; + } + else + luai_userstateopen(L); + return L; +} + + +static void callallgcTM (lua_State *L, void *ud) { + UNUSED(ud); + luaC_callGCTM(L); /* call GC metamethods for all udata */ +} + + +LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) { + L = G(L)->mainthread; /* only the main thread can be closed */ + lua_lock(L); + luaF_close(L, L->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */ + luaC_separateudata(L, 1); /* separate udata that have GC metamethods */ + L->errfunc = 0; /* no error function during GC metamethods */ + do { /* repeat until no more errors */ + L->ci = L->base_ci; + L->base = L->top = L->ci->base; + L->nCcalls = L->baseCcalls = 0; + } while (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, callallgcTM, NULL) != 0); + lua_assert(G(L)->tmudata == NULL); + luai_userstateclose(L); + close_state(L); +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstate.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstate.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bc575b --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstate.h @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +/* +** $Id: lstate.h,v 2.24.1.2 2008/01/03 15:20:39 roberto Exp $ +** Global State +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lstate_h +#define lstate_h + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lobject.h" +#include "ltm.h" +#include "lzio.h" + + + +struct lua_longjmp; /* defined in ldo.c */ + + +/* table of globals */ +#define gt(L) (&L->l_gt) + +/* registry */ +#define registry(L) (&G(L)->l_registry) + + +/* extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras */ +#define EXTRA_STACK 5 + + +#define BASIC_CI_SIZE 8 + +#define BASIC_STACK_SIZE (2*LUA_MINSTACK) + + + +typedef struct stringtable { + GCObject **hash; + lu_int32 nuse; /* number of elements */ + int size; +} stringtable; + + +/* +** informations about a call +*/ +typedef struct CallInfo { + StkId base; /* base for this function */ + StkId func; /* function index in the stack */ + StkId top; /* top for this function */ + const Instruction *savedpc; + int nresults; /* expected number of results from this function */ + int tailcalls; /* number of tail calls lost under this entry */ +} CallInfo; + + + +#define curr_func(L) (clvalue(L->ci->func)) +#define ci_func(ci) (clvalue((ci)->func)) +#define f_isLua(ci) (!ci_func(ci)->c.isC) +#define isLua(ci) (ttisfunction((ci)->func) && f_isLua(ci)) + + +/* +** `global state', shared by all threads of this state +*/ +typedef struct global_State { + stringtable strt; /* hash table for strings */ + lua_Alloc frealloc; /* function to reallocate memory */ + void *ud; /* auxiliary data to `frealloc' */ + lu_byte currentwhite; + lu_byte gcstate; /* state of garbage collector */ + int sweepstrgc; /* position of sweep in `strt' */ + GCObject *rootgc; /* list of all collectable objects */ + GCObject **sweepgc; /* position of sweep in `rootgc' */ + GCObject *gray; /* list of gray objects */ + GCObject *grayagain; /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */ + GCObject *weak; /* list of weak tables (to be cleared) */ + GCObject *tmudata; /* last element of list of userdata to be GC */ + Mbuffer buff; /* temporary buffer for string concatentation */ + lu_mem GCthreshold; + lu_mem totalbytes; /* number of bytes currently allocated */ + lu_mem estimate; /* an estimate of number of bytes actually in use */ + lu_mem gcdept; /* how much GC is `behind schedule' */ + int gcpause; /* size of pause between successive GCs */ + int gcstepmul; /* GC `granularity' */ + lua_CFunction panic; /* to be called in unprotected errors */ + TValue l_registry; + struct lua_State *mainthread; + UpVal uvhead; /* head of double-linked list of all open upvalues */ + struct Table *mt[NUM_TAGS]; /* metatables for basic types */ + TString *tmname[TM_N]; /* array with tag-method names */ +} global_State; + + +/* +** `per thread' state +*/ +struct lua_State { + CommonHeader; + lu_byte status; + StkId top; /* first free slot in the stack */ + StkId base; /* base of current function */ + global_State *l_G; + CallInfo *ci; /* call info for current function */ + const Instruction *savedpc; /* `savedpc' of current function */ + StkId stack_last; /* last free slot in the stack */ + StkId stack; /* stack base */ + CallInfo *end_ci; /* points after end of ci array*/ + CallInfo *base_ci; /* array of CallInfo's */ + int stacksize; + int size_ci; /* size of array `base_ci' */ + unsigned short nCcalls; /* number of nested C calls */ + unsigned short baseCcalls; /* nested C calls when resuming coroutine */ + lu_byte hookmask; + lu_byte allowhook; + int basehookcount; + int hookcount; + lua_Hook hook; + TValue l_gt; /* table of globals */ + TValue env; /* temporary place for environments */ + GCObject *openupval; /* list of open upvalues in this stack */ + GCObject *gclist; + struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp; /* current error recover point */ + ptrdiff_t errfunc; /* current error handling function (stack index) */ +}; + + +#define G(L) (L->l_G) + + +/* +** Union of all collectable objects +*/ +union GCObject { + GCheader gch; + union TString ts; + union Udata u; + union Closure cl; + struct Table h; + struct Proto p; + struct UpVal uv; + struct lua_State th; /* thread */ +}; + + +/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */ +#define rawgco2ts(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TSTRING, &((o)->ts)) +#define gco2ts(o) (&rawgco2ts(o)->tsv) +#define rawgco2u(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUSERDATA, &((o)->u)) +#define gco2u(o) (&rawgco2u(o)->uv) +#define gco2cl(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((o)->cl)) +#define gco2h(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTABLE, &((o)->h)) +#define gco2p(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TPROTO, &((o)->p)) +#define gco2uv(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv)) +#define ngcotouv(o) \ + check_exp((o) == NULL || (o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv)) +#define gco2th(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD, &((o)->th)) + +/* macro to convert any Lua object into a GCObject */ +#define obj2gco(v) (cast(GCObject *, (v))) + + +LUAI_FUNC lua_State *luaE_newthread (lua_State *L); +LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1); + +#endif + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstring.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstring.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4911315 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstring.c @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +/* +** $Id: lstring.c,v 2.8.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** String table (keeps all strings handled by Lua) +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <string.h> + +#define lstring_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" + + + +void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize) { + GCObject **newhash; + stringtable *tb; + int i; + if (G(L)->gcstate == GCSsweepstring) + return; /* cannot resize during GC traverse */ + newhash = luaM_newvector(L, newsize, GCObject *); + tb = &G(L)->strt; + for (i=0; i<newsize; i++) newhash[i] = NULL; + /* rehash */ + for (i=0; i<tb->size; i++) { + GCObject *p = tb->hash[i]; + while (p) { /* for each node in the list */ + GCObject *next = p->gch.next; /* save next */ + unsigned int h = gco2ts(p)->hash; + int h1 = lmod(h, newsize); /* new position */ + lua_assert(cast_int(h%newsize) == lmod(h, newsize)); + p->gch.next = newhash[h1]; /* chain it */ + newhash[h1] = p; + p = next; + } + } + luaM_freearray(L, tb->hash, tb->size, TString *); + tb->size = newsize; + tb->hash = newhash; +} + + +static TString *newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l, + unsigned int h) { + TString *ts; + stringtable *tb; + if (l+1 > (MAX_SIZET - sizeof(TString))/sizeof(char)) + luaM_toobig(L); + ts = cast(TString *, luaM_malloc(L, (l+1)*sizeof(char)+sizeof(TString))); + ts->tsv.len = l; + ts->tsv.hash = h; + ts->tsv.marked = luaC_white(G(L)); + ts->tsv.tt = LUA_TSTRING; + ts->tsv.reserved = 0; + memcpy(ts+1, str, l*sizeof(char)); + ((char *)(ts+1))[l] = '\0'; /* ending 0 */ + tb = &G(L)->strt; + h = lmod(h, tb->size); + ts->tsv.next = tb->hash[h]; /* chain new entry */ + tb->hash[h] = obj2gco(ts); + tb->nuse++; + if (tb->nuse > cast(lu_int32, tb->size) && tb->size <= MAX_INT/2) + luaS_resize(L, tb->size*2); /* too crowded */ + return ts; +} + + +TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) { + GCObject *o; + unsigned int h = cast(unsigned int, l); /* seed */ + size_t step = (l>>5)+1; /* if string is too long, don't hash all its chars */ + size_t l1; + for (l1=l; l1>=step; l1-=step) /* compute hash */ + h = h ^ ((h<<5)+(h>>2)+cast(unsigned char, str[l1-1])); + for (o = G(L)->strt.hash[lmod(h, G(L)->strt.size)]; + o != NULL; + o = o->gch.next) { + TString *ts = rawgco2ts(o); + if (ts->tsv.len == l && (memcmp(str, getstr(ts), l) == 0)) { + /* string may be dead */ + if (isdead(G(L), o)) changewhite(o); + return ts; + } + } + return newlstr(L, str, l, h); /* not found */ +} + + +Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e) { + Udata *u; + if (s > MAX_SIZET - sizeof(Udata)) + luaM_toobig(L); + u = cast(Udata *, luaM_malloc(L, s + sizeof(Udata))); + u->uv.marked = luaC_white(G(L)); /* is not finalized */ + u->uv.tt = LUA_TUSERDATA; + u->uv.len = s; + u->uv.metatable = NULL; + u->uv.env = e; + /* chain it on udata list (after main thread) */ + u->uv.next = G(L)->mainthread->next; + G(L)->mainthread->next = obj2gco(u); + return u; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstring.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstring.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73a2ff8 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstring.h @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +/* +** $Id: lstring.h,v 1.43.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** String table (keep all strings handled by Lua) +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lstring_h +#define lstring_h + + +#include "lgc.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" + + +#define sizestring(s) (sizeof(union TString)+((s)->len+1)*sizeof(char)) + +#define sizeudata(u) (sizeof(union Udata)+(u)->len) + +#define luaS_new(L, s) (luaS_newlstr(L, s, strlen(s))) +#define luaS_newliteral(L, s) (luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \ + (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1)) + +#define luaS_fix(s) l_setbit((s)->tsv.marked, FIXEDBIT) + +LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize); +LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e); +LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l); + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstrlib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstrlib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a03489 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lstrlib.c @@ -0,0 +1,871 @@ +/* +** $Id: lstrlib.c,v 1.132.1.5 2010/05/14 15:34:19 roberto Exp $ +** Standard library for string operations and pattern-matching +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <ctype.h> +#include <stddef.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define lstrlib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + +/* macro to `unsign' a character */ +#define uchar(c) ((unsigned char)(c)) + + + +static int str_len (lua_State *L) { + size_t l; + luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l); + lua_pushinteger(L, l); + return 1; +} + + +static ptrdiff_t posrelat (ptrdiff_t pos, size_t len) { + /* relative string position: negative means back from end */ + if (pos < 0) pos += (ptrdiff_t)len + 1; + return (pos >= 0) ? pos : 0; +} + + +static int str_sub (lua_State *L) { + size_t l; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l); + ptrdiff_t start = posrelat(luaL_checkinteger(L, 2), l); + ptrdiff_t end = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1), l); + if (start < 1) start = 1; + if (end > (ptrdiff_t)l) end = (ptrdiff_t)l; + if (start <= end) + lua_pushlstring(L, s+start-1, end-start+1); + else lua_pushliteral(L, ""); + return 1; +} + + +static int str_reverse (lua_State *L) { + size_t l; + luaL_Buffer b; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l); + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + while (l--) luaL_addchar(&b, s[l]); + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return 1; +} + + +static int str_lower (lua_State *L) { + size_t l; + size_t i; + luaL_Buffer b; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l); + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + for (i=0; i<l; i++) + luaL_addchar(&b, tolower(uchar(s[i]))); + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return 1; +} + + +static int str_upper (lua_State *L) { + size_t l; + size_t i; + luaL_Buffer b; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l); + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + for (i=0; i<l; i++) + luaL_addchar(&b, toupper(uchar(s[i]))); + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return 1; +} + +static int str_rep (lua_State *L) { + size_t l; + luaL_Buffer b; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l); + int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2); + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + while (n-- > 0) + luaL_addlstring(&b, s, l); + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return 1; +} + + +static int str_byte (lua_State *L) { + size_t l; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l); + ptrdiff_t posi = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), l); + ptrdiff_t pose = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), l); + int n, i; + if (posi <= 0) posi = 1; + if ((size_t)pose > l) pose = l; + if (posi > pose) return 0; /* empty interval; return no values */ + n = (int)(pose - posi + 1); + if (posi + n <= pose) /* overflow? */ + luaL_error(L, "string slice too long"); + luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long"); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + lua_pushinteger(L, uchar(s[posi+i-1])); + return n; +} + + +static int str_char (lua_State *L) { + int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */ + int i; + luaL_Buffer b; + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + for (i=1; i<=n; i++) { + int c = luaL_checkint(L, i); + luaL_argcheck(L, uchar(c) == c, i, "invalid value"); + luaL_addchar(&b, uchar(c)); + } + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return 1; +} + + +static int writer (lua_State *L, const void* b, size_t size, void* B) { + (void)L; + luaL_addlstring((luaL_Buffer*) B, (const char *)b, size); + return 0; +} + + +static int str_dump (lua_State *L) { + luaL_Buffer b; + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION); + lua_settop(L, 1); + luaL_buffinit(L,&b); + if (lua_dump(L, writer, &b) != 0) + luaL_error(L, "unable to dump given function"); + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return 1; +} + + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** PATTERN MATCHING +** ======================================================= +*/ + + +#define CAP_UNFINISHED (-1) +#define CAP_POSITION (-2) + +typedef struct MatchState { + const char *src_init; /* init of source string */ + const char *src_end; /* end (`\0') of source string */ + lua_State *L; + int level; /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */ + struct { + const char *init; + ptrdiff_t len; + } capture[LUA_MAXCAPTURES]; +} MatchState; + + +#define L_ESC '%' +#define SPECIALS "^$*+?.([%-" + + +static int check_capture (MatchState *ms, int l) { + l -= '1'; + if (l < 0 || l >= ms->level || ms->capture[l].len == CAP_UNFINISHED) + return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index"); + return l; +} + + +static int capture_to_close (MatchState *ms) { + int level = ms->level; + for (level--; level>=0; level--) + if (ms->capture[level].len == CAP_UNFINISHED) return level; + return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid pattern capture"); +} + + +static const char *classend (MatchState *ms, const char *p) { + switch (*p++) { + case L_ESC: { + if (*p == '\0') + luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (ends with " LUA_QL("%%") ")"); + return p+1; + } + case '[': { + if (*p == '^') p++; + do { /* look for a `]' */ + if (*p == '\0') + luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing " LUA_QL("]") ")"); + if (*(p++) == L_ESC && *p != '\0') + p++; /* skip escapes (e.g. `%]') */ + } while (*p != ']'); + return p+1; + } + default: { + return p; + } + } +} + + +static int match_class (int c, int cl) { + int res; + switch (tolower(cl)) { + case 'a' : res = isalpha(c); break; + case 'c' : res = iscntrl(c); break; + case 'd' : res = isdigit(c); break; + case 'l' : res = islower(c); break; + case 'p' : res = ispunct(c); break; + case 's' : res = isspace(c); break; + case 'u' : res = isupper(c); break; + case 'w' : res = isalnum(c); break; + case 'x' : res = isxdigit(c); break; + case 'z' : res = (c == 0); break; + default: return (cl == c); + } + return (islower(cl) ? res : !res); +} + + +static int matchbracketclass (int c, const char *p, const char *ec) { + int sig = 1; + if (*(p+1) == '^') { + sig = 0; + p++; /* skip the `^' */ + } + while (++p < ec) { + if (*p == L_ESC) { + p++; + if (match_class(c, uchar(*p))) + return sig; + } + else if ((*(p+1) == '-') && (p+2 < ec)) { + p+=2; + if (uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= uchar(*p)) + return sig; + } + else if (uchar(*p) == c) return sig; + } + return !sig; +} + + +static int singlematch (int c, const char *p, const char *ep) { + switch (*p) { + case '.': return 1; /* matches any char */ + case L_ESC: return match_class(c, uchar(*(p+1))); + case '[': return matchbracketclass(c, p, ep-1); + default: return (uchar(*p) == c); + } +} + + +static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p); + + +static const char *matchbalance (MatchState *ms, const char *s, + const char *p) { + if (*p == 0 || *(p+1) == 0) + luaL_error(ms->L, "unbalanced pattern"); + if (*s != *p) return NULL; + else { + int b = *p; + int e = *(p+1); + int cont = 1; + while (++s < ms->src_end) { + if (*s == e) { + if (--cont == 0) return s+1; + } + else if (*s == b) cont++; + } + } + return NULL; /* string ends out of balance */ +} + + +static const char *max_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s, + const char *p, const char *ep) { + ptrdiff_t i = 0; /* counts maximum expand for item */ + while ((s+i)<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*(s+i)), p, ep)) + i++; + /* keeps trying to match with the maximum repetitions */ + while (i>=0) { + const char *res = match(ms, (s+i), ep+1); + if (res) return res; + i--; /* else didn't match; reduce 1 repetition to try again */ + } + return NULL; +} + + +static const char *min_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s, + const char *p, const char *ep) { + for (;;) { + const char *res = match(ms, s, ep+1); + if (res != NULL) + return res; + else if (s<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*s), p, ep)) + s++; /* try with one more repetition */ + else return NULL; + } +} + + +static const char *start_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, + const char *p, int what) { + const char *res; + int level = ms->level; + if (level >= LUA_MAXCAPTURES) luaL_error(ms->L, "too many captures"); + ms->capture[level].init = s; + ms->capture[level].len = what; + ms->level = level+1; + if ((res=match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */ + ms->level--; /* undo capture */ + return res; +} + + +static const char *end_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, + const char *p) { + int l = capture_to_close(ms); + const char *res; + ms->capture[l].len = s - ms->capture[l].init; /* close capture */ + if ((res = match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */ + ms->capture[l].len = CAP_UNFINISHED; /* undo capture */ + return res; +} + + +static const char *match_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, int l) { + size_t len; + l = check_capture(ms, l); + len = ms->capture[l].len; + if ((size_t)(ms->src_end-s) >= len && + memcmp(ms->capture[l].init, s, len) == 0) + return s+len; + else return NULL; +} + + +static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) { + init: /* using goto's to optimize tail recursion */ + switch (*p) { + case '(': { /* start capture */ + if (*(p+1) == ')') /* position capture? */ + return start_capture(ms, s, p+2, CAP_POSITION); + else + return start_capture(ms, s, p+1, CAP_UNFINISHED); + } + case ')': { /* end capture */ + return end_capture(ms, s, p+1); + } + case L_ESC: { + switch (*(p+1)) { + case 'b': { /* balanced string? */ + s = matchbalance(ms, s, p+2); + if (s == NULL) return NULL; + p+=4; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, p+4); */ + } + case 'f': { /* frontier? */ + const char *ep; char previous; + p += 2; + if (*p != '[') + luaL_error(ms->L, "missing " LUA_QL("[") " after " + LUA_QL("%%f") " in pattern"); + ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */ + previous = (s == ms->src_init) ? '\0' : *(s-1); + if (matchbracketclass(uchar(previous), p, ep-1) || + !matchbracketclass(uchar(*s), p, ep-1)) return NULL; + p=ep; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep); */ + } + default: { + if (isdigit(uchar(*(p+1)))) { /* capture results (%0-%9)? */ + s = match_capture(ms, s, uchar(*(p+1))); + if (s == NULL) return NULL; + p+=2; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, p+2) */ + } + goto dflt; /* case default */ + } + } + } + case '\0': { /* end of pattern */ + return s; /* match succeeded */ + } + case '$': { + if (*(p+1) == '\0') /* is the `$' the last char in pattern? */ + return (s == ms->src_end) ? s : NULL; /* check end of string */ + else goto dflt; + } + default: dflt: { /* it is a pattern item */ + const char *ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */ + int m = s<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*s), p, ep); + switch (*ep) { + case '?': { /* optional */ + const char *res; + if (m && ((res=match(ms, s+1, ep+1)) != NULL)) + return res; + p=ep+1; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep+1); */ + } + case '*': { /* 0 or more repetitions */ + return max_expand(ms, s, p, ep); + } + case '+': { /* 1 or more repetitions */ + return (m ? max_expand(ms, s+1, p, ep) : NULL); + } + case '-': { /* 0 or more repetitions (minimum) */ + return min_expand(ms, s, p, ep); + } + default: { + if (!m) return NULL; + s++; p=ep; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s+1, ep); */ + } + } + } + } +} + + + +static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1, + const char *s2, size_t l2) { + if (l2 == 0) return s1; /* empty strings are everywhere */ + else if (l2 > l1) return NULL; /* avoids a negative `l1' */ + else { + const char *init; /* to search for a `*s2' inside `s1' */ + l2--; /* 1st char will be checked by `memchr' */ + l1 = l1-l2; /* `s2' cannot be found after that */ + while (l1 > 0 && (init = (const char *)memchr(s1, *s2, l1)) != NULL) { + init++; /* 1st char is already checked */ + if (memcmp(init, s2+1, l2) == 0) + return init-1; + else { /* correct `l1' and `s1' to try again */ + l1 -= init-s1; + s1 = init; + } + } + return NULL; /* not found */ + } +} + + +static void push_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s, + const char *e) { + if (i >= ms->level) { + if (i == 0) /* ms->level == 0, too */ + lua_pushlstring(ms->L, s, e - s); /* add whole match */ + else + luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index"); + } + else { + ptrdiff_t l = ms->capture[i].len; + if (l == CAP_UNFINISHED) luaL_error(ms->L, "unfinished capture"); + if (l == CAP_POSITION) + lua_pushinteger(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init + 1); + else + lua_pushlstring(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init, l); + } +} + + +static int push_captures (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *e) { + int i; + int nlevels = (ms->level == 0 && s) ? 1 : ms->level; + luaL_checkstack(ms->L, nlevels, "too many captures"); + for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++) + push_onecapture(ms, i, s, e); + return nlevels; /* number of strings pushed */ +} + + +static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) { + size_t l1, l2; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l1); + const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &l2); + ptrdiff_t init = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), l1) - 1; + if (init < 0) init = 0; + else if ((size_t)(init) > l1) init = (ptrdiff_t)l1; + if (find && (lua_toboolean(L, 4) || /* explicit request? */ + strpbrk(p, SPECIALS) == NULL)) { /* or no special characters? */ + /* do a plain search */ + const char *s2 = lmemfind(s+init, l1-init, p, l2); + if (s2) { + lua_pushinteger(L, s2-s+1); + lua_pushinteger(L, s2-s+l2); + return 2; + } + } + else { + MatchState ms; + int anchor = (*p == '^') ? (p++, 1) : 0; + const char *s1=s+init; + ms.L = L; + ms.src_init = s; + ms.src_end = s+l1; + do { + const char *res; + ms.level = 0; + if ((res=match(&ms, s1, p)) != NULL) { + if (find) { + lua_pushinteger(L, s1-s+1); /* start */ + lua_pushinteger(L, res-s); /* end */ + return push_captures(&ms, NULL, 0) + 2; + } + else + return push_captures(&ms, s1, res); + } + } while (s1++ < ms.src_end && !anchor); + } + lua_pushnil(L); /* not found */ + return 1; +} + + +static int str_find (lua_State *L) { + return str_find_aux(L, 1); +} + + +static int str_match (lua_State *L) { + return str_find_aux(L, 0); +} + + +static int gmatch_aux (lua_State *L) { + MatchState ms; + size_t ls; + const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), &ls); + const char *p = lua_tostring(L, lua_upvalueindex(2)); + const char *src; + ms.L = L; + ms.src_init = s; + ms.src_end = s+ls; + for (src = s + (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(3)); + src <= ms.src_end; + src++) { + const char *e; + ms.level = 0; + if ((e = match(&ms, src, p)) != NULL) { + lua_Integer newstart = e-s; + if (e == src) newstart++; /* empty match? go at least one position */ + lua_pushinteger(L, newstart); + lua_replace(L, lua_upvalueindex(3)); + return push_captures(&ms, src, e); + } + } + return 0; /* not found */ +} + + +static int gmatch (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checkstring(L, 1); + luaL_checkstring(L, 2); + lua_settop(L, 2); + lua_pushinteger(L, 0); + lua_pushcclosure(L, gmatch_aux, 3); + return 1; +} + + +static int gfind_nodef (lua_State *L) { + return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("string.gfind") " was renamed to " + LUA_QL("string.gmatch")); +} + + +static void add_s (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s, + const char *e) { + size_t l, i; + const char *news = lua_tolstring(ms->L, 3, &l); + for (i = 0; i < l; i++) { + if (news[i] != L_ESC) + luaL_addchar(b, news[i]); + else { + i++; /* skip ESC */ + if (!isdigit(uchar(news[i]))) + luaL_addchar(b, news[i]); + else if (news[i] == '0') + luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s); + else { + push_onecapture(ms, news[i] - '1', s, e); + luaL_addvalue(b); /* add capture to accumulated result */ + } + } + } +} + + +static void add_value (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s, + const char *e) { + lua_State *L = ms->L; + switch (lua_type(L, 3)) { + case LUA_TNUMBER: + case LUA_TSTRING: { + add_s(ms, b, s, e); + return; + } + case LUA_TFUNCTION: { + int n; + lua_pushvalue(L, 3); + n = push_captures(ms, s, e); + lua_call(L, n, 1); + break; + } + case LUA_TTABLE: { + push_onecapture(ms, 0, s, e); + lua_gettable(L, 3); + break; + } + } + if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) { /* nil or false? */ + lua_pop(L, 1); + lua_pushlstring(L, s, e - s); /* keep original text */ + } + else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1)) + luaL_error(L, "invalid replacement value (a %s)", luaL_typename(L, -1)); + luaL_addvalue(b); /* add result to accumulator */ +} + + +static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) { + size_t srcl; + const char *src = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &srcl); + const char *p = luaL_checkstring(L, 2); + int tr = lua_type(L, 3); + int max_s = luaL_optint(L, 4, srcl+1); + int anchor = (*p == '^') ? (p++, 1) : 0; + int n = 0; + MatchState ms; + luaL_Buffer b; + luaL_argcheck(L, tr == LUA_TNUMBER || tr == LUA_TSTRING || + tr == LUA_TFUNCTION || tr == LUA_TTABLE, 3, + "string/function/table expected"); + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + ms.L = L; + ms.src_init = src; + ms.src_end = src+srcl; + while (n < max_s) { + const char *e; + ms.level = 0; + e = match(&ms, src, p); + if (e) { + n++; + add_value(&ms, &b, src, e); + } + if (e && e>src) /* non empty match? */ + src = e; /* skip it */ + else if (src < ms.src_end) + luaL_addchar(&b, *src++); + else break; + if (anchor) break; + } + luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ms.src_end-src); + luaL_pushresult(&b); + lua_pushinteger(L, n); /* number of substitutions */ + return 2; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +/* maximum size of each formatted item (> len(format('%99.99f', -1e308))) */ +#define MAX_ITEM 512 +/* valid flags in a format specification */ +#define FLAGS "-+ #0" +/* +** maximum size of each format specification (such as '%-099.99d') +** (+10 accounts for %99.99x plus margin of error) +*/ +#define MAX_FORMAT (sizeof(FLAGS) + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) + 10) + + +static void addquoted (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) { + size_t l; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l); + luaL_addchar(b, '"'); + while (l--) { + switch (*s) { + case '"': case '\\': case '\n': { + luaL_addchar(b, '\\'); + luaL_addchar(b, *s); + break; + } + case '\r': { + luaL_addlstring(b, "\\r", 2); + break; + } + case '\0': { + luaL_addlstring(b, "\\000", 4); + break; + } + default: { + luaL_addchar(b, *s); + break; + } + } + s++; + } + luaL_addchar(b, '"'); +} + +static const char *scanformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt, char *form) { + const char *p = strfrmt; + while (*p != '\0' && strchr(FLAGS, *p) != NULL) p++; /* skip flags */ + if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(FLAGS)) + luaL_error(L, "invalid format (repeated flags)"); + if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip width */ + if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */ + if (*p == '.') { + p++; + if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip precision */ + if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */ + } + if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) + luaL_error(L, "invalid format (width or precision too long)"); + *(form++) = '%'; + strncpy(form, strfrmt, p - strfrmt + 1); + form += p - strfrmt + 1; + *form = '\0'; + return p; +} + + +static void addintlen (char *form) { + size_t l = strlen(form); + char spec = form[l - 1]; + strcpy(form + l - 1, LUA_INTFRMLEN); + form[l + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) - 2] = spec; + form[l + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) - 1] = '\0'; +} + + +static int str_format (lua_State *L) { + int top = lua_gettop(L); + int arg = 1; + size_t sfl; + const char *strfrmt = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &sfl); + const char *strfrmt_end = strfrmt+sfl; + luaL_Buffer b; + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + while (strfrmt < strfrmt_end) { + if (*strfrmt != L_ESC) + luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++); + else if (*++strfrmt == L_ESC) + luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++); /* %% */ + else { /* format item */ + char form[MAX_FORMAT]; /* to store the format (`%...') */ + char buff[MAX_ITEM]; /* to store the formatted item */ + if (++arg > top) + luaL_argerror(L, arg, "no value"); + strfrmt = scanformat(L, strfrmt, form); + switch (*strfrmt++) { + case 'c': { + sprintf(buff, form, (int)luaL_checknumber(L, arg)); + break; + } + case 'd': case 'i': { + addintlen(form); + sprintf(buff, form, (LUA_INTFRM_T)luaL_checknumber(L, arg)); + break; + } + case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': { + addintlen(form); + sprintf(buff, form, (unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T)luaL_checknumber(L, arg)); + break; + } + case 'e': case 'E': case 'f': + case 'g': case 'G': { + sprintf(buff, form, (double)luaL_checknumber(L, arg)); + break; + } + case 'q': { + addquoted(L, &b, arg); + continue; /* skip the 'addsize' at the end */ + } + case 's': { + size_t l; + const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l); + if (!strchr(form, '.') && l >= 100) { + /* no precision and string is too long to be formatted; + keep original string */ + lua_pushvalue(L, arg); + luaL_addvalue(&b); + continue; /* skip the `addsize' at the end */ + } + else { + sprintf(buff, form, s); + break; + } + } + default: { /* also treat cases `pnLlh' */ + return luaL_error(L, "invalid option " LUA_QL("%%%c") " to " + LUA_QL("format"), *(strfrmt - 1)); + } + } + luaL_addlstring(&b, buff, strlen(buff)); + } + } + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return 1; +} + + +static const luaL_Reg strlib[] = { + {"byte", str_byte}, + {"char", str_char}, + {"dump", str_dump}, + {"find", str_find}, + {"format", str_format}, + {"gfind", gfind_nodef}, + {"gmatch", gmatch}, + {"gsub", str_gsub}, + {"len", str_len}, + {"lower", str_lower}, + {"match", str_match}, + {"rep", str_rep}, + {"reverse", str_reverse}, + {"sub", str_sub}, + {"upper", str_upper}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +static void createmetatable (lua_State *L) { + lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create metatable for strings */ + lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* dummy string */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); + lua_setmetatable(L, -2); /* set string metatable */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop dummy string */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* string library... */ + lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* ...is the __index metamethod */ + lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop metatable */ +} + + +/* +** Open string library +*/ +LUALIB_API int luaopen_string (lua_State *L) { + luaL_register(L, LUA_STRLIBNAME, strlib); +#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GFIND) + lua_getfield(L, -1, "gmatch"); + lua_setfield(L, -2, "gfind"); +#endif + createmetatable(L); + return 1; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltable.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltable.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec84f4f --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltable.c @@ -0,0 +1,588 @@ +/* +** $Id: ltable.c,v 2.32.1.2 2007/12/28 15:32:23 roberto Exp $ +** Lua tables (hash) +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +/* +** Implementation of tables (aka arrays, objects, or hash tables). +** Tables keep its elements in two parts: an array part and a hash part. +** Non-negative integer keys are all candidates to be kept in the array +** part. The actual size of the array is the largest `n' such that at +** least half the slots between 0 and n are in use. +** Hash uses a mix of chained scatter table with Brent's variation. +** A main invariant of these tables is that, if an element is not +** in its main position (i.e. the `original' position that its hash gives +** to it), then the colliding element is in its own main position. +** Hence even when the load factor reaches 100%, performance remains good. +*/ + +#include <math.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define ltable_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lgc.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "ltable.h" + + +/* +** max size of array part is 2^MAXBITS +*/ +#if LUAI_BITSINT > 26 +#define MAXBITS 26 +#else +#define MAXBITS (LUAI_BITSINT-2) +#endif + +#define MAXASIZE (1 << MAXBITS) + + +#define hashpow2(t,n) (gnode(t, lmod((n), sizenode(t)))) + +#define hashstr(t,str) hashpow2(t, (str)->tsv.hash) +#define hashboolean(t,p) hashpow2(t, p) + + +/* +** for some types, it is better to avoid modulus by power of 2, as +** they tend to have many 2 factors. +*/ +#define hashmod(t,n) (gnode(t, ((n) % ((sizenode(t)-1)|1)))) + + +#define hashpointer(t,p) hashmod(t, IntPoint(p)) + + +/* +** number of ints inside a lua_Number +*/ +#define numints cast_int(sizeof(lua_Number)/sizeof(int)) + + + +#define dummynode (&dummynode_) + +static const Node dummynode_ = { + {{NULL}, LUA_TNIL}, /* value */ + {{{NULL}, LUA_TNIL, NULL}} /* key */ +}; + + +/* +** hash for lua_Numbers +*/ +static Node *hashnum (const Table *t, lua_Number n) { + unsigned int a[numints]; + int i; + if (luai_numeq(n, 0)) /* avoid problems with -0 */ + return gnode(t, 0); + memcpy(a, &n, sizeof(a)); + for (i = 1; i < numints; i++) a[0] += a[i]; + return hashmod(t, a[0]); +} + + + +/* +** returns the `main' position of an element in a table (that is, the index +** of its hash value) +*/ +static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) { + switch (ttype(key)) { + case LUA_TNUMBER: + return hashnum(t, nvalue(key)); + case LUA_TSTRING: + return hashstr(t, rawtsvalue(key)); + case LUA_TBOOLEAN: + return hashboolean(t, bvalue(key)); + case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: + return hashpointer(t, pvalue(key)); + default: + return hashpointer(t, gcvalue(key)); + } +} + + +/* +** returns the index for `key' if `key' is an appropriate key to live in +** the array part of the table, -1 otherwise. +*/ +static int arrayindex (const TValue *key) { + if (ttisnumber(key)) { + lua_Number n = nvalue(key); + int k; + lua_number2int(k, n); + if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), n)) + return k; + } + return -1; /* `key' did not match some condition */ +} + + +/* +** returns the index of a `key' for table traversals. First goes all +** elements in the array part, then elements in the hash part. The +** beginning of a traversal is signalled by -1. +*/ +static int findindex (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) { + int i; + if (ttisnil(key)) return -1; /* first iteration */ + i = arrayindex(key); + if (0 < i && i <= t->sizearray) /* is `key' inside array part? */ + return i-1; /* yes; that's the index (corrected to C) */ + else { + Node *n = mainposition(t, key); + do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */ + /* key may be dead already, but it is ok to use it in `next' */ + if (luaO_rawequalObj(key2tval(n), key) || + (ttype(gkey(n)) == LUA_TDEADKEY && iscollectable(key) && + gcvalue(gkey(n)) == gcvalue(key))) { + i = cast_int(n - gnode(t, 0)); /* key index in hash table */ + /* hash elements are numbered after array ones */ + return i + t->sizearray; + } + else n = gnext(n); + } while (n); + luaG_runerror(L, "invalid key to " LUA_QL("next")); /* key not found */ + return 0; /* to avoid warnings */ + } +} + + +int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) { + int i = findindex(L, t, key); /* find original element */ + for (i++; i < t->sizearray; i++) { /* try first array part */ + if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i])) { /* a non-nil value? */ + setnvalue(key, cast_num(i+1)); + setobj2s(L, key+1, &t->array[i]); + return 1; + } + } + for (i -= t->sizearray; i < sizenode(t); i++) { /* then hash part */ + if (!ttisnil(gval(gnode(t, i)))) { /* a non-nil value? */ + setobj2s(L, key, key2tval(gnode(t, i))); + setobj2s(L, key+1, gval(gnode(t, i))); + return 1; + } + } + return 0; /* no more elements */ +} + + +/* +** {============================================================= +** Rehash +** ============================================================== +*/ + + +static int computesizes (int nums[], int *narray) { + int i; + int twotoi; /* 2^i */ + int a = 0; /* number of elements smaller than 2^i */ + int na = 0; /* number of elements to go to array part */ + int n = 0; /* optimal size for array part */ + for (i = 0, twotoi = 1; twotoi/2 < *narray; i++, twotoi *= 2) { + if (nums[i] > 0) { + a += nums[i]; + if (a > twotoi/2) { /* more than half elements present? */ + n = twotoi; /* optimal size (till now) */ + na = a; /* all elements smaller than n will go to array part */ + } + } + if (a == *narray) break; /* all elements already counted */ + } + *narray = n; + lua_assert(*narray/2 <= na && na <= *narray); + return na; +} + + +static int countint (const TValue *key, int *nums) { + int k = arrayindex(key); + if (0 < k && k <= MAXASIZE) { /* is `key' an appropriate array index? */ + nums[ceillog2(k)]++; /* count as such */ + return 1; + } + else + return 0; +} + + +static int numusearray (const Table *t, int *nums) { + int lg; + int ttlg; /* 2^lg */ + int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */ + int i = 1; /* count to traverse all array keys */ + for (lg=0, ttlg=1; lg<=MAXBITS; lg++, ttlg*=2) { /* for each slice */ + int lc = 0; /* counter */ + int lim = ttlg; + if (lim > t->sizearray) { + lim = t->sizearray; /* adjust upper limit */ + if (i > lim) + break; /* no more elements to count */ + } + /* count elements in range (2^(lg-1), 2^lg] */ + for (; i <= lim; i++) { + if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i-1])) + lc++; + } + nums[lg] += lc; + ause += lc; + } + return ause; +} + + +static int numusehash (const Table *t, int *nums, int *pnasize) { + int totaluse = 0; /* total number of elements */ + int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */ + int i = sizenode(t); + while (i--) { + Node *n = &t->node[i]; + if (!ttisnil(gval(n))) { + ause += countint(key2tval(n), nums); + totaluse++; + } + } + *pnasize += ause; + return totaluse; +} + + +static void setarrayvector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) { + int i; + luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, t->sizearray, size, TValue); + for (i=t->sizearray; i<size; i++) + setnilvalue(&t->array[i]); + t->sizearray = size; +} + + +static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) { + int lsize; + if (size == 0) { /* no elements to hash part? */ + t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode); /* use common `dummynode' */ + lsize = 0; + } + else { + int i; + lsize = ceillog2(size); + if (lsize > MAXBITS) + luaG_runerror(L, "table overflow"); + size = twoto(lsize); + t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node); + for (i=0; i<size; i++) { + Node *n = gnode(t, i); + gnext(n) = NULL; + setnilvalue(gkey(n)); + setnilvalue(gval(n)); + } + } + t->lsizenode = cast_byte(lsize); + t->lastfree = gnode(t, size); /* all positions are free */ +} + + +static void resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize) { + int i; + int oldasize = t->sizearray; + int oldhsize = t->lsizenode; + Node *nold = t->node; /* save old hash ... */ + if (nasize > oldasize) /* array part must grow? */ + setarrayvector(L, t, nasize); + /* create new hash part with appropriate size */ + setnodevector(L, t, nhsize); + if (nasize < oldasize) { /* array part must shrink? */ + t->sizearray = nasize; + /* re-insert elements from vanishing slice */ + for (i=nasize; i<oldasize; i++) { + if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i])) + setobjt2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, t, i+1), &t->array[i]); + } + /* shrink array */ + luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, oldasize, nasize, TValue); + } + /* re-insert elements from hash part */ + for (i = twoto(oldhsize) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { + Node *old = nold+i; + if (!ttisnil(gval(old))) + setobjt2t(L, luaH_set(L, t, key2tval(old)), gval(old)); + } + if (nold != dummynode) + luaM_freearray(L, nold, twoto(oldhsize), Node); /* free old array */ +} + + +void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize) { + int nsize = (t->node == dummynode) ? 0 : sizenode(t); + resize(L, t, nasize, nsize); +} + + +static void rehash (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *ek) { + int nasize, na; + int nums[MAXBITS+1]; /* nums[i] = number of keys between 2^(i-1) and 2^i */ + int i; + int totaluse; + for (i=0; i<=MAXBITS; i++) nums[i] = 0; /* reset counts */ + nasize = numusearray(t, nums); /* count keys in array part */ + totaluse = nasize; /* all those keys are integer keys */ + totaluse += numusehash(t, nums, &nasize); /* count keys in hash part */ + /* count extra key */ + nasize += countint(ek, nums); + totaluse++; + /* compute new size for array part */ + na = computesizes(nums, &nasize); + /* resize the table to new computed sizes */ + resize(L, t, nasize, totaluse - na); +} + + + +/* +** }============================================================= +*/ + + +Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L, int narray, int nhash) { + Table *t = luaM_new(L, Table); + luaC_link(L, obj2gco(t), LUA_TTABLE); + t->metatable = NULL; + t->flags = cast_byte(~0); + /* temporary values (kept only if some malloc fails) */ + t->array = NULL; + t->sizearray = 0; + t->lsizenode = 0; + t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode); + setarrayvector(L, t, narray); + setnodevector(L, t, nhash); + return t; +} + + +void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t) { + if (t->node != dummynode) + luaM_freearray(L, t->node, sizenode(t), Node); + luaM_freearray(L, t->array, t->sizearray, TValue); + luaM_free(L, t); +} + + +static Node *getfreepos (Table *t) { + while (t->lastfree-- > t->node) { + if (ttisnil(gkey(t->lastfree))) + return t->lastfree; + } + return NULL; /* could not find a free place */ +} + + + +/* +** inserts a new key into a hash table; first, check whether key's main +** position is free. If not, check whether colliding node is in its main +** position or not: if it is not, move colliding node to an empty place and +** put new key in its main position; otherwise (colliding node is in its main +** position), new key goes to an empty position. +*/ +static TValue *newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) { + Node *mp = mainposition(t, key); + if (!ttisnil(gval(mp)) || mp == dummynode) { + Node *othern; + Node *n = getfreepos(t); /* get a free place */ + if (n == NULL) { /* cannot find a free place? */ + rehash(L, t, key); /* grow table */ + return luaH_set(L, t, key); /* re-insert key into grown table */ + } + lua_assert(n != dummynode); + othern = mainposition(t, key2tval(mp)); + if (othern != mp) { /* is colliding node out of its main position? */ + /* yes; move colliding node into free position */ + while (gnext(othern) != mp) othern = gnext(othern); /* find previous */ + gnext(othern) = n; /* redo the chain with `n' in place of `mp' */ + *n = *mp; /* copy colliding node into free pos. (mp->next also goes) */ + gnext(mp) = NULL; /* now `mp' is free */ + setnilvalue(gval(mp)); + } + else { /* colliding node is in its own main position */ + /* new node will go into free position */ + gnext(n) = gnext(mp); /* chain new position */ + gnext(mp) = n; + mp = n; + } + } + gkey(mp)->value = key->value; gkey(mp)->tt = key->tt; + luaC_barriert(L, t, key); + lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(mp))); + return gval(mp); +} + + +/* +** search function for integers +*/ +const TValue *luaH_getnum (Table *t, int key) { + /* (1 <= key && key <= t->sizearray) */ + if (cast(unsigned int, key-1) < cast(unsigned int, t->sizearray)) + return &t->array[key-1]; + else { + lua_Number nk = cast_num(key); + Node *n = hashnum(t, nk); + do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */ + if (ttisnumber(gkey(n)) && luai_numeq(nvalue(gkey(n)), nk)) + return gval(n); /* that's it */ + else n = gnext(n); + } while (n); + return luaO_nilobject; + } +} + + +/* +** search function for strings +*/ +const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key) { + Node *n = hashstr(t, key); + do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */ + if (ttisstring(gkey(n)) && rawtsvalue(gkey(n)) == key) + return gval(n); /* that's it */ + else n = gnext(n); + } while (n); + return luaO_nilobject; +} + + +/* +** main search function +*/ +const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key) { + switch (ttype(key)) { + case LUA_TNIL: return luaO_nilobject; + case LUA_TSTRING: return luaH_getstr(t, rawtsvalue(key)); + case LUA_TNUMBER: { + int k; + lua_Number n = nvalue(key); + lua_number2int(k, n); + if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), nvalue(key))) /* index is int? */ + return luaH_getnum(t, k); /* use specialized version */ + /* else go through */ + } + default: { + Node *n = mainposition(t, key); + do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */ + if (luaO_rawequalObj(key2tval(n), key)) + return gval(n); /* that's it */ + else n = gnext(n); + } while (n); + return luaO_nilobject; + } + } +} + + +TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) { + const TValue *p = luaH_get(t, key); + t->flags = 0; + if (p != luaO_nilobject) + return cast(TValue *, p); + else { + if (ttisnil(key)) luaG_runerror(L, "table index is nil"); + else if (ttisnumber(key) && luai_numisnan(nvalue(key))) + luaG_runerror(L, "table index is NaN"); + return newkey(L, t, key); + } +} + + +TValue *luaH_setnum (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key) { + const TValue *p = luaH_getnum(t, key); + if (p != luaO_nilobject) + return cast(TValue *, p); + else { + TValue k; + setnvalue(&k, cast_num(key)); + return newkey(L, t, &k); + } +} + + +TValue *luaH_setstr (lua_State *L, Table *t, TString *key) { + const TValue *p = luaH_getstr(t, key); + if (p != luaO_nilobject) + return cast(TValue *, p); + else { + TValue k; + setsvalue(L, &k, key); + return newkey(L, t, &k); + } +} + + +static int unbound_search (Table *t, unsigned int j) { + unsigned int i = j; /* i is zero or a present index */ + j++; + /* find `i' and `j' such that i is present and j is not */ + while (!ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, j))) { + i = j; + j *= 2; + if (j > cast(unsigned int, MAX_INT)) { /* overflow? */ + /* table was built with bad purposes: resort to linear search */ + i = 1; + while (!ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, i))) i++; + return i - 1; + } + } + /* now do a binary search between them */ + while (j - i > 1) { + unsigned int m = (i+j)/2; + if (ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, m))) j = m; + else i = m; + } + return i; +} + + +/* +** Try to find a boundary in table `t'. A `boundary' is an integer index +** such that t[i] is non-nil and t[i+1] is nil (and 0 if t[1] is nil). +*/ +int luaH_getn (Table *t) { + unsigned int j = t->sizearray; + if (j > 0 && ttisnil(&t->array[j - 1])) { + /* there is a boundary in the array part: (binary) search for it */ + unsigned int i = 0; + while (j - i > 1) { + unsigned int m = (i+j)/2; + if (ttisnil(&t->array[m - 1])) j = m; + else i = m; + } + return i; + } + /* else must find a boundary in hash part */ + else if (t->node == dummynode) /* hash part is empty? */ + return j; /* that is easy... */ + else return unbound_search(t, j); +} + + + +#if defined(LUA_DEBUG) + +Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) { + return mainposition(t, key); +} + +int luaH_isdummy (Node *n) { return n == dummynode; } + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltable.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltable.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5b9d5e --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltable.h @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +/* +** $Id: ltable.h,v 2.10.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Lua tables (hash) +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef ltable_h +#define ltable_h + +#include "lobject.h" + + +#define gnode(t,i) (&(t)->node[i]) +#define gkey(n) (&(n)->i_key.nk) +#define gval(n) (&(n)->i_val) +#define gnext(n) ((n)->i_key.nk.next) + +#define key2tval(n) (&(n)->i_key.tvk) + + +LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getnum (Table *t, int key); +LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_setnum (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key); +LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key); +LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_setstr (lua_State *L, Table *t, TString *key); +LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key); +LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key); +LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L, int narray, int lnhash); +LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize); +LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t); +LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key); +LUAI_FUNC int luaH_getn (Table *t); + + +#if defined(LUA_DEBUG) +LUAI_FUNC Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key); +LUAI_FUNC int luaH_isdummy (Node *n); +#endif + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltablib.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltablib.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b6d9cb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltablib.c @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +/* +** $Id: ltablib.c,v 1.38.1.3 2008/02/14 16:46:58 roberto Exp $ +** Library for Table Manipulation +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stddef.h> + +#define ltablib_c +#define LUA_LIB + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + +#define aux_getn(L,n) (luaL_checktype(L, n, LUA_TTABLE), luaL_getn(L, n)) + + +static int foreachi (lua_State *L) { + int i; + int n = aux_getn(L, 1); + luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION); + for (i=1; i <= n; i++) { + lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* function */ + lua_pushinteger(L, i); /* 1st argument */ + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* 2nd argument */ + lua_call(L, 2, 1); + if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) + return 1; + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove nil result */ + } + return 0; +} + + +static int foreach (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION); + lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */ + while (lua_next(L, 1)) { + lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* function */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -3); /* key */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -3); /* value */ + lua_call(L, 2, 1); + if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) + return 1; + lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove value and result */ + } + return 0; +} + + +static int maxn (lua_State *L) { + lua_Number max = 0; + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */ + while (lua_next(L, 1)) { + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */ + if (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) { + lua_Number v = lua_tonumber(L, -1); + if (v > max) max = v; + } + } + lua_pushnumber(L, max); + return 1; +} + + +static int getn (lua_State *L) { + lua_pushinteger(L, aux_getn(L, 1)); + return 1; +} + + +static int setn (lua_State *L) { + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); +#ifndef luaL_setn + luaL_setn(L, 1, luaL_checkint(L, 2)); +#else + luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("setn") " is obsolete"); +#endif + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); + return 1; +} + + +static int tinsert (lua_State *L) { + int e = aux_getn(L, 1) + 1; /* first empty element */ + int pos; /* where to insert new element */ + switch (lua_gettop(L)) { + case 2: { /* called with only 2 arguments */ + pos = e; /* insert new element at the end */ + break; + } + case 3: { + int i; + pos = luaL_checkint(L, 2); /* 2nd argument is the position */ + if (pos > e) e = pos; /* `grow' array if necessary */ + for (i = e; i > pos; i--) { /* move up elements */ + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i-1); + lua_rawseti(L, 1, i); /* t[i] = t[i-1] */ + } + break; + } + default: { + return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to " LUA_QL("insert")); + } + } + luaL_setn(L, 1, e); /* new size */ + lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = v */ + return 0; +} + + +static int tremove (lua_State *L) { + int e = aux_getn(L, 1); + int pos = luaL_optint(L, 2, e); + if (!(1 <= pos && pos <= e)) /* position is outside bounds? */ + return 0; /* nothing to remove */ + luaL_setn(L, 1, e - 1); /* t.n = n-1 */ + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos); /* result = t[pos] */ + for ( ;pos<e; pos++) { + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos+1); + lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = t[pos+1] */ + } + lua_pushnil(L); + lua_rawseti(L, 1, e); /* t[e] = nil */ + return 1; +} + + +static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int i) { + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); + if (!lua_isstring(L, -1)) + luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %d in table for " + LUA_QL("concat"), luaL_typename(L, -1), i); + luaL_addvalue(b); +} + + +static int tconcat (lua_State *L) { + luaL_Buffer b; + size_t lsep; + int i, last; + const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep); + luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); + i = luaL_optint(L, 3, 1); + last = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 4, luaL_getn(L, 1)); + luaL_buffinit(L, &b); + for (; i < last; i++) { + addfield(L, &b, i); + luaL_addlstring(&b, sep, lsep); + } + if (i == last) /* add last value (if interval was not empty) */ + addfield(L, &b, i); + luaL_pushresult(&b); + return 1; +} + + + +/* +** {====================================================== +** Quicksort +** (based on `Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick; +** Addison-Wesley, 1993.) +*/ + + +static void set2 (lua_State *L, int i, int j) { + lua_rawseti(L, 1, i); + lua_rawseti(L, 1, j); +} + +static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) { + if (!lua_isnil(L, 2)) { /* function? */ + int res; + lua_pushvalue(L, 2); + lua_pushvalue(L, a-1); /* -1 to compensate function */ + lua_pushvalue(L, b-2); /* -2 to compensate function and `a' */ + lua_call(L, 2, 1); + res = lua_toboolean(L, -1); + lua_pop(L, 1); + return res; + } + else /* a < b? */ + return lua_lessthan(L, a, b); +} + +static void auxsort (lua_State *L, int l, int u) { + while (l < u) { /* for tail recursion */ + int i, j; + /* sort elements a[l], a[(l+u)/2] and a[u] */ + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l); + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u); + if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u] < a[l]? */ + set2(L, l, u); /* swap a[l] - a[u] */ + else + lua_pop(L, 2); + if (u-l == 1) break; /* only 2 elements */ + i = (l+u)/2; + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l); + if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1)) /* a[i]<a[l]? */ + set2(L, i, l); + else { + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[l] */ + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u); + if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u]<a[i]? */ + set2(L, i, u); + else + lua_pop(L, 2); + } + if (u-l == 2) break; /* only 3 elements */ + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* Pivot */ + lua_pushvalue(L, -1); + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1); + set2(L, i, u-1); + /* a[l] <= P == a[u-1] <= a[u], only need to sort from l+1 to u-2 */ + i = l; j = u-1; + for (;;) { /* invariant: a[l..i] <= P <= a[j..u] */ + /* repeat ++i until a[i] >= P */ + while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) { + if (i>u) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting"); + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[i] */ + } + /* repeat --j until a[j] <= P */ + while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) { + if (j<l) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting"); + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[j] */ + } + if (j<i) { + lua_pop(L, 3); /* pop pivot, a[i], a[j] */ + break; + } + set2(L, i, j); + } + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1); + lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); + set2(L, u-1, i); /* swap pivot (a[u-1]) with a[i] */ + /* a[l..i-1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i+1..u] */ + /* adjust so that smaller half is in [j..i] and larger one in [l..u] */ + if (i-l < u-i) { + j=l; i=i-1; l=i+2; + } + else { + j=i+1; i=u; u=j-2; + } + auxsort(L, j, i); /* call recursively the smaller one */ + } /* repeat the routine for the larger one */ +} + +static int sort (lua_State *L) { + int n = aux_getn(L, 1); + luaL_checkstack(L, 40, ""); /* assume array is smaller than 2^40 */ + if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) /* is there a 2nd argument? */ + luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION); + lua_settop(L, 2); /* make sure there is two arguments */ + auxsort(L, 1, n); + return 0; +} + +/* }====================================================== */ + + +static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = { + {"concat", tconcat}, + {"foreach", foreach}, + {"foreachi", foreachi}, + {"getn", getn}, + {"maxn", maxn}, + {"insert", tinsert}, + {"remove", tremove}, + {"setn", setn}, + {"sort", sort}, + {NULL, NULL} +}; + + +LUALIB_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) { + luaL_register(L, LUA_TABLIBNAME, tab_funcs); + return 1; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltm.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltm.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c27f0f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltm.c @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +/* +** $Id: ltm.c,v 2.8.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Tag methods +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <string.h> + +#define ltm_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" +#include "ltm.h" + + + +const char *const luaT_typenames[] = { + "nil", "boolean", "userdata", "number", + "string", "table", "function", "userdata", "thread", + "proto", "upval" +}; + + +void luaT_init (lua_State *L) { + static const char *const luaT_eventname[] = { /* ORDER TM */ + "__index", "__newindex", + "__gc", "__mode", "__eq", + "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__div", "__mod", + "__pow", "__unm", "__len", "__lt", "__le", + "__concat", "__call" + }; + int i; + for (i=0; i<TM_N; i++) { + G(L)->tmname[i] = luaS_new(L, luaT_eventname[i]); + luaS_fix(G(L)->tmname[i]); /* never collect these names */ + } +} + + +/* +** function to be used with macro "fasttm": optimized for absence of +** tag methods +*/ +const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) { + const TValue *tm = luaH_getstr(events, ename); + lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ); + if (ttisnil(tm)) { /* no tag method? */ + events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event); /* cache this fact */ + return NULL; + } + else return tm; +} + + +const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) { + Table *mt; + switch (ttype(o)) { + case LUA_TTABLE: + mt = hvalue(o)->metatable; + break; + case LUA_TUSERDATA: + mt = uvalue(o)->metatable; + break; + default: + mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(o)]; + } + return (mt ? luaH_getstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : luaO_nilobject); +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltm.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltm.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64343b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/ltm.h @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +/* +** $Id: ltm.h,v 2.6.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Tag methods +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef ltm_h +#define ltm_h + + +#include "lobject.h" + + +/* +* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration, +* grep "ORDER TM" +*/ +typedef enum { + TM_INDEX, + TM_NEWINDEX, + TM_GC, + TM_MODE, + TM_EQ, /* last tag method with `fast' access */ + TM_ADD, + TM_SUB, + TM_MUL, + TM_DIV, + TM_MOD, + TM_POW, + TM_UNM, + TM_LEN, + TM_LT, + TM_LE, + TM_CONCAT, + TM_CALL, + TM_N /* number of elements in the enum */ +} TMS; + + + +#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \ + ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e])) + +#define fasttm(l,et,e) gfasttm(G(l), et, e) + +LUAI_DATA const char *const luaT_typenames[]; + + +LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename); +LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, + TMS event); +LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L); + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lua.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lua.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a46609 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lua.c @@ -0,0 +1,392 @@ +/* +** $Id: lua.c,v 1.160.1.2 2007/12/28 15:32:23 roberto Exp $ +** Lua stand-alone interpreter +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <signal.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define lua_c + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lauxlib.h" +#include "lualib.h" + + + +static lua_State *globalL = NULL; + +static const char *progname = LUA_PROGNAME; + + + +static void lstop (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) { + (void)ar; /* unused arg. */ + lua_sethook(L, NULL, 0, 0); + luaL_error(L, "interrupted!"); +} + + +static void laction (int i) { + signal(i, SIG_DFL); /* if another SIGINT happens before lstop, + terminate process (default action) */ + lua_sethook(globalL, lstop, LUA_MASKCALL | LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKCOUNT, 1); +} + + +static void print_usage (void) { + fprintf(stderr, + "usage: %s [options] [script [args]].\n" + "Available options are:\n" + " -e stat execute string " LUA_QL("stat") "\n" + " -l name require library " LUA_QL("name") "\n" + " -i enter interactive mode after executing " LUA_QL("script") "\n" + " -v show version information\n" + " -- stop handling options\n" + " - execute stdin and stop handling options\n" + , + progname); + fflush(stderr); +} + + +static void l_message (const char *pname, const char *msg) { + if (pname) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", pname); + fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg); + fflush(stderr); +} + + +static int report (lua_State *L, int status) { + if (status && !lua_isnil(L, -1)) { + const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1); + if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error object is not a string)"; + l_message(progname, msg); + lua_pop(L, 1); + } + return status; +} + + +static int traceback (lua_State *L) { + if (!lua_isstring(L, 1)) /* 'message' not a string? */ + return 1; /* keep it intact */ + lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "debug"); + if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { + lua_pop(L, 1); + return 1; + } + lua_getfield(L, -1, "traceback"); + if (!lua_isfunction(L, -1)) { + lua_pop(L, 2); + return 1; + } + lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* pass error message */ + lua_pushinteger(L, 2); /* skip this function and traceback */ + lua_call(L, 2, 1); /* call debug.traceback */ + return 1; +} + + +static int docall (lua_State *L, int narg, int clear) { + int status; + int base = lua_gettop(L) - narg; /* function index */ + lua_pushcfunction(L, traceback); /* push traceback function */ + lua_insert(L, base); /* put it under chunk and args */ + signal(SIGINT, laction); + status = lua_pcall(L, narg, (clear ? 0 : LUA_MULTRET), base); + signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL); + lua_remove(L, base); /* remove traceback function */ + /* force a complete garbage collection in case of errors */ + if (status != 0) lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOLLECT, 0); + return status; +} + + +static void print_version (void) { + l_message(NULL, LUA_RELEASE " " LUA_COPYRIGHT); +} + + +static int getargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) { + int narg; + int i; + int argc = 0; + while (argv[argc]) argc++; /* count total number of arguments */ + narg = argc - (n + 1); /* number of arguments to the script */ + luaL_checkstack(L, narg + 3, "too many arguments to script"); + for (i=n+1; i < argc; i++) + lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]); + lua_createtable(L, narg, n + 1); + for (i=0; i < argc; i++) { + lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]); + lua_rawseti(L, -2, i - n); + } + return narg; +} + + +static int dofile (lua_State *L, const char *name) { + int status = luaL_loadfile(L, name) || docall(L, 0, 1); + return report(L, status); +} + + +static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) { + int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), name) || docall(L, 0, 1); + return report(L, status); +} + + +static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, const char *name) { + lua_getglobal(L, "require"); + lua_pushstring(L, name); + return report(L, docall(L, 1, 1)); +} + + +static const char *get_prompt (lua_State *L, int firstline) { + const char *p; + lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, firstline ? "_PROMPT" : "_PROMPT2"); + p = lua_tostring(L, -1); + if (p == NULL) p = (firstline ? LUA_PROMPT : LUA_PROMPT2); + lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove global */ + return p; +} + + +static int incomplete (lua_State *L, int status) { + if (status == LUA_ERRSYNTAX) { + size_t lmsg; + const char *msg = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &lmsg); + const char *tp = msg + lmsg - (sizeof(LUA_QL("<eof>")) - 1); + if (strstr(msg, LUA_QL("<eof>")) == tp) { + lua_pop(L, 1); + return 1; + } + } + return 0; /* else... */ +} + + +static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) { + char buffer[LUA_MAXINPUT]; + char *b = buffer; + size_t l; + const char *prmt = get_prompt(L, firstline); + if (lua_readline(L, b, prmt) == 0) + return 0; /* no input */ + l = strlen(b); + if (l > 0 && b[l-1] == '\n') /* line ends with newline? */ + b[l-1] = '\0'; /* remove it */ + if (firstline && b[0] == '=') /* first line starts with `=' ? */ + lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s", b+1); /* change it to `return' */ + else + lua_pushstring(L, b); + lua_freeline(L, b); + return 1; +} + + +static int loadline (lua_State *L) { + int status; + lua_settop(L, 0); + if (!pushline(L, 1)) + return -1; /* no input */ + for (;;) { /* repeat until gets a complete line */ + status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, lua_tostring(L, 1), lua_strlen(L, 1), "=stdin"); + if (!incomplete(L, status)) break; /* cannot try to add lines? */ + if (!pushline(L, 0)) /* no more input? */ + return -1; + lua_pushliteral(L, "\n"); /* add a new line... */ + lua_insert(L, -2); /* ...between the two lines */ + lua_concat(L, 3); /* join them */ + } + lua_saveline(L, 1); + lua_remove(L, 1); /* remove line */ + return status; +} + + +static void dotty (lua_State *L) { + int status; + const char *oldprogname = progname; + progname = NULL; + while ((status = loadline(L)) != -1) { + if (status == 0) status = docall(L, 0, 0); + report(L, status); + if (status == 0 && lua_gettop(L) > 0) { /* any result to print? */ + lua_getglobal(L, "print"); + lua_insert(L, 1); + if (lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L)-1, 0, 0) != 0) + l_message(progname, lua_pushfstring(L, + "error calling " LUA_QL("print") " (%s)", + lua_tostring(L, -1))); + } + } + lua_settop(L, 0); /* clear stack */ + fputs("\n", stdout); + fflush(stdout); + progname = oldprogname; +} + + +static int handle_script (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) { + int status; + const char *fname; + int narg = getargs(L, argv, n); /* collect arguments */ + lua_setglobal(L, "arg"); + fname = argv[n]; + if (strcmp(fname, "-") == 0 && strcmp(argv[n-1], "--") != 0) + fname = NULL; /* stdin */ + status = luaL_loadfile(L, fname); + lua_insert(L, -(narg+1)); + if (status == 0) + status = docall(L, narg, 0); + else + lua_pop(L, narg); + return report(L, status); +} + + +/* check that argument has no extra characters at the end */ +#define notail(x) {if ((x)[2] != '\0') return -1;} + + +static int collectargs (char **argv, int *pi, int *pv, int *pe) { + int i; + for (i = 1; argv[i] != NULL; i++) { + if (argv[i][0] != '-') /* not an option? */ + return i; + switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */ + case '-': + notail(argv[i]); + return (argv[i+1] != NULL ? i+1 : 0); + case '\0': + return i; + case 'i': + notail(argv[i]); + *pi = 1; /* go through */ + case 'v': + notail(argv[i]); + *pv = 1; + break; + case 'e': + *pe = 1; /* go through */ + case 'l': + if (argv[i][2] == '\0') { + i++; + if (argv[i] == NULL) return -1; + } + break; + default: return -1; /* invalid option */ + } + } + return 0; +} + + +static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) { + int i; + for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { + if (argv[i] == NULL) continue; + lua_assert(argv[i][0] == '-'); + switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */ + case 'e': { + const char *chunk = argv[i] + 2; + if (*chunk == '\0') chunk = argv[++i]; + lua_assert(chunk != NULL); + if (dostring(L, chunk, "=(command line)") != 0) + return 1; + break; + } + case 'l': { + const char *filename = argv[i] + 2; + if (*filename == '\0') filename = argv[++i]; + lua_assert(filename != NULL); + if (dolibrary(L, filename)) + return 1; /* stop if file fails */ + break; + } + default: break; + } + } + return 0; +} + + +static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) { + const char *init = getenv(LUA_INIT); + if (init == NULL) return 0; /* status OK */ + else if (init[0] == '@') + return dofile(L, init+1); + else + return dostring(L, init, "=" LUA_INIT); +} + + +struct Smain { + int argc; + char **argv; + int status; +}; + + +static int pmain (lua_State *L) { + struct Smain *s = (struct Smain *)lua_touserdata(L, 1); + char **argv = s->argv; + int script; + int has_i = 0, has_v = 0, has_e = 0; + globalL = L; + if (argv[0] && argv[0][0]) progname = argv[0]; + lua_gc(L, LUA_GCSTOP, 0); /* stop collector during initialization */ + luaL_openlibs(L); /* open libraries */ + lua_gc(L, LUA_GCRESTART, 0); + s->status = handle_luainit(L); + if (s->status != 0) return 0; + script = collectargs(argv, &has_i, &has_v, &has_e); + if (script < 0) { /* invalid args? */ + print_usage(); + s->status = 1; + return 0; + } + if (has_v) print_version(); + s->status = runargs(L, argv, (script > 0) ? script : s->argc); + if (s->status != 0) return 0; + if (script) + s->status = handle_script(L, argv, script); + if (s->status != 0) return 0; + if (has_i) + dotty(L); + else if (script == 0 && !has_e && !has_v) { + if (lua_stdin_is_tty()) { + print_version(); + dotty(L); + } + else dofile(L, NULL); /* executes stdin as a file */ + } + return 0; +} + + +int main (int argc, char **argv) { + int status; + struct Smain s; + lua_State *L = lua_open(); /* create state */ + if (L == NULL) { + l_message(argv[0], "cannot create state: not enough memory"); + return EXIT_FAILURE; + } + s.argc = argc; + s.argv = argv; + status = lua_cpcall(L, &pmain, &s); + report(L, status); + lua_close(L); + return (status || s.status) ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS; +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lua.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lua.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4b73e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lua.h @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +/* +** $Id: lua.h,v 1.218.1.7 2012/01/13 20:36:20 roberto Exp $ +** Lua - An Extensible Extension Language +** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org) +** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file +*/ + + +#ifndef lua_h +#define lua_h + +#include <stdarg.h> +#include <stddef.h> + + +#include "luaconf.h" + + +#define LUA_VERSION "Lua 5.1" +#define LUA_RELEASE "Lua 5.1.5" +#define LUA_VERSION_NUM 501 +#define LUA_COPYRIGHT "Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio" +#define LUA_AUTHORS "R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo & W. Celes" + + +/* mark for precompiled code (`<esc>Lua') */ +#define LUA_SIGNATURE "\033Lua" + +/* option for multiple returns in `lua_pcall' and `lua_call' */ +#define LUA_MULTRET (-1) + + +/* +** pseudo-indices +*/ +#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX (-10000) +#define LUA_ENVIRONINDEX (-10001) +#define LUA_GLOBALSINDEX (-10002) +#define lua_upvalueindex(i) (LUA_GLOBALSINDEX-(i)) + + +/* thread status; 0 is OK */ +#define LUA_YIELD 1 +#define LUA_ERRRUN 2 +#define LUA_ERRSYNTAX 3 +#define LUA_ERRMEM 4 +#define LUA_ERRERR 5 + + +typedef struct lua_State lua_State; + +typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L); + + +/* +** functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks +*/ +typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz); + +typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void* p, size_t sz, void* ud); + + +/* +** prototype for memory-allocation functions +*/ +typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize); + + +/* +** basic types +*/ +#define LUA_TNONE (-1) + +#define LUA_TNIL 0 +#define LUA_TBOOLEAN 1 +#define LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA 2 +#define LUA_TNUMBER 3 +#define LUA_TSTRING 4 +#define LUA_TTABLE 5 +#define LUA_TFUNCTION 6 +#define LUA_TUSERDATA 7 +#define LUA_TTHREAD 8 + + + +/* minimum Lua stack available to a C function */ +#define LUA_MINSTACK 20 + + +/* +** generic extra include file +*/ +#if defined(LUA_USER_H) +#include LUA_USER_H +#endif + + +/* type of numbers in Lua */ +typedef LUA_NUMBER lua_Number; + + +/* type for integer functions */ +typedef LUA_INTEGER lua_Integer; + + + +/* +** state manipulation +*/ +LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud); +LUA_API void (lua_close) (lua_State *L); +LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L); + +LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf); + + +/* +** basic stack manipulation +*/ +LUA_API int (lua_gettop) (lua_State *L); +LUA_API void (lua_settop) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void (lua_pushvalue) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void (lua_remove) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void (lua_insert) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void (lua_replace) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API int (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz); + +LUA_API void (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n); + + +/* +** access functions (stack -> C) +*/ + +LUA_API int (lua_isnumber) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API int (lua_isstring) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API int (lua_iscfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API int (lua_isuserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API int (lua_type) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API const char *(lua_typename) (lua_State *L, int tp); + +LUA_API int (lua_equal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2); +LUA_API int (lua_rawequal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2); +LUA_API int (lua_lessthan) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2); + +LUA_API lua_Number (lua_tonumber) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API lua_Integer (lua_tointeger) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API int (lua_toboolean) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API const char *(lua_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len); +LUA_API size_t (lua_objlen) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_tocfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void *(lua_touserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API lua_State *(lua_tothread) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API const void *(lua_topointer) (lua_State *L, int idx); + + +/* +** push functions (C -> stack) +*/ +LUA_API void (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L); +LUA_API void (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n); +LUA_API void (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n); +LUA_API void (lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t l); +LUA_API void (lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s); +LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, + va_list argp); +LUA_API const char *(lua_pushfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...); +LUA_API void (lua_pushcclosure) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n); +LUA_API void (lua_pushboolean) (lua_State *L, int b); +LUA_API void (lua_pushlightuserdata) (lua_State *L, void *p); +LUA_API int (lua_pushthread) (lua_State *L); + + +/* +** get functions (Lua -> stack) +*/ +LUA_API void (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k); +LUA_API void (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n); +LUA_API void (lua_createtable) (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec); +LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdata) (lua_State *L, size_t sz); +LUA_API int (lua_getmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex); +LUA_API void (lua_getfenv) (lua_State *L, int idx); + + +/* +** set functions (stack -> Lua) +*/ +LUA_API void (lua_settable) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void (lua_setfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k); +LUA_API void (lua_rawset) (lua_State *L, int idx); +LUA_API void (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n); +LUA_API int (lua_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex); +LUA_API int (lua_setfenv) (lua_State *L, int idx); + + +/* +** `load' and `call' functions (load and run Lua code) +*/ +LUA_API void (lua_call) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults); +LUA_API int (lua_pcall) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc); +LUA_API int (lua_cpcall) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud); +LUA_API int (lua_load) (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt, + const char *chunkname); + +LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data); + + +/* +** coroutine functions +*/ +LUA_API int (lua_yield) (lua_State *L, int nresults); +LUA_API int (lua_resume) (lua_State *L, int narg); +LUA_API int (lua_status) (lua_State *L); + +/* +** garbage-collection function and options +*/ + +#define LUA_GCSTOP 0 +#define LUA_GCRESTART 1 +#define LUA_GCCOLLECT 2 +#define LUA_GCCOUNT 3 +#define LUA_GCCOUNTB 4 +#define LUA_GCSTEP 5 +#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE 6 +#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL 7 + +LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, int data); + + +/* +** miscellaneous functions +*/ + +LUA_API int (lua_error) (lua_State *L); + +LUA_API int (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx); + +LUA_API void (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n); + +LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud); +LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud); + + + +/* +** =============================================================== +** some useful macros +** =============================================================== +*/ + +#define lua_pop(L,n) lua_settop(L, -(n)-1) + +#define lua_newtable(L) lua_createtable(L, 0, 0) + +#define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), lua_setglobal(L, (n))) + +#define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L, (f), 0) + +#define lua_strlen(L,i) lua_objlen(L, (i)) + +#define lua_isfunction(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TFUNCTION) +#define lua_istable(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTABLE) +#define lua_islightuserdata(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA) +#define lua_isnil(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNIL) +#define lua_isboolean(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TBOOLEAN) +#define lua_isthread(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTHREAD) +#define lua_isnone(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNONE) +#define lua_isnoneornil(L, n) (lua_type(L, (n)) <= 0) + +#define lua_pushliteral(L, s) \ + lua_pushlstring(L, "" s, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1) + +#define lua_setglobal(L,s) lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, (s)) +#define lua_getglobal(L,s) lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, (s)) + +#define lua_tostring(L,i) lua_tolstring(L, (i), NULL) + + + +/* +** compatibility macros and functions +*/ + +#define lua_open() luaL_newstate() + +#define lua_getregistry(L) lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) + +#define lua_getgccount(L) lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNT, 0) + +#define lua_Chunkreader lua_Reader +#define lua_Chunkwriter lua_Writer + + +/* hack */ +LUA_API void lua_setlevel (lua_State *from, lua_State *to); + + +/* +** {====================================================================== +** Debug API +** ======================================================================= +*/ + + +/* +** Event codes +*/ +#define LUA_HOOKCALL 0 +#define LUA_HOOKRET 1 +#define LUA_HOOKLINE 2 +#define LUA_HOOKCOUNT 3 +#define LUA_HOOKTAILRET 4 + + +/* +** Event masks +*/ +#define LUA_MASKCALL (1 << LUA_HOOKCALL) +#define LUA_MASKRET (1 << LUA_HOOKRET) +#define LUA_MASKLINE (1 << LUA_HOOKLINE) +#define LUA_MASKCOUNT (1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT) + +typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug; /* activation record */ + + +/* Functions to be called by the debuger in specific events */ +typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar); + + +LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar); +LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar); +LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n); +LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n); +LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n); +LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n); + +LUA_API int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count); +LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L); +LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L); +LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L); + + +struct lua_Debug { + int event; + const char *name; /* (n) */ + const char *namewhat; /* (n) `global', `local', `field', `method' */ + const char *what; /* (S) `Lua', `C', `main', `tail' */ + const char *source; /* (S) */ + int currentline; /* (l) */ + int nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */ + int linedefined; /* (S) */ + int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */ + char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */ + /* private part */ + int i_ci; /* active function */ +}; + +/* }====================================================================== */ + + +/****************************************************************************** +* Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. All rights reserved. +* +* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining +* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the +* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including +* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, +* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to +* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to +* the following conditions: +* +* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be +* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. +* +* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, +* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF +* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. +* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY +* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, +* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE +* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. +******************************************************************************/ + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/luac.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/luac.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d070173 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/luac.c @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +/* +** $Id: luac.c,v 1.54 2006/06/02 17:37:11 lhf Exp $ +** Lua compiler (saves bytecodes to files; also list bytecodes) +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#include <errno.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define luac_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" +#include "lauxlib.h" + +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lopcodes.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "lundump.h" + +#define PROGNAME "luac" /* default program name */ +#define OUTPUT PROGNAME ".out" /* default output file */ + +static int listing=0; /* list bytecodes? */ +static int dumping=1; /* dump bytecodes? */ +static int stripping=0; /* strip debug information? */ +static char Output[]={ OUTPUT }; /* default output file name */ +static const char* output=Output; /* actual output file name */ +static const char* progname=PROGNAME; /* actual program name */ + +static void fatal(const char* message) +{ + fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); +} + +static void cannot(const char* what) +{ + fprintf(stderr,"%s: cannot %s %s: %s\n",progname,what,output,strerror(errno)); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); +} + +static void usage(const char* message) +{ + if (*message=='-') + fprintf(stderr,"%s: unrecognized option " LUA_QS "\n",progname,message); + else + fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message); + fprintf(stderr, + "usage: %s [options] [filenames].\n" + "Available options are:\n" + " - process stdin\n" + " -l list\n" + " -o name output to file " LUA_QL("name") " (default is \"%s\")\n" + " -p parse only\n" + " -s strip debug information\n" + " -v show version information\n" + " -- stop handling options\n", + progname,Output); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); +} + +#define IS(s) (strcmp(argv[i],s)==0) + +static int doargs(int argc, char* argv[]) +{ + int i; + int version=0; + if (argv[0]!=NULL && *argv[0]!=0) progname=argv[0]; + for (i=1; i<argc; i++) + { + if (*argv[i]!='-') /* end of options; keep it */ + break; + else if (IS("--")) /* end of options; skip it */ + { + ++i; + if (version) ++version; + break; + } + else if (IS("-")) /* end of options; use stdin */ + break; + else if (IS("-l")) /* list */ + ++listing; + else if (IS("-o")) /* output file */ + { + output=argv[++i]; + if (output==NULL || *output==0) usage(LUA_QL("-o") " needs argument"); + if (IS("-")) output=NULL; + } + else if (IS("-p")) /* parse only */ + dumping=0; + else if (IS("-s")) /* strip debug information */ + stripping=1; + else if (IS("-v")) /* show version */ + ++version; + else /* unknown option */ + usage(argv[i]); + } + if (i==argc && (listing || !dumping)) + { + dumping=0; + argv[--i]=Output; + } + if (version) + { + printf("%s %s\n",LUA_RELEASE,LUA_COPYRIGHT); + if (version==argc-1) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); + } + return i; +} + +#define toproto(L,i) (clvalue(L->top+(i))->l.p) + +static const Proto* combine(lua_State* L, int n) +{ + if (n==1) + return toproto(L,-1); + else + { + int i,pc; + Proto* f=luaF_newproto(L); + setptvalue2s(L,L->top,f); incr_top(L); + f->source=luaS_newliteral(L,"=(" PROGNAME ")"); + f->maxstacksize=1; + pc=2*n+1; + f->code=luaM_newvector(L,pc,Instruction); + f->sizecode=pc; + f->p=luaM_newvector(L,n,Proto*); + f->sizep=n; + pc=0; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + f->p[i]=toproto(L,i-n-1); + f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABx(OP_CLOSURE,0,i); + f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABC(OP_CALL,0,1,1); + } + f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABC(OP_RETURN,0,1,0); + return f; + } +} + +static int writer(lua_State* L, const void* p, size_t size, void* u) +{ + UNUSED(L); + return (fwrite(p,size,1,(FILE*)u)!=1) && (size!=0); +} + +struct Smain { + int argc; + char** argv; +}; + +static int pmain(lua_State* L) +{ + struct Smain* s = (struct Smain*)lua_touserdata(L, 1); + int argc=s->argc; + char** argv=s->argv; + const Proto* f; + int i; + if (!lua_checkstack(L,argc)) fatal("too many input files"); + for (i=0; i<argc; i++) + { + const char* filename=IS("-") ? NULL : argv[i]; + if (luaL_loadfile(L,filename)!=0) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1)); + } + f=combine(L,argc); + if (listing) luaU_print(f,listing>1); + if (dumping) + { + FILE* D= (output==NULL) ? stdout : fopen(output,"wb"); + if (D==NULL) cannot("open"); + lua_lock(L); + luaU_dump(L,f,writer,D,stripping); + lua_unlock(L); + if (ferror(D)) cannot("write"); + if (fclose(D)) cannot("close"); + } + return 0; +} + +int main(int argc, char* argv[]) +{ + lua_State* L; + struct Smain s; + int i=doargs(argc,argv); + argc-=i; argv+=i; + if (argc<=0) usage("no input files given"); + L=lua_open(); + if (L==NULL) fatal("not enough memory for state"); + s.argc=argc; + s.argv=argv; + if (lua_cpcall(L,pmain,&s)!=0) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1)); + lua_close(L); + return EXIT_SUCCESS; +} diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/luaconf.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/luaconf.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2cb261 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/luaconf.h @@ -0,0 +1,763 @@ +/* +** $Id: luaconf.h,v 1.82.1.7 2008/02/11 16:25:08 roberto Exp $ +** Configuration file for Lua +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#ifndef lconfig_h +#define lconfig_h + +#include <limits.h> +#include <stddef.h> + + +/* +** ================================================================== +** Search for "@@" to find all configurable definitions. +** =================================================================== +*/ + + +/* +@@ LUA_ANSI controls the use of non-ansi features. +** CHANGE it (define it) if you want Lua to avoid the use of any +** non-ansi feature or library. +*/ +#if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) +#define LUA_ANSI +#endif + + +#if !defined(LUA_ANSI) && defined(_WIN32) +#define LUA_WIN +#endif + +#if defined(LUA_USE_LINUX) +#define LUA_USE_POSIX +#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN /* needs an extra library: -ldl */ +#define LUA_USE_READLINE /* needs some extra libraries */ +#endif + +#if defined(LUA_USE_MACOSX) +#define LUA_USE_POSIX +#define LUA_DL_DYLD /* does not need extra library */ +#endif + + + +/* +@@ LUA_USE_POSIX includes all functionallity listed as X/Open System +@* Interfaces Extension (XSI). +** CHANGE it (define it) if your system is XSI compatible. +*/ +#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX) +#define LUA_USE_MKSTEMP +#define LUA_USE_ISATTY +#define LUA_USE_POPEN +#define LUA_USE_ULONGJMP +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUA_PATH and LUA_CPATH are the names of the environment variables that +@* Lua check to set its paths. +@@ LUA_INIT is the name of the environment variable that Lua +@* checks for initialization code. +** CHANGE them if you want different names. +*/ +#define LUA_PATH "LUA_PATH" +#define LUA_CPATH "LUA_CPATH" +#define LUA_INIT "LUA_INIT" + + +/* +@@ LUA_PATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for +@* Lua libraries. +@@ LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for +@* C libraries. +** CHANGE them if your machine has a non-conventional directory +** hierarchy or if you want to install your libraries in +** non-conventional directories. +*/ +#if defined(_WIN32) +/* +** In Windows, any exclamation mark ('!') in the path is replaced by the +** path of the directory of the executable file of the current process. +*/ +#define LUA_LDIR "!\\lua\\" +#define LUA_CDIR "!\\" +#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \ + ".\\?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?\\init.lua;" \ + LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?\\init.lua" +#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \ + ".\\?.dll;" LUA_CDIR"?.dll;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.dll" + +#else +#define LUA_ROOT "/usr/local/" +#define LUA_LDIR LUA_ROOT "share/lua/5.1/" +#define LUA_CDIR LUA_ROOT "lib/lua/5.1/" +#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \ + "./?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?/init.lua;" \ + LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?/init.lua" +#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \ + "./?.so;" LUA_CDIR"?.so;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.so" +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUA_DIRSEP is the directory separator (for submodules). +** CHANGE it if your machine does not use "/" as the directory separator +** and is not Windows. (On Windows Lua automatically uses "\".) +*/ +#if defined(_WIN32) +#define LUA_DIRSEP "\\" +#else +#define LUA_DIRSEP "/" +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUA_PATHSEP is the character that separates templates in a path. +@@ LUA_PATH_MARK is the string that marks the substitution points in a +@* template. +@@ LUA_EXECDIR in a Windows path is replaced by the executable's +@* directory. +@@ LUA_IGMARK is a mark to ignore all before it when bulding the +@* luaopen_ function name. +** CHANGE them if for some reason your system cannot use those +** characters. (E.g., if one of those characters is a common character +** in file/directory names.) Probably you do not need to change them. +*/ +#define LUA_PATHSEP ";" +#define LUA_PATH_MARK "?" +#define LUA_EXECDIR "!" +#define LUA_IGMARK "-" + + +/* +@@ LUA_INTEGER is the integral type used by lua_pushinteger/lua_tointeger. +** CHANGE that if ptrdiff_t is not adequate on your machine. (On most +** machines, ptrdiff_t gives a good choice between int or long.) +*/ +#define LUA_INTEGER ptrdiff_t + + +/* +@@ LUA_API is a mark for all core API functions. +@@ LUALIB_API is a mark for all standard library functions. +** CHANGE them if you need to define those functions in some special way. +** For instance, if you want to create one Windows DLL with the core and +** the libraries, you may want to use the following definition (define +** LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL to get it). +*/ +#if defined(LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL) + +#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB) +#define LUA_API __declspec(dllexport) +#else +#define LUA_API __declspec(dllimport) +#endif + +#else + +#define LUA_API extern + +#endif + +/* more often than not the libs go together with the core */ +#define LUALIB_API LUA_API + + +/* +@@ LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be +@* exported to outside modules. +@@ LUAI_DATA is a mark for all extern (const) variables that are not to +@* be exported to outside modules. +** CHANGE them if you need to mark them in some special way. Elf/gcc +** (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to optimize access +** when Lua is compiled as a shared library. +*/ +#if defined(luaall_c) +#define LUAI_FUNC static +#define LUAI_DATA /* empty */ + +#elif defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \ + defined(__ELF__) +#define LUAI_FUNC __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) extern +#define LUAI_DATA LUAI_FUNC + +#else +#define LUAI_FUNC extern +#define LUAI_DATA extern +#endif + + + +/* +@@ LUA_QL describes how error messages quote program elements. +** CHANGE it if you want a different appearance. +*/ +#define LUA_QL(x) "'" x "'" +#define LUA_QS LUA_QL("%s") + + +/* +@@ LUA_IDSIZE gives the maximum size for the description of the source +@* of a function in debug information. +** CHANGE it if you want a different size. +*/ +#define LUA_IDSIZE 60 + + +/* +** {================================================================== +** Stand-alone configuration +** =================================================================== +*/ + +#if defined(lua_c) || defined(luaall_c) + +/* +@@ lua_stdin_is_tty detects whether the standard input is a 'tty' (that +@* is, whether we're running lua interactively). +** CHANGE it if you have a better definition for non-POSIX/non-Windows +** systems. +*/ +#if defined(LUA_USE_ISATTY) +#include <unistd.h> +#define lua_stdin_is_tty() isatty(0) +#elif defined(LUA_WIN) +#include <io.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#define lua_stdin_is_tty() _isatty(_fileno(stdin)) +#else +#define lua_stdin_is_tty() 1 /* assume stdin is a tty */ +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUA_PROMPT is the default prompt used by stand-alone Lua. +@@ LUA_PROMPT2 is the default continuation prompt used by stand-alone Lua. +** CHANGE them if you want different prompts. (You can also change the +** prompts dynamically, assigning to globals _PROMPT/_PROMPT2.) +*/ +#define LUA_PROMPT "> " +#define LUA_PROMPT2 ">> " + + +/* +@@ LUA_PROGNAME is the default name for the stand-alone Lua program. +** CHANGE it if your stand-alone interpreter has a different name and +** your system is not able to detect that name automatically. +*/ +#define LUA_PROGNAME "lua" + + +/* +@@ LUA_MAXINPUT is the maximum length for an input line in the +@* stand-alone interpreter. +** CHANGE it if you need longer lines. +*/ +#define LUA_MAXINPUT 512 + + +/* +@@ lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from +@* the standard input. +@@ lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history". +@@ lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline. +** CHANGE them if you want to improve this functionality (e.g., by using +** GNU readline and history facilities). +*/ +#if defined(LUA_USE_READLINE) +#include <stdio.h> +#include <readline/readline.h> +#include <readline/history.h> +#define lua_readline(L,b,p) ((void)L, ((b)=readline(p)) != NULL) +#define lua_saveline(L,idx) \ + if (lua_strlen(L,idx) > 0) /* non-empty line? */ \ + add_history(lua_tostring(L, idx)); /* add it to history */ +#define lua_freeline(L,b) ((void)L, free(b)) +#else +#define lua_readline(L,b,p) \ + ((void)L, fputs(p, stdout), fflush(stdout), /* show prompt */ \ + fgets(b, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin) != NULL) /* get line */ +#define lua_saveline(L,idx) { (void)L; (void)idx; } +#define lua_freeline(L,b) { (void)L; (void)b; } +#endif + +#endif + +/* }================================================================== */ + + +/* +@@ LUAI_GCPAUSE defines the default pause between garbage-collector cycles +@* as a percentage. +** CHANGE it if you want the GC to run faster or slower (higher values +** mean larger pauses which mean slower collection.) You can also change +** this value dynamically. +*/ +#define LUAI_GCPAUSE 200 /* 200% (wait memory to double before next GC) */ + + +/* +@@ LUAI_GCMUL defines the default speed of garbage collection relative to +@* memory allocation as a percentage. +** CHANGE it if you want to change the granularity of the garbage +** collection. (Higher values mean coarser collections. 0 represents +** infinity, where each step performs a full collection.) You can also +** change this value dynamically. +*/ +#define LUAI_GCMUL 200 /* GC runs 'twice the speed' of memory allocation */ + + + +/* +@@ LUA_COMPAT_GETN controls compatibility with old getn behavior. +** CHANGE it (define it) if you want exact compatibility with the +** behavior of setn/getn in Lua 5.0. +*/ +#undef LUA_COMPAT_GETN + +/* +@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB controls compatibility about global loadlib. +** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you do not need a global 'loadlib' +** function (the function is still available as 'package.loadlib'). +*/ +#undef LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB + +/* +@@ LUA_COMPAT_VARARG controls compatibility with old vararg feature. +** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as your programs use only '...' to +** access vararg parameters (instead of the old 'arg' table). +*/ +#define LUA_COMPAT_VARARG + +/* +@@ LUA_COMPAT_MOD controls compatibility with old math.mod function. +** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as your programs use 'math.fmod' or +** the new '%' operator instead of 'math.mod'. +*/ +#define LUA_COMPAT_MOD + +/* +@@ LUA_COMPAT_LSTR controls compatibility with old long string nesting +@* facility. +** CHANGE it to 2 if you want the old behaviour, or undefine it to turn +** off the advisory error when nesting [[...]]. +*/ +#define LUA_COMPAT_LSTR 1 + +/* +@@ LUA_COMPAT_GFIND controls compatibility with old 'string.gfind' name. +** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you rename 'string.gfind' to +** 'string.gmatch'. +*/ +#define LUA_COMPAT_GFIND + +/* +@@ LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB controls compatibility with old 'luaL_openlib' +@* behavior. +** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you replace to 'luaL_register' +** your uses of 'luaL_openlib' +*/ +#define LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB + + + +/* +@@ luai_apicheck is the assert macro used by the Lua-C API. +** CHANGE luai_apicheck if you want Lua to perform some checks in the +** parameters it gets from API calls. This may slow down the interpreter +** a bit, but may be quite useful when debugging C code that interfaces +** with Lua. A useful redefinition is to use assert.h. +*/ +#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK) +#include <assert.h> +#define luai_apicheck(L,o) { (void)L; assert(o); } +#else +#define luai_apicheck(L,o) { (void)L; } +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUAI_BITSINT defines the number of bits in an int. +** CHANGE here if Lua cannot automatically detect the number of bits of +** your machine. Probably you do not need to change this. +*/ +/* avoid overflows in comparison */ +#if INT_MAX-20 < 32760 +#define LUAI_BITSINT 16 +#elif INT_MAX > 2147483640L +/* int has at least 32 bits */ +#define LUAI_BITSINT 32 +#else +#error "you must define LUA_BITSINT with number of bits in an integer" +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUAI_UINT32 is an unsigned integer with at least 32 bits. +@@ LUAI_INT32 is an signed integer with at least 32 bits. +@@ LUAI_UMEM is an unsigned integer big enough to count the total +@* memory used by Lua. +@@ LUAI_MEM is a signed integer big enough to count the total memory +@* used by Lua. +** CHANGE here if for some weird reason the default definitions are not +** good enough for your machine. (The definitions in the 'else' +** part always works, but may waste space on machines with 64-bit +** longs.) Probably you do not need to change this. +*/ +#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32 +#define LUAI_UINT32 unsigned int +#define LUAI_INT32 int +#define LUAI_MAXINT32 INT_MAX +#define LUAI_UMEM size_t +#define LUAI_MEM ptrdiff_t +#else +/* 16-bit ints */ +#define LUAI_UINT32 unsigned long +#define LUAI_INT32 long +#define LUAI_MAXINT32 LONG_MAX +#define LUAI_UMEM unsigned long +#define LUAI_MEM long +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUAI_MAXCALLS limits the number of nested calls. +** CHANGE it if you need really deep recursive calls. This limit is +** arbitrary; its only purpose is to stop infinite recursion before +** exhausting memory. +*/ +#define LUAI_MAXCALLS 20000 + + +/* +@@ LUAI_MAXCSTACK limits the number of Lua stack slots that a C function +@* can use. +** CHANGE it if you need lots of (Lua) stack space for your C +** functions. This limit is arbitrary; its only purpose is to stop C +** functions to consume unlimited stack space. (must be smaller than +** -LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) +*/ +#define LUAI_MAXCSTACK 8000 + + + +/* +** {================================================================== +** CHANGE (to smaller values) the following definitions if your system +** has a small C stack. (Or you may want to change them to larger +** values if your system has a large C stack and these limits are +** too rigid for you.) Some of these constants control the size of +** stack-allocated arrays used by the compiler or the interpreter, while +** others limit the maximum number of recursive calls that the compiler +** or the interpreter can perform. Values too large may cause a C stack +** overflow for some forms of deep constructs. +** =================================================================== +*/ + + +/* +@@ LUAI_MAXCCALLS is the maximum depth for nested C calls (short) and +@* syntactical nested non-terminals in a program. +*/ +#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS 200 + + +/* +@@ LUAI_MAXVARS is the maximum number of local variables per function +@* (must be smaller than 250). +*/ +#define LUAI_MAXVARS 200 + + +/* +@@ LUAI_MAXUPVALUES is the maximum number of upvalues per function +@* (must be smaller than 250). +*/ +#define LUAI_MAXUPVALUES 60 + + +/* +@@ LUAL_BUFFERSIZE is the buffer size used by the lauxlib buffer system. +*/ +#define LUAL_BUFFERSIZE BUFSIZ + +/* }================================================================== */ + + + + +/* +** {================================================================== +@@ LUA_NUMBER is the type of numbers in Lua. +** CHANGE the following definitions only if you want to build Lua +** with a number type different from double. You may also need to +** change lua_number2int & lua_number2integer. +** =================================================================== +*/ + +#define LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE +#define LUA_NUMBER double + +/* +@@ LUAI_UACNUMBER is the result of an 'usual argument conversion' +@* over a number. +*/ +#define LUAI_UACNUMBER double + + +/* +@@ LUA_NUMBER_SCAN is the format for reading numbers. +@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing numbers. +@@ lua_number2str converts a number to a string. +@@ LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR is maximum size of previous conversion. +@@ lua_str2number converts a string to a number. +*/ +#define LUA_NUMBER_SCAN "%lf" +#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT "%.14g" +#define lua_number2str(s,n) sprintf((s), LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (n)) +#define LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR 32 /* 16 digits, sign, point, and \0 */ +#define lua_str2number(s,p) strtod((s), (p)) + + +/* +@@ The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers. +*/ +#if defined(LUA_CORE) +#include <math.h> +#define luai_numadd(a,b) ((a)+(b)) +#define luai_numsub(a,b) ((a)-(b)) +#define luai_nummul(a,b) ((a)*(b)) +#define luai_numdiv(a,b) ((a)/(b)) +#define luai_nummod(a,b) ((a) - floor((a)/(b))*(b)) +#define luai_numpow(a,b) (pow(a,b)) +#define luai_numunm(a) (-(a)) +#define luai_numeq(a,b) ((a)==(b)) +#define luai_numlt(a,b) ((a)<(b)) +#define luai_numle(a,b) ((a)<=(b)) +#define luai_numisnan(a) (!luai_numeq((a), (a))) +#endif + + +/* +@@ lua_number2int is a macro to convert lua_Number to int. +@@ lua_number2integer is a macro to convert lua_Number to lua_Integer. +** CHANGE them if you know a faster way to convert a lua_Number to +** int (with any rounding method and without throwing errors) in your +** system. In Pentium machines, a naive typecast from double to int +** in C is extremely slow, so any alternative is worth trying. +*/ + +/* On a Pentium, resort to a trick */ +#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) && !defined(LUA_ANSI) && !defined(__SSE2__) && \ + (defined(__i386) || defined (_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)) + +/* On a Microsoft compiler, use assembler */ +#if defined(_MSC_VER) + +#define lua_number2int(i,d) __asm fld d __asm fistp i +#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int(i, n) + +/* the next trick should work on any Pentium, but sometimes clashes + with a DirectX idiosyncrasy */ +#else + +union luai_Cast { double l_d; long l_l; }; +#define lua_number2int(i,d) \ + { volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (d) + 6755399441055744.0; (i) = u.l_l; } +#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int(i, n) + +#endif + + +/* this option always works, but may be slow */ +#else +#define lua_number2int(i,d) ((i)=(int)(d)) +#define lua_number2integer(i,d) ((i)=(lua_Integer)(d)) + +#endif + +/* }================================================================== */ + + +/* +@@ LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T is a type that requires maximum alignment. +** CHANGE it if your system requires alignments larger than double. (For +** instance, if your system supports long doubles and they must be +** aligned in 16-byte boundaries, then you should add long double in the +** union.) Probably you do not need to change this. +*/ +#define LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T union { double u; void *s; long l; } + + +/* +@@ LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling. +** CHANGE them if you prefer to use longjmp/setjmp even with C++ +** or if want/don't to use _longjmp/_setjmp instead of regular +** longjmp/setjmp. By default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when +** compiling as C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them, +** and with longjmp/setjmp otherwise. +*/ +#if defined(__cplusplus) +/* C++ exceptions */ +#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) throw(c) +#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) try { a } catch(...) \ + { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; } +#define luai_jmpbuf int /* dummy variable */ + +#elif defined(LUA_USE_ULONGJMP) +/* in Unix, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */ +#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) _longjmp((c)->b, 1) +#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a } +#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf + +#else +/* default handling with long jumps */ +#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) longjmp((c)->b, 1) +#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a } +#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf + +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUA_MAXCAPTURES is the maximum number of captures that a pattern +@* can do during pattern-matching. +** CHANGE it if you need more captures. This limit is arbitrary. +*/ +#define LUA_MAXCAPTURES 32 + + +/* +@@ lua_tmpnam is the function that the OS library uses to create a +@* temporary name. +@@ LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE is the maximum size of a name created by lua_tmpnam. +** CHANGE them if you have an alternative to tmpnam (which is considered +** insecure) or if you want the original tmpnam anyway. By default, Lua +** uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where it uses mkstemp. +*/ +#if defined(loslib_c) || defined(luaall_c) + +#if defined(LUA_USE_MKSTEMP) +#include <unistd.h> +#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE 32 +#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \ + strcpy(b, "/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"); \ + e = mkstemp(b); \ + if (e != -1) close(e); \ + e = (e == -1); } + +#else +#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE L_tmpnam +#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); } +#endif + +#endif + + +/* +@@ lua_popen spawns a new process connected to the current one through +@* the file streams. +** CHANGE it if you have a way to implement it in your system. +*/ +#if defined(LUA_USE_POPEN) + +#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, fflush(NULL), popen(c,m)) +#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, (pclose(file) != -1)) + +#elif defined(LUA_WIN) + +#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, _popen(c,m)) +#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, (_pclose(file) != -1)) + +#else + +#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)((void)c, m), \ + luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("popen") " not supported"), (FILE*)0) +#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)((void)L, file), 0) + +#endif + +/* +@@ LUA_DL_* define which dynamic-library system Lua should use. +** CHANGE here if Lua has problems choosing the appropriate +** dynamic-library system for your platform (either Windows' DLL, Mac's +** dyld, or Unix's dlopen). If your system is some kind of Unix, there +** is a good chance that it has dlopen, so LUA_DL_DLOPEN will work for +** it. To use dlopen you also need to adapt the src/Makefile (probably +** adding -ldl to the linker options), so Lua does not select it +** automatically. (When you change the makefile to add -ldl, you must +** also add -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN.) +** If you do not want any kind of dynamic library, undefine all these +** options. +** By default, _WIN32 gets LUA_DL_DLL and MAC OS X gets LUA_DL_DYLD. +*/ +#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN) +#define LUA_DL_DLOPEN +#endif + +#if defined(LUA_WIN) +#define LUA_DL_DLL +#endif + + +/* +@@ LUAI_EXTRASPACE allows you to add user-specific data in a lua_State +@* (the data goes just *before* the lua_State pointer). +** CHANGE (define) this if you really need that. This value must be +** a multiple of the maximum alignment required for your machine. +*/ +#define LUAI_EXTRASPACE 0 + + +/* +@@ luai_userstate* allow user-specific actions on threads. +** CHANGE them if you defined LUAI_EXTRASPACE and need to do something +** extra when a thread is created/deleted/resumed/yielded. +*/ +#define luai_userstateopen(L) ((void)L) +#define luai_userstateclose(L) ((void)L) +#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1) ((void)L) +#define luai_userstatefree(L) ((void)L) +#define luai_userstateresume(L,n) ((void)L) +#define luai_userstateyield(L,n) ((void)L) + + +/* +@@ LUA_INTFRMLEN is the length modifier for integer conversions +@* in 'string.format'. +@@ LUA_INTFRM_T is the integer type correspoding to the previous length +@* modifier. +** CHANGE them if your system supports long long or does not support long. +*/ + +#if defined(LUA_USELONGLONG) + +#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "ll" +#define LUA_INTFRM_T long long + +#else + +#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "l" +#define LUA_INTFRM_T long + +#endif + + + +/* =================================================================== */ + +/* +** Local configuration. You can use this space to add your redefinitions +** without modifying the main part of the file. +*/ + + + +#endif + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lualib.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lualib.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..469417f --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lualib.h @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +/* +** $Id: lualib.h,v 1.36.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Lua standard libraries +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#ifndef lualib_h +#define lualib_h + +#include "lua.h" + + +/* Key to file-handle type */ +#define LUA_FILEHANDLE "FILE*" + + +#define LUA_COLIBNAME "coroutine" +LUALIB_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L); + +#define LUA_TABLIBNAME "table" +LUALIB_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L); + +#define LUA_IOLIBNAME "io" +LUALIB_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L); + +#define LUA_OSLIBNAME "os" +LUALIB_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L); + +#define LUA_STRLIBNAME "string" +LUALIB_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L); + +#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME "math" +LUALIB_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L); + +#define LUA_DBLIBNAME "debug" +LUALIB_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L); + +#define LUA_LOADLIBNAME "package" +LUALIB_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L); + + +/* open all previous libraries */ +LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L); + + + +#ifndef lua_assert +#define lua_assert(x) ((void)0) +#endif + + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lundump.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lundump.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8010a45 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lundump.c @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +/* +** $Id: lundump.c,v 2.7.1.4 2008/04/04 19:51:41 roberto Exp $ +** load precompiled Lua chunks +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#include <string.h> + +#define lundump_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "lundump.h" +#include "lzio.h" + +typedef struct { + lua_State* L; + ZIO* Z; + Mbuffer* b; + const char* name; +} LoadState; + +#ifdef LUAC_TRUST_BINARIES +#define IF(c,s) +#define error(S,s) +#else +#define IF(c,s) if (c) error(S,s) + +static void error(LoadState* S, const char* why) +{ + luaO_pushfstring(S->L,"%s: %s in precompiled chunk",S->name,why); + luaD_throw(S->L,LUA_ERRSYNTAX); +} +#endif + +#define LoadMem(S,b,n,size) LoadBlock(S,b,(n)*(size)) +#define LoadByte(S) (lu_byte)LoadChar(S) +#define LoadVar(S,x) LoadMem(S,&x,1,sizeof(x)) +#define LoadVector(S,b,n,size) LoadMem(S,b,n,size) + +static void LoadBlock(LoadState* S, void* b, size_t size) +{ + size_t r=luaZ_read(S->Z,b,size); + IF (r!=0, "unexpected end"); +} + +static int LoadChar(LoadState* S) +{ + char x; + LoadVar(S,x); + return x; +} + +static int LoadInt(LoadState* S) +{ + int x; + LoadVar(S,x); + IF (x<0, "bad integer"); + return x; +} + +static lua_Number LoadNumber(LoadState* S) +{ + lua_Number x; + LoadVar(S,x); + return x; +} + +static TString* LoadString(LoadState* S) +{ + size_t size; + LoadVar(S,size); + if (size==0) + return NULL; + else + { + char* s=luaZ_openspace(S->L,S->b,size); + LoadBlock(S,s,size); + return luaS_newlstr(S->L,s,size-1); /* remove trailing '\0' */ + } +} + +static void LoadCode(LoadState* S, Proto* f) +{ + int n=LoadInt(S); + f->code=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Instruction); + f->sizecode=n; + LoadVector(S,f->code,n,sizeof(Instruction)); +} + +static Proto* LoadFunction(LoadState* S, TString* p); + +static void LoadConstants(LoadState* S, Proto* f) +{ + int i,n; + n=LoadInt(S); + f->k=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TValue); + f->sizek=n; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) setnilvalue(&f->k[i]); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + TValue* o=&f->k[i]; + int t=LoadChar(S); + switch (t) + { + case LUA_TNIL: + setnilvalue(o); + break; + case LUA_TBOOLEAN: + setbvalue(o,LoadChar(S)!=0); + break; + case LUA_TNUMBER: + setnvalue(o,LoadNumber(S)); + break; + case LUA_TSTRING: + setsvalue2n(S->L,o,LoadString(S)); + break; + default: + error(S,"bad constant"); + break; + } + } + n=LoadInt(S); + f->p=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Proto*); + f->sizep=n; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=NULL; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=LoadFunction(S,f->source); +} + +static void LoadDebug(LoadState* S, Proto* f) +{ + int i,n; + n=LoadInt(S); + f->lineinfo=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,int); + f->sizelineinfo=n; + LoadVector(S,f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int)); + n=LoadInt(S); + f->locvars=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,LocVar); + f->sizelocvars=n; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->locvars[i].varname=NULL; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + f->locvars[i].varname=LoadString(S); + f->locvars[i].startpc=LoadInt(S); + f->locvars[i].endpc=LoadInt(S); + } + n=LoadInt(S); + f->upvalues=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TString*); + f->sizeupvalues=n; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i]=NULL; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i]=LoadString(S); +} + +static Proto* LoadFunction(LoadState* S, TString* p) +{ + Proto* f; + if (++S->L->nCcalls > LUAI_MAXCCALLS) error(S,"code too deep"); + f=luaF_newproto(S->L); + setptvalue2s(S->L,S->L->top,f); incr_top(S->L); + f->source=LoadString(S); if (f->source==NULL) f->source=p; + f->linedefined=LoadInt(S); + f->lastlinedefined=LoadInt(S); + f->nups=LoadByte(S); + f->numparams=LoadByte(S); + f->is_vararg=LoadByte(S); + f->maxstacksize=LoadByte(S); + LoadCode(S,f); + LoadConstants(S,f); + LoadDebug(S,f); + IF (!luaG_checkcode(f), "bad code"); + S->L->top--; + S->L->nCcalls--; + return f; +} + +static void LoadHeader(LoadState* S) +{ + char h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE]; + char s[LUAC_HEADERSIZE]; + luaU_header(h); + LoadBlock(S,s,LUAC_HEADERSIZE); + IF (memcmp(h,s,LUAC_HEADERSIZE)!=0, "bad header"); +} + +/* +** load precompiled chunk +*/ +Proto* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name) +{ + LoadState S; + if (*name=='@' || *name=='=') + S.name=name+1; + else if (*name==LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) + S.name="binary string"; + else + S.name=name; + S.L=L; + S.Z=Z; + S.b=buff; + LoadHeader(&S); + return LoadFunction(&S,luaS_newliteral(L,"=?")); +} + +/* +* make header +*/ +void luaU_header (char* h) +{ + int x=1; + memcpy(h,LUA_SIGNATURE,sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-1); + h+=sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-1; + *h++=(char)LUAC_VERSION; + *h++=(char)LUAC_FORMAT; + *h++=(char)*(char*)&x; /* endianness */ + *h++=(char)sizeof(int); + *h++=(char)sizeof(size_t); + *h++=(char)sizeof(Instruction); + *h++=(char)sizeof(lua_Number); + *h++=(char)(((lua_Number)0.5)==0); /* is lua_Number integral? */ +} diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lundump.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lundump.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c80189d --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lundump.h @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +/* +** $Id: lundump.h,v 1.37.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** load precompiled Lua chunks +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lundump_h +#define lundump_h + +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lzio.h" + +/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */ +LUAI_FUNC Proto* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name); + +/* make header; from lundump.c */ +LUAI_FUNC void luaU_header (char* h); + +/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */ +LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip); + +#ifdef luac_c +/* print one chunk; from print.c */ +LUAI_FUNC void luaU_print (const Proto* f, int full); +#endif + +/* for header of binary files -- this is Lua 5.1 */ +#define LUAC_VERSION 0x51 + +/* for header of binary files -- this is the official format */ +#define LUAC_FORMAT 0 + +/* size of header of binary files */ +#define LUAC_HEADERSIZE 12 + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lvm.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lvm.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0a0cd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lvm.c @@ -0,0 +1,767 @@ +/* +** $Id: lvm.c,v 2.63.1.5 2011/08/17 20:43:11 roberto Exp $ +** Lua virtual machine +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define lvm_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lfunc.h" +#include "lgc.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lopcodes.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lstring.h" +#include "ltable.h" +#include "ltm.h" +#include "lvm.h" + + + +/* limit for table tag-method chains (to avoid loops) */ +#define MAXTAGLOOP 100 + + +const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n) { + lua_Number num; + if (ttisnumber(obj)) return obj; + if (ttisstring(obj) && luaO_str2d(svalue(obj), &num)) { + setnvalue(n, num); + return n; + } + else + return NULL; +} + + +int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj) { + if (!ttisnumber(obj)) + return 0; + else { + char s[LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR]; + lua_Number n = nvalue(obj); + lua_number2str(s, n); + setsvalue2s(L, obj, luaS_new(L, s)); + return 1; + } +} + + +static void traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc) { + lu_byte mask = L->hookmask; + const Instruction *oldpc = L->savedpc; + L->savedpc = pc; + if ((mask & LUA_MASKCOUNT) && L->hookcount == 0) { + resethookcount(L); + luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1); + } + if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) { + Proto *p = ci_func(L->ci)->l.p; + int npc = pcRel(pc, p); + int newline = getline(p, npc); + /* call linehook when enter a new function, when jump back (loop), + or when enter a new line */ + if (npc == 0 || pc <= oldpc || newline != getline(p, pcRel(oldpc, p))) + luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline); + } +} + + +static void callTMres (lua_State *L, StkId res, const TValue *f, + const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) { + ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, res); + setobj2s(L, L->top, f); /* push function */ + setobj2s(L, L->top+1, p1); /* 1st argument */ + setobj2s(L, L->top+2, p2); /* 2nd argument */ + luaD_checkstack(L, 3); + L->top += 3; + luaD_call(L, L->top - 3, 1); + res = restorestack(L, result); + L->top--; + setobjs2s(L, res, L->top); +} + + + +static void callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1, + const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3) { + setobj2s(L, L->top, f); /* push function */ + setobj2s(L, L->top+1, p1); /* 1st argument */ + setobj2s(L, L->top+2, p2); /* 2nd argument */ + setobj2s(L, L->top+3, p3); /* 3th argument */ + luaD_checkstack(L, 4); + L->top += 4; + luaD_call(L, L->top - 4, 0); +} + + +void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) { + int loop; + for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) { + const TValue *tm; + if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */ + Table *h = hvalue(t); + const TValue *res = luaH_get(h, key); /* do a primitive get */ + if (!ttisnil(res) || /* result is no nil? */ + (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_INDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */ + setobj2s(L, val, res); + return; + } + /* else will try the tag method */ + } + else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_INDEX))) + luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index"); + if (ttisfunction(tm)) { + callTMres(L, val, tm, t, key); + return; + } + t = tm; /* else repeat with `tm' */ + } + luaG_runerror(L, "loop in gettable"); +} + + +void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) { + int loop; + TValue temp; + for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) { + const TValue *tm; + if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */ + Table *h = hvalue(t); + TValue *oldval = luaH_set(L, h, key); /* do a primitive set */ + if (!ttisnil(oldval) || /* result is no nil? */ + (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */ + setobj2t(L, oldval, val); + h->flags = 0; + luaC_barriert(L, h, val); + return; + } + /* else will try the tag method */ + } + else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_NEWINDEX))) + luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index"); + if (ttisfunction(tm)) { + callTM(L, tm, t, key, val); + return; + } + /* else repeat with `tm' */ + setobj(L, &temp, tm); /* avoid pointing inside table (may rehash) */ + t = &temp; + } + luaG_runerror(L, "loop in settable"); +} + + +static int call_binTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2, + StkId res, TMS event) { + const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event); /* try first operand */ + if (ttisnil(tm)) + tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event); /* try second operand */ + if (ttisnil(tm)) return 0; + callTMres(L, res, tm, p1, p2); + return 1; +} + + +static const TValue *get_compTM (lua_State *L, Table *mt1, Table *mt2, + TMS event) { + const TValue *tm1 = fasttm(L, mt1, event); + const TValue *tm2; + if (tm1 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */ + if (mt1 == mt2) return tm1; /* same metatables => same metamethods */ + tm2 = fasttm(L, mt2, event); + if (tm2 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */ + if (luaO_rawequalObj(tm1, tm2)) /* same metamethods? */ + return tm1; + return NULL; +} + + +static int call_orderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2, + TMS event) { + const TValue *tm1 = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event); + const TValue *tm2; + if (ttisnil(tm1)) return -1; /* no metamethod? */ + tm2 = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event); + if (!luaO_rawequalObj(tm1, tm2)) /* different metamethods? */ + return -1; + callTMres(L, L->top, tm1, p1, p2); + return !l_isfalse(L->top); +} + + +static int l_strcmp (const TString *ls, const TString *rs) { + const char *l = getstr(ls); + size_t ll = ls->tsv.len; + const char *r = getstr(rs); + size_t lr = rs->tsv.len; + for (;;) { + int temp = strcoll(l, r); + if (temp != 0) return temp; + else { /* strings are equal up to a `\0' */ + size_t len = strlen(l); /* index of first `\0' in both strings */ + if (len == lr) /* r is finished? */ + return (len == ll) ? 0 : 1; + else if (len == ll) /* l is finished? */ + return -1; /* l is smaller than r (because r is not finished) */ + /* both strings longer than `len'; go on comparing (after the `\0') */ + len++; + l += len; ll -= len; r += len; lr -= len; + } + } +} + + +int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) { + int res; + if (ttype(l) != ttype(r)) + return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r); + else if (ttisnumber(l)) + return luai_numlt(nvalue(l), nvalue(r)); + else if (ttisstring(l)) + return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) < 0; + else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LT)) != -1) + return res; + return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r); +} + + +static int lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) { + int res; + if (ttype(l) != ttype(r)) + return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r); + else if (ttisnumber(l)) + return luai_numle(nvalue(l), nvalue(r)); + else if (ttisstring(l)) + return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) <= 0; + else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LE)) != -1) /* first try `le' */ + return res; + else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, r, l, TM_LT)) != -1) /* else try `lt' */ + return !res; + return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r); +} + + +int luaV_equalval (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) { + const TValue *tm; + lua_assert(ttype(t1) == ttype(t2)); + switch (ttype(t1)) { + case LUA_TNIL: return 1; + case LUA_TNUMBER: return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2)); + case LUA_TBOOLEAN: return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2); /* true must be 1 !! */ + case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2); + case LUA_TUSERDATA: { + if (uvalue(t1) == uvalue(t2)) return 1; + tm = get_compTM(L, uvalue(t1)->metatable, uvalue(t2)->metatable, + TM_EQ); + break; /* will try TM */ + } + case LUA_TTABLE: { + if (hvalue(t1) == hvalue(t2)) return 1; + tm = get_compTM(L, hvalue(t1)->metatable, hvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ); + break; /* will try TM */ + } + default: return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2); + } + if (tm == NULL) return 0; /* no TM? */ + callTMres(L, L->top, tm, t1, t2); /* call TM */ + return !l_isfalse(L->top); +} + + +void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total, int last) { + do { + StkId top = L->base + last + 1; + int n = 2; /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */ + if (!(ttisstring(top-2) || ttisnumber(top-2)) || !tostring(L, top-1)) { + if (!call_binTM(L, top-2, top-1, top-2, TM_CONCAT)) + luaG_concaterror(L, top-2, top-1); + } else if (tsvalue(top-1)->len == 0) /* second op is empty? */ + (void)tostring(L, top - 2); /* result is first op (as string) */ + else { + /* at least two string values; get as many as possible */ + size_t tl = tsvalue(top-1)->len; + char *buffer; + int i; + /* collect total length */ + for (n = 1; n < total && tostring(L, top-n-1); n++) { + size_t l = tsvalue(top-n-1)->len; + if (l >= MAX_SIZET - tl) luaG_runerror(L, "string length overflow"); + tl += l; + } + buffer = luaZ_openspace(L, &G(L)->buff, tl); + tl = 0; + for (i=n; i>0; i--) { /* concat all strings */ + size_t l = tsvalue(top-i)->len; + memcpy(buffer+tl, svalue(top-i), l); + tl += l; + } + setsvalue2s(L, top-n, luaS_newlstr(L, buffer, tl)); + } + total -= n-1; /* got `n' strings to create 1 new */ + last -= n-1; + } while (total > 1); /* repeat until only 1 result left */ +} + + +static void Arith (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb, + const TValue *rc, TMS op) { + TValue tempb, tempc; + const TValue *b, *c; + if ((b = luaV_tonumber(rb, &tempb)) != NULL && + (c = luaV_tonumber(rc, &tempc)) != NULL) { + lua_Number nb = nvalue(b), nc = nvalue(c); + switch (op) { + case TM_ADD: setnvalue(ra, luai_numadd(nb, nc)); break; + case TM_SUB: setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(nb, nc)); break; + case TM_MUL: setnvalue(ra, luai_nummul(nb, nc)); break; + case TM_DIV: setnvalue(ra, luai_numdiv(nb, nc)); break; + case TM_MOD: setnvalue(ra, luai_nummod(nb, nc)); break; + case TM_POW: setnvalue(ra, luai_numpow(nb, nc)); break; + case TM_UNM: setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(nb)); break; + default: lua_assert(0); break; + } + } + else if (!call_binTM(L, rb, rc, ra, op)) + luaG_aritherror(L, rb, rc); +} + + + +/* +** some macros for common tasks in `luaV_execute' +*/ + +#define runtime_check(L, c) { if (!(c)) break; } + +#define RA(i) (base+GETARG_A(i)) +/* to be used after possible stack reallocation */ +#define RB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_B(i)) +#define RC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_C(i)) +#define RKB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \ + ISK(GETARG_B(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_B(i)) : base+GETARG_B(i)) +#define RKC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \ + ISK(GETARG_C(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_C(i)) : base+GETARG_C(i)) +#define KBx(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, k+GETARG_Bx(i)) + + +#define dojump(L,pc,i) {(pc) += (i); luai_threadyield(L);} + + +#define Protect(x) { L->savedpc = pc; {x;}; base = L->base; } + + +#define arith_op(op,tm) { \ + TValue *rb = RKB(i); \ + TValue *rc = RKC(i); \ + if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc)) { \ + lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb), nc = nvalue(rc); \ + setnvalue(ra, op(nb, nc)); \ + } \ + else \ + Protect(Arith(L, ra, rb, rc, tm)); \ + } + + + +void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, int nexeccalls) { + LClosure *cl; + StkId base; + TValue *k; + const Instruction *pc; + reentry: /* entry point */ + lua_assert(isLua(L->ci)); + pc = L->savedpc; + cl = &clvalue(L->ci->func)->l; + base = L->base; + k = cl->p->k; + /* main loop of interpreter */ + for (;;) { + const Instruction i = *pc++; + StkId ra; + if ((L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT)) && + (--L->hookcount == 0 || L->hookmask & LUA_MASKLINE)) { + traceexec(L, pc); + if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) { /* did hook yield? */ + L->savedpc = pc - 1; + return; + } + base = L->base; + } + /* warning!! several calls may realloc the stack and invalidate `ra' */ + ra = RA(i); + lua_assert(base == L->base && L->base == L->ci->base); + lua_assert(base <= L->top && L->top <= L->stack + L->stacksize); + lua_assert(L->top == L->ci->top || luaG_checkopenop(i)); + switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) { + case OP_MOVE: { + setobjs2s(L, ra, RB(i)); + continue; + } + case OP_LOADK: { + setobj2s(L, ra, KBx(i)); + continue; + } + case OP_LOADBOOL: { + setbvalue(ra, GETARG_B(i)); + if (GETARG_C(i)) pc++; /* skip next instruction (if C) */ + continue; + } + case OP_LOADNIL: { + TValue *rb = RB(i); + do { + setnilvalue(rb--); + } while (rb >= ra); + continue; + } + case OP_GETUPVAL: { + int b = GETARG_B(i); + setobj2s(L, ra, cl->upvals[b]->v); + continue; + } + case OP_GETGLOBAL: { + TValue g; + TValue *rb = KBx(i); + sethvalue(L, &g, cl->env); + lua_assert(ttisstring(rb)); + Protect(luaV_gettable(L, &g, rb, ra)); + continue; + } + case OP_GETTABLE: { + Protect(luaV_gettable(L, RB(i), RKC(i), ra)); + continue; + } + case OP_SETGLOBAL: { + TValue g; + sethvalue(L, &g, cl->env); + lua_assert(ttisstring(KBx(i))); + Protect(luaV_settable(L, &g, KBx(i), ra)); + continue; + } + case OP_SETUPVAL: { + UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)]; + setobj(L, uv->v, ra); + luaC_barrier(L, uv, ra); + continue; + } + case OP_SETTABLE: { + Protect(luaV_settable(L, ra, RKB(i), RKC(i))); + continue; + } + case OP_NEWTABLE: { + int b = GETARG_B(i); + int c = GETARG_C(i); + sethvalue(L, ra, luaH_new(L, luaO_fb2int(b), luaO_fb2int(c))); + Protect(luaC_checkGC(L)); + continue; + } + case OP_SELF: { + StkId rb = RB(i); + setobjs2s(L, ra+1, rb); + Protect(luaV_gettable(L, rb, RKC(i), ra)); + continue; + } + case OP_ADD: { + arith_op(luai_numadd, TM_ADD); + continue; + } + case OP_SUB: { + arith_op(luai_numsub, TM_SUB); + continue; + } + case OP_MUL: { + arith_op(luai_nummul, TM_MUL); + continue; + } + case OP_DIV: { + arith_op(luai_numdiv, TM_DIV); + continue; + } + case OP_MOD: { + arith_op(luai_nummod, TM_MOD); + continue; + } + case OP_POW: { + arith_op(luai_numpow, TM_POW); + continue; + } + case OP_UNM: { + TValue *rb = RB(i); + if (ttisnumber(rb)) { + lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb); + setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(nb)); + } + else { + Protect(Arith(L, ra, rb, rb, TM_UNM)); + } + continue; + } + case OP_NOT: { + int res = l_isfalse(RB(i)); /* next assignment may change this value */ + setbvalue(ra, res); + continue; + } + case OP_LEN: { + const TValue *rb = RB(i); + switch (ttype(rb)) { + case LUA_TTABLE: { + setnvalue(ra, cast_num(luaH_getn(hvalue(rb)))); + break; + } + case LUA_TSTRING: { + setnvalue(ra, cast_num(tsvalue(rb)->len)); + break; + } + default: { /* try metamethod */ + Protect( + if (!call_binTM(L, rb, luaO_nilobject, ra, TM_LEN)) + luaG_typeerror(L, rb, "get length of"); + ) + } + } + continue; + } + case OP_CONCAT: { + int b = GETARG_B(i); + int c = GETARG_C(i); + Protect(luaV_concat(L, c-b+1, c); luaC_checkGC(L)); + setobjs2s(L, RA(i), base+b); + continue; + } + case OP_JMP: { + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i)); + continue; + } + case OP_EQ: { + TValue *rb = RKB(i); + TValue *rc = RKC(i); + Protect( + if (equalobj(L, rb, rc) == GETARG_A(i)) + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc)); + ) + pc++; + continue; + } + case OP_LT: { + Protect( + if (luaV_lessthan(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) == GETARG_A(i)) + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc)); + ) + pc++; + continue; + } + case OP_LE: { + Protect( + if (lessequal(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) == GETARG_A(i)) + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc)); + ) + pc++; + continue; + } + case OP_TEST: { + if (l_isfalse(ra) != GETARG_C(i)) + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc)); + pc++; + continue; + } + case OP_TESTSET: { + TValue *rb = RB(i); + if (l_isfalse(rb) != GETARG_C(i)) { + setobjs2s(L, ra, rb); + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc)); + } + pc++; + continue; + } + case OP_CALL: { + int b = GETARG_B(i); + int nresults = GETARG_C(i) - 1; + if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */ + L->savedpc = pc; + switch (luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults)) { + case PCRLUA: { + nexeccalls++; + goto reentry; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */ + } + case PCRC: { + /* it was a C function (`precall' called it); adjust results */ + if (nresults >= 0) L->top = L->ci->top; + base = L->base; + continue; + } + default: { + return; /* yield */ + } + } + } + case OP_TAILCALL: { + int b = GETARG_B(i); + if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */ + L->savedpc = pc; + lua_assert(GETARG_C(i) - 1 == LUA_MULTRET); + switch (luaD_precall(L, ra, LUA_MULTRET)) { + case PCRLUA: { + /* tail call: put new frame in place of previous one */ + CallInfo *ci = L->ci - 1; /* previous frame */ + int aux; + StkId func = ci->func; + StkId pfunc = (ci+1)->func; /* previous function index */ + if (L->openupval) luaF_close(L, ci->base); + L->base = ci->base = ci->func + ((ci+1)->base - pfunc); + for (aux = 0; pfunc+aux < L->top; aux++) /* move frame down */ + setobjs2s(L, func+aux, pfunc+aux); + ci->top = L->top = func+aux; /* correct top */ + lua_assert(L->top == L->base + clvalue(func)->l.p->maxstacksize); + ci->savedpc = L->savedpc; + ci->tailcalls++; /* one more call lost */ + L->ci--; /* remove new frame */ + goto reentry; + } + case PCRC: { /* it was a C function (`precall' called it) */ + base = L->base; + continue; + } + default: { + return; /* yield */ + } + } + } + case OP_RETURN: { + int b = GETARG_B(i); + if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b-1; + if (L->openupval) luaF_close(L, base); + L->savedpc = pc; + b = luaD_poscall(L, ra); + if (--nexeccalls == 0) /* was previous function running `here'? */ + return; /* no: return */ + else { /* yes: continue its execution */ + if (b) L->top = L->ci->top; + lua_assert(isLua(L->ci)); + lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((L->ci)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL); + goto reentry; + } + } + case OP_FORLOOP: { + lua_Number step = nvalue(ra+2); + lua_Number idx = luai_numadd(nvalue(ra), step); /* increment index */ + lua_Number limit = nvalue(ra+1); + if (luai_numlt(0, step) ? luai_numle(idx, limit) + : luai_numle(limit, idx)) { + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i)); /* jump back */ + setnvalue(ra, idx); /* update internal index... */ + setnvalue(ra+3, idx); /* ...and external index */ + } + continue; + } + case OP_FORPREP: { + const TValue *init = ra; + const TValue *plimit = ra+1; + const TValue *pstep = ra+2; + L->savedpc = pc; /* next steps may throw errors */ + if (!tonumber(init, ra)) + luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " initial value must be a number"); + else if (!tonumber(plimit, ra+1)) + luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " limit must be a number"); + else if (!tonumber(pstep, ra+2)) + luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " step must be a number"); + setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(nvalue(ra), nvalue(pstep))); + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i)); + continue; + } + case OP_TFORLOOP: { + StkId cb = ra + 3; /* call base */ + setobjs2s(L, cb+2, ra+2); + setobjs2s(L, cb+1, ra+1); + setobjs2s(L, cb, ra); + L->top = cb+3; /* func. + 2 args (state and index) */ + Protect(luaD_call(L, cb, GETARG_C(i))); + L->top = L->ci->top; + cb = RA(i) + 3; /* previous call may change the stack */ + if (!ttisnil(cb)) { /* continue loop? */ + setobjs2s(L, cb-1, cb); /* save control variable */ + dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc)); /* jump back */ + } + pc++; + continue; + } + case OP_SETLIST: { + int n = GETARG_B(i); + int c = GETARG_C(i); + int last; + Table *h; + if (n == 0) { + n = cast_int(L->top - ra) - 1; + L->top = L->ci->top; + } + if (c == 0) c = cast_int(*pc++); + runtime_check(L, ttistable(ra)); + h = hvalue(ra); + last = ((c-1)*LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) + n; + if (last > h->sizearray) /* needs more space? */ + luaH_resizearray(L, h, last); /* pre-alloc it at once */ + for (; n > 0; n--) { + TValue *val = ra+n; + setobj2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, h, last--), val); + luaC_barriert(L, h, val); + } + continue; + } + case OP_CLOSE: { + luaF_close(L, ra); + continue; + } + case OP_CLOSURE: { + Proto *p; + Closure *ncl; + int nup, j; + p = cl->p->p[GETARG_Bx(i)]; + nup = p->nups; + ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, nup, cl->env); + ncl->l.p = p; + for (j=0; j<nup; j++, pc++) { + if (GET_OPCODE(*pc) == OP_GETUPVAL) + ncl->l.upvals[j] = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(*pc)]; + else { + lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*pc) == OP_MOVE); + ncl->l.upvals[j] = luaF_findupval(L, base + GETARG_B(*pc)); + } + } + setclvalue(L, ra, ncl); + Protect(luaC_checkGC(L)); + continue; + } + case OP_VARARG: { + int b = GETARG_B(i) - 1; + int j; + CallInfo *ci = L->ci; + int n = cast_int(ci->base - ci->func) - cl->p->numparams - 1; + if (b == LUA_MULTRET) { + Protect(luaD_checkstack(L, n)); + ra = RA(i); /* previous call may change the stack */ + b = n; + L->top = ra + n; + } + for (j = 0; j < b; j++) { + if (j < n) { + setobjs2s(L, ra + j, ci->base - n + j); + } + else { + setnilvalue(ra + j); + } + } + continue; + } + } + } +} + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lvm.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lvm.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfe4f56 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lvm.h @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +/* +** $Id: lvm.h,v 2.5.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Lua virtual machine +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#ifndef lvm_h +#define lvm_h + + +#include "ldo.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "ltm.h" + + +#define tostring(L,o) ((ttype(o) == LUA_TSTRING) || (luaV_tostring(L, o))) + +#define tonumber(o,n) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNUMBER || \ + (((o) = luaV_tonumber(o,n)) != NULL)) + +#define equalobj(L,o1,o2) \ + (ttype(o1) == ttype(o2) && luaV_equalval(L, o1, o2)) + + +LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r); +LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalval (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2); +LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n); +LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj); +LUAI_FUNC void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, + StkId val); +LUAI_FUNC void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, + StkId val); +LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, int nexeccalls); +LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total, int last); + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lzio.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lzio.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..293edd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lzio.c @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +/* +** $Id: lzio.c,v 1.31.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** a generic input stream interface +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#include <string.h> + +#define lzio_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "llimits.h" +#include "lmem.h" +#include "lstate.h" +#include "lzio.h" + + +int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z) { + size_t size; + lua_State *L = z->L; + const char *buff; + lua_unlock(L); + buff = z->reader(L, z->data, &size); + lua_lock(L); + if (buff == NULL || size == 0) return EOZ; + z->n = size - 1; + z->p = buff; + return char2int(*(z->p++)); +} + + +int luaZ_lookahead (ZIO *z) { + if (z->n == 0) { + if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ) + return EOZ; + else { + z->n++; /* luaZ_fill removed first byte; put back it */ + z->p--; + } + } + return char2int(*z->p); +} + + +void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) { + z->L = L; + z->reader = reader; + z->data = data; + z->n = 0; + z->p = NULL; +} + + +/* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */ +size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) { + while (n) { + size_t m; + if (luaZ_lookahead(z) == EOZ) + return n; /* return number of missing bytes */ + m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n; /* min. between n and z->n */ + memcpy(b, z->p, m); + z->n -= m; + z->p += m; + b = (char *)b + m; + n -= m; + } + return 0; +} + +/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ +char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n) { + if (n > buff->buffsize) { + if (n < LUA_MINBUFFER) n = LUA_MINBUFFER; + luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, n); + } + return buff->buffer; +} + + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lzio.h b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lzio.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51d695d --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/lzio.h @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +/* +** $Id: lzio.h,v 1.21.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $ +** Buffered streams +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + + +#ifndef lzio_h +#define lzio_h + +#include "lua.h" + +#include "lmem.h" + + +#define EOZ (-1) /* end of stream */ + +typedef struct Zio ZIO; + +#define char2int(c) cast(int, cast(unsigned char, (c))) + +#define zgetc(z) (((z)->n--)>0 ? char2int(*(z)->p++) : luaZ_fill(z)) + +typedef struct Mbuffer { + char *buffer; + size_t n; + size_t buffsize; +} Mbuffer; + +#define luaZ_initbuffer(L, buff) ((buff)->buffer = NULL, (buff)->buffsize = 0) + +#define luaZ_buffer(buff) ((buff)->buffer) +#define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff) ((buff)->buffsize) +#define luaZ_bufflen(buff) ((buff)->n) + +#define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0) + + +#define luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, size) \ + (luaM_reallocvector(L, (buff)->buffer, (buff)->buffsize, size, char), \ + (buff)->buffsize = size) + +#define luaZ_freebuffer(L, buff) luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, 0) + + +LUAI_FUNC char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n); +LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, + void *data); +LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void* b, size_t n); /* read next n bytes */ +LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_lookahead (ZIO *z); + + + +/* --------- Private Part ------------------ */ + +struct Zio { + size_t n; /* bytes still unread */ + const char *p; /* current position in buffer */ + lua_Reader reader; + void* data; /* additional data */ + lua_State *L; /* Lua state (for reader) */ +}; + + +LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z); + +#endif diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/print.c b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/print.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e240cfc --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/src/print.c @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +/* +** $Id: print.c,v 1.55a 2006/05/31 13:30:05 lhf Exp $ +** print bytecodes +** See Copyright Notice in lua.h +*/ + +#include <ctype.h> +#include <stdio.h> + +#define luac_c +#define LUA_CORE + +#include "ldebug.h" +#include "lobject.h" +#include "lopcodes.h" +#include "lundump.h" + +#define PrintFunction luaU_print + +#define Sizeof(x) ((int)sizeof(x)) +#define VOID(p) ((const void*)(p)) + +static void PrintString(const TString* ts) +{ + const char* s=getstr(ts); + size_t i,n=ts->tsv.len; + putchar('"'); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + int c=s[i]; + switch (c) + { + case '"': printf("\\\""); break; + case '\\': printf("\\\\"); break; + case '\a': printf("\\a"); break; + case '\b': printf("\\b"); break; + case '\f': printf("\\f"); break; + case '\n': printf("\\n"); break; + case '\r': printf("\\r"); break; + case '\t': printf("\\t"); break; + case '\v': printf("\\v"); break; + default: if (isprint((unsigned char)c)) + putchar(c); + else + printf("\\%03u",(unsigned char)c); + } + } + putchar('"'); +} + +static void PrintConstant(const Proto* f, int i) +{ + const TValue* o=&f->k[i]; + switch (ttype(o)) + { + case LUA_TNIL: + printf("nil"); + break; + case LUA_TBOOLEAN: + printf(bvalue(o) ? "true" : "false"); + break; + case LUA_TNUMBER: + printf(LUA_NUMBER_FMT,nvalue(o)); + break; + case LUA_TSTRING: + PrintString(rawtsvalue(o)); + break; + default: /* cannot happen */ + printf("? type=%d",ttype(o)); + break; + } +} + +static void PrintCode(const Proto* f) +{ + const Instruction* code=f->code; + int pc,n=f->sizecode; + for (pc=0; pc<n; pc++) + { + Instruction i=code[pc]; + OpCode o=GET_OPCODE(i); + int a=GETARG_A(i); + int b=GETARG_B(i); + int c=GETARG_C(i); + int bx=GETARG_Bx(i); + int sbx=GETARG_sBx(i); + int line=getline(f,pc); + printf("\t%d\t",pc+1); + if (line>0) printf("[%d]\t",line); else printf("[-]\t"); + printf("%-9s\t",luaP_opnames[o]); + switch (getOpMode(o)) + { + case iABC: + printf("%d",a); + if (getBMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(b) ? (-1-INDEXK(b)) : b); + if (getCMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(c) ? (-1-INDEXK(c)) : c); + break; + case iABx: + if (getBMode(o)==OpArgK) printf("%d %d",a,-1-bx); else printf("%d %d",a,bx); + break; + case iAsBx: + if (o==OP_JMP) printf("%d",sbx); else printf("%d %d",a,sbx); + break; + } + switch (o) + { + case OP_LOADK: + printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,bx); + break; + case OP_GETUPVAL: + case OP_SETUPVAL: + printf("\t; %s", (f->sizeupvalues>0) ? getstr(f->upvalues[b]) : "-"); + break; + case OP_GETGLOBAL: + case OP_SETGLOBAL: + printf("\t; %s",svalue(&f->k[bx])); + break; + case OP_GETTABLE: + case OP_SELF: + if (ISK(c)) { printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); } + break; + case OP_SETTABLE: + case OP_ADD: + case OP_SUB: + case OP_MUL: + case OP_DIV: + case OP_POW: + case OP_EQ: + case OP_LT: + case OP_LE: + if (ISK(b) || ISK(c)) + { + printf("\t; "); + if (ISK(b)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(b)); else printf("-"); + printf(" "); + if (ISK(c)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); else printf("-"); + } + break; + case OP_JMP: + case OP_FORLOOP: + case OP_FORPREP: + printf("\t; to %d",sbx+pc+2); + break; + case OP_CLOSURE: + printf("\t; %p",VOID(f->p[bx])); + break; + case OP_SETLIST: + if (c==0) printf("\t; %d",(int)code[++pc]); + else printf("\t; %d",c); + break; + default: + break; + } + printf("\n"); + } +} + +#define SS(x) (x==1)?"":"s" +#define S(x) x,SS(x) + +static void PrintHeader(const Proto* f) +{ + const char* s=getstr(f->source); + if (*s=='@' || *s=='=') + s++; + else if (*s==LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) + s="(bstring)"; + else + s="(string)"; + printf("\n%s <%s:%d,%d> (%d instruction%s, %d bytes at %p)\n", + (f->linedefined==0)?"main":"function",s, + f->linedefined,f->lastlinedefined, + S(f->sizecode),f->sizecode*Sizeof(Instruction),VOID(f)); + printf("%d%s param%s, %d slot%s, %d upvalue%s, ", + f->numparams,f->is_vararg?"+":"",SS(f->numparams), + S(f->maxstacksize),S(f->nups)); + printf("%d local%s, %d constant%s, %d function%s\n", + S(f->sizelocvars),S(f->sizek),S(f->sizep)); +} + +static void PrintConstants(const Proto* f) +{ + int i,n=f->sizek; + printf("constants (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f)); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + printf("\t%d\t",i+1); + PrintConstant(f,i); + printf("\n"); + } +} + +static void PrintLocals(const Proto* f) +{ + int i,n=f->sizelocvars; + printf("locals (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f)); + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n", + i,getstr(f->locvars[i].varname),f->locvars[i].startpc+1,f->locvars[i].endpc+1); + } +} + +static void PrintUpvalues(const Proto* f) +{ + int i,n=f->sizeupvalues; + printf("upvalues (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f)); + if (f->upvalues==NULL) return; + for (i=0; i<n; i++) + { + printf("\t%d\t%s\n",i,getstr(f->upvalues[i])); + } +} + +void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full) +{ + int i,n=f->sizep; + PrintHeader(f); + PrintCode(f); + if (full) + { + PrintConstants(f); + PrintLocals(f); + PrintUpvalues(f); + } + for (i=0; i<n; i++) PrintFunction(f->p[i],full); +} diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/README b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c7f38b --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/README @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +These are simple tests for Lua. Some of them contain useful code. +They are meant to be run to make sure Lua is built correctly and also +to be read, to see how Lua programs look. + +Here is a one-line summary of each program: + + bisect.lua bisection method for solving non-linear equations + cf.lua temperature conversion table (celsius to farenheit) + echo.lua echo command line arguments + env.lua environment variables as automatic global variables + factorial.lua factorial without recursion + fib.lua fibonacci function with cache + fibfor.lua fibonacci numbers with coroutines and generators + globals.lua report global variable usage + hello.lua the first program in every language + life.lua Conway's Game of Life + luac.lua bare-bones luac + printf.lua an implementation of printf + readonly.lua make global variables readonly + sieve.lua the sieve of of Eratosthenes programmed with coroutines + sort.lua two implementations of a sort function + table.lua make table, grouping all data for the same item + trace-calls.lua trace calls + trace-globals.lua trace assigments to global variables + xd.lua hex dump + diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/bisect.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/bisect.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f91e69b --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/bisect.lua @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +-- bisection method for solving non-linear equations + +delta=1e-6 -- tolerance + +function bisect(f,a,b,fa,fb) + local c=(a+b)/2 + io.write(n," c=",c," a=",a," b=",b,"\n") + if c==a or c==b or math.abs(a-b)<delta then return c,b-a end + n=n+1 + local fc=f(c) + if fa*fc<0 then return bisect(f,a,c,fa,fc) else return bisect(f,c,b,fc,fb) end +end + +-- find root of f in the inverval [a,b]. needs f(a)*f(b)<0 +function solve(f,a,b) + n=0 + local z,e=bisect(f,a,b,f(a),f(b)) + io.write(string.format("after %d steps, root is %.17g with error %.1e, f=%.1e\n",n,z,e,f(z))) +end + +-- our function +function f(x) + return x*x*x-x-1 +end + +-- find zero in [1,2] +solve(f,1,2) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/cf.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/cf.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cda54b --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/cf.lua @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +-- temperature conversion table (celsius to farenheit) + +for c0=-20,50-1,10 do + io.write("C ") + for c=c0,c0+10-1 do + io.write(string.format("%3.0f ",c)) + end + io.write("\n") + + io.write("F ") + for c=c0,c0+10-1 do + f=(9/5)*c+32 + io.write(string.format("%3.0f ",f)) + end + io.write("\n\n") +end diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/echo.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/echo.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4313439 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/echo.lua @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +-- echo command line arguments + +for i=0,table.getn(arg) do + print(i,arg[i]) +end diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/env.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/env.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e62a57 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/env.lua @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +-- read environment variables as if they were global variables + +local f=function (t,i) return os.getenv(i) end +setmetatable(getfenv(),{__index=f}) + +-- an example +print(a,USER,PATH) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/factorial.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/factorial.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c4cf0f --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/factorial.lua @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +-- function closures are powerful + +-- traditional fixed-point operator from functional programming +Y = function (g) + local a = function (f) return f(f) end + return a(function (f) + return g(function (x) + local c=f(f) + return c(x) + end) + end) +end + + +-- factorial without recursion +F = function (f) + return function (n) + if n == 0 then return 1 + else return n*f(n-1) end + end + end + +factorial = Y(F) -- factorial is the fixed point of F + +-- now test it +function test(x) + io.write(x,"! = ",factorial(x),"\n") +end + +for n=0,16 do + test(n) +end diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/fib.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/fib.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97a921b --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/fib.lua @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +-- fibonacci function with cache + +-- very inefficient fibonacci function +function fib(n) + N=N+1 + if n<2 then + return n + else + return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2) + end +end + +-- a general-purpose value cache +function cache(f) + local c={} + return function (x) + local y=c[x] + if not y then + y=f(x) + c[x]=y + end + return y + end +end + +-- run and time it +function test(s,f) + N=0 + local c=os.clock() + local v=f(n) + local t=os.clock()-c + print(s,n,v,t,N) +end + +n=arg[1] or 24 -- for other values, do lua fib.lua XX +n=tonumber(n) +print("","n","value","time","evals") +test("plain",fib) +fib=cache(fib) +test("cached",fib) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/fibfor.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/fibfor.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8bbba39 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/fibfor.lua @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +-- example of for with generator functions + +function generatefib (n) + return coroutine.wrap(function () + local a,b = 1, 1 + while a <= n do + coroutine.yield(a) + a, b = b, a+b + end + end) +end + +for i in generatefib(1000) do print(i) end diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/globals.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/globals.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4c20e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/globals.lua @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +-- reads luac listings and reports global variable usage +-- lines where a global is written to are marked with "*" +-- typical usage: luac -p -l file.lua | lua globals.lua | sort | lua table.lua + +while 1 do + local s=io.read() + if s==nil then break end + local ok,_,l,op,g=string.find(s,"%[%-?(%d*)%]%s*([GS])ETGLOBAL.-;%s+(.*)$") + if ok then + if op=="S" then op="*" else op="" end + io.write(g,"\t",l,op,"\n") + end +end diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/hello.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/hello.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0925498 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/hello.lua @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +-- the first program in every language + +io.write("Hello world, from ",_VERSION,"!\n") diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/life.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/life.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..911d9fe --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/life.lua @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +-- life.lua +-- original by Dave Bollinger <DBollinger@compuserve.com> posted to lua-l +-- modified to use ANSI terminal escape sequences +-- modified to use for instead of while + +local write=io.write + +ALIVE="¥" DEAD="þ" +ALIVE="O" DEAD="-" + +function delay() -- NOTE: SYSTEM-DEPENDENT, adjust as necessary + for i=1,10000 do end + -- local i=os.clock()+1 while(os.clock()<i) do end +end + +function ARRAY2D(w,h) + local t = {w=w,h=h} + for y=1,h do + t[y] = {} + for x=1,w do + t[y][x]=0 + end + end + return t +end + +_CELLS = {} + +-- give birth to a "shape" within the cell array +function _CELLS:spawn(shape,left,top) + for y=0,shape.h-1 do + for x=0,shape.w-1 do + self[top+y][left+x] = shape[y*shape.w+x+1] + end + end +end + +-- run the CA and produce the next generation +function _CELLS:evolve(next) + local ym1,y,yp1,yi=self.h-1,self.h,1,self.h + while yi > 0 do + local xm1,x,xp1,xi=self.w-1,self.w,1,self.w + while xi > 0 do + local sum = self[ym1][xm1] + self[ym1][x] + self[ym1][xp1] + + self[y][xm1] + self[y][xp1] + + self[yp1][xm1] + self[yp1][x] + self[yp1][xp1] + next[y][x] = ((sum==2) and self[y][x]) or ((sum==3) and 1) or 0 + xm1,x,xp1,xi = x,xp1,xp1+1,xi-1 + end + ym1,y,yp1,yi = y,yp1,yp1+1,yi-1 + end +end + +-- output the array to screen +function _CELLS:draw() + local out="" -- accumulate to reduce flicker + for y=1,self.h do + for x=1,self.w do + out=out..(((self[y][x]>0) and ALIVE) or DEAD) + end + out=out.."\n" + end + write(out) +end + +-- constructor +function CELLS(w,h) + local c = ARRAY2D(w,h) + c.spawn = _CELLS.spawn + c.evolve = _CELLS.evolve + c.draw = _CELLS.draw + return c +end + +-- +-- shapes suitable for use with spawn() above +-- +HEART = { 1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1; w=3,h=3 } +GLIDER = { 0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1; w=3,h=3 } +EXPLODE = { 0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0; w=3,h=4 } +FISH = { 0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0; w=5,h=4 } +BUTTERFLY = { 1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1; w=5,h=5 } + +-- the main routine +function LIFE(w,h) + -- create two arrays + local thisgen = CELLS(w,h) + local nextgen = CELLS(w,h) + + -- create some life + -- about 1000 generations of fun, then a glider steady-state + thisgen:spawn(GLIDER,5,4) + thisgen:spawn(EXPLODE,25,10) + thisgen:spawn(FISH,4,12) + + -- run until break + local gen=1 + write("\027[2J") -- ANSI clear screen + while 1 do + thisgen:evolve(nextgen) + thisgen,nextgen = nextgen,thisgen + write("\027[H") -- ANSI home cursor + thisgen:draw() + write("Life - generation ",gen,"\n") + gen=gen+1 + if gen>2000 then break end + --delay() -- no delay + end +end + +LIFE(40,20) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/luac.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/luac.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96a0a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/luac.lua @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +-- bare-bones luac in Lua +-- usage: lua luac.lua file.lua + +assert(arg[1]~=nil and arg[2]==nil,"usage: lua luac.lua file.lua") +f=assert(io.open("luac.out","wb")) +assert(f:write(string.dump(assert(loadfile(arg[1]))))) +assert(f:close()) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/printf.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/printf.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58c63ff --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/printf.lua @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +-- an implementation of printf + +function printf(...) + io.write(string.format(...)) +end + +printf("Hello %s from %s on %s\n",os.getenv"USER" or "there",_VERSION,os.date()) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/readonly.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/readonly.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85c0b4e --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/readonly.lua @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +-- make global variables readonly + +local f=function (t,i) error("cannot redefine global variable `"..i.."'",2) end +local g={} +local G=getfenv() +setmetatable(g,{__index=G,__newindex=f}) +setfenv(1,g) + +-- an example +rawset(g,"x",3) +x=2 +y=1 -- cannot redefine `y' diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/sieve.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/sieve.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0871bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/sieve.lua @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +-- the sieve of of Eratosthenes programmed with coroutines +-- typical usage: lua -e N=1000 sieve.lua | column + +-- generate all the numbers from 2 to n +function gen (n) + return coroutine.wrap(function () + for i=2,n do coroutine.yield(i) end + end) +end + +-- filter the numbers generated by `g', removing multiples of `p' +function filter (p, g) + return coroutine.wrap(function () + while 1 do + local n = g() + if n == nil then return end + if math.mod(n, p) ~= 0 then coroutine.yield(n) end + end + end) +end + +N=N or 1000 -- from command line +x = gen(N) -- generate primes up to N +while 1 do + local n = x() -- pick a number until done + if n == nil then break end + print(n) -- must be a prime number + x = filter(n, x) -- now remove its multiples +end diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/sort.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/sort.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bcb15f --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/sort.lua @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +-- two implementations of a sort function +-- this is an example only. Lua has now a built-in function "sort" + +-- extracted from Programming Pearls, page 110 +function qsort(x,l,u,f) + if l<u then + local m=math.random(u-(l-1))+l-1 -- choose a random pivot in range l..u + x[l],x[m]=x[m],x[l] -- swap pivot to first position + local t=x[l] -- pivot value + m=l + local i=l+1 + while i<=u do + -- invariant: x[l+1..m] < t <= x[m+1..i-1] + if f(x[i],t) then + m=m+1 + x[m],x[i]=x[i],x[m] -- swap x[i] and x[m] + end + i=i+1 + end + x[l],x[m]=x[m],x[l] -- swap pivot to a valid place + -- x[l+1..m-1] < x[m] <= x[m+1..u] + qsort(x,l,m-1,f) + qsort(x,m+1,u,f) + end +end + +function selectionsort(x,n,f) + local i=1 + while i<=n do + local m,j=i,i+1 + while j<=n do + if f(x[j],x[m]) then m=j end + j=j+1 + end + x[i],x[m]=x[m],x[i] -- swap x[i] and x[m] + i=i+1 + end +end + +function show(m,x) + io.write(m,"\n\t") + local i=1 + while x[i] do + io.write(x[i]) + i=i+1 + if x[i] then io.write(",") end + end + io.write("\n") +end + +function testsorts(x) + local n=1 + while x[n] do n=n+1 end; n=n-1 -- count elements + show("original",x) + qsort(x,1,n,function (x,y) return x<y end) + show("after quicksort",x) + selectionsort(x,n,function (x,y) return x>y end) + show("after reverse selection sort",x) + qsort(x,1,n,function (x,y) return x<y end) + show("after quicksort again",x) +end + +-- array to be sorted +x={"Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"} + +testsorts(x) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/table.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/table.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..235089c --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/table.lua @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +-- make table, grouping all data for the same item +-- input is 2 columns (item, data) + +local A +while 1 do + local l=io.read() + if l==nil then break end + local _,_,a,b=string.find(l,'"?([_%w]+)"?%s*(.*)$') + if a~=A then A=a io.write("\n",a,":") end + io.write(" ",b) +end +io.write("\n") diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/trace-calls.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/trace-calls.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d7a7b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/trace-calls.lua @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +-- trace calls +-- example: lua -ltrace-calls bisect.lua + +local level=0 + +local function hook(event) + local t=debug.getinfo(3) + io.write(level," >>> ",string.rep(" ",level)) + if t~=nil and t.currentline>=0 then io.write(t.short_src,":",t.currentline," ") end + t=debug.getinfo(2) + if event=="call" then + level=level+1 + else + level=level-1 if level<0 then level=0 end + end + if t.what=="main" then + if event=="call" then + io.write("begin ",t.short_src) + else + io.write("end ",t.short_src) + end + elseif t.what=="Lua" then +-- table.foreach(t,print) + io.write(event," ",t.name or "(Lua)"," <",t.linedefined,":",t.short_src,">") + else + io.write(event," ",t.name or "(C)"," [",t.what,"] ") + end + io.write("\n") +end + +debug.sethook(hook,"cr") +level=0 diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/trace-globals.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/trace-globals.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..295e670 --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/trace-globals.lua @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +-- trace assigments to global variables + +do + -- a tostring that quotes strings. note the use of the original tostring. + local _tostring=tostring + local tostring=function(a) + if type(a)=="string" then + return string.format("%q",a) + else + return _tostring(a) + end + end + + local log=function (name,old,new) + local t=debug.getinfo(3,"Sl") + local line=t.currentline + io.write(t.short_src) + if line>=0 then io.write(":",line) end + io.write(": ",name," is now ",tostring(new)," (was ",tostring(old),")","\n") + end + + local g={} + local set=function (t,name,value) + log(name,g[name],value) + g[name]=value + end + setmetatable(getfenv(),{__index=g,__newindex=set}) +end + +-- an example + +a=1 +b=2 +a=10 +b=20 +b=nil +b=200 +print(a,b,c) diff --git a/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/xd.lua b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/xd.lua new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebc3eff --- /dev/null +++ b/libs/lua-5.1.5/test/xd.lua @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +-- hex dump +-- usage: lua xd.lua < file + +local offset=0 +while true do + local s=io.read(16) + if s==nil then return end + io.write(string.format("%08X ",offset)) + string.gsub(s,"(.)", + function (c) io.write(string.format("%02X ",string.byte(c))) end) + io.write(string.rep(" ",3*(16-string.len(s)))) + io.write(" ",string.gsub(s,"%c","."),"\n") + offset=offset+16 +end |
