add initial structure

25 files changed, 9845 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_allocation.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_allocation.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e3298a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_allocation.c
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library allocation group implementation
+ * memory allocation group for tracking allocation groups
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Allocation Group implementation.
+*/
+
+
+#include "pa_allocation.h"
+#include "pa_util.h"
+
+
+/*
+    Maintain 3 singly linked lists...
+    linkBlocks: the buffers used to allocate the links
+    spareLinks: links available for use in the allocations list
+    allocations: the buffers currently allocated using PaUtil_ContextAllocateMemory()
+
+    Link block size is doubled every time new links are allocated.
+*/
+
+
+#define PA_INITIAL_LINK_COUNT_    16
+
+struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink
+{
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *next;
+    void *buffer;
+};
+
+/*
+    Allocate a block of links. The first link will have it's buffer member
+    pointing to the block, and it's next member set to <nextBlock>. The remaining
+    links will have NULL buffer members, and each link will point to
+    the next link except the last, which will point to <nextSpare>
+*/
+static struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *AllocateLinks( long count,
+        struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *nextBlock,
+        struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *nextSpare )
+{
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *result;
+    int i;
+
+    result = (struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *)PaUtil_AllocateMemory(
+            sizeof(struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink) * count );
+    if( result )
+    {
+        /* the block link */
+        result[0].buffer = result;
+        result[0].next = nextBlock;
+
+        /* the spare links */
+        for( i=1; i<count; ++i )
+        {
+            result[i].buffer = 0;
+            result[i].next = &result[i+1];
+        }
+        result[count-1].next = nextSpare;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaUtilAllocationGroup* PaUtil_CreateAllocationGroup( void )
+{
+    PaUtilAllocationGroup* result = 0;
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *links;
+
+
+    links = AllocateLinks( PA_INITIAL_LINK_COUNT_, 0, 0 );
+    if( links != 0 )
+    {
+        result = (PaUtilAllocationGroup*)PaUtil_AllocateMemory( sizeof(PaUtilAllocationGroup) );
+        if( result )
+        {
+            result->linkCount = PA_INITIAL_LINK_COUNT_;
+            result->linkBlocks = &links[0];
+            result->spareLinks = &links[1];
+            result->allocations = 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            PaUtil_FreeMemory( links );
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_DestroyAllocationGroup( PaUtilAllocationGroup* group )
+{
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *current = group->linkBlocks;
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *next;
+
+    while( current )
+    {
+        next = current->next;
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( current->buffer );
+        current = next;
+    }
+
+    PaUtil_FreeMemory( group );
+}
+
+
+void* PaUtil_GroupAllocateMemory( PaUtilAllocationGroup* group, long size )
+{
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *links, *link;
+    void *result = 0;
+
+    /* allocate more links if necessary */
+    if( !group->spareLinks )
+    {
+        /* double the link count on each block allocation */
+        links = AllocateLinks( group->linkCount, group->linkBlocks, group->spareLinks );
+        if( links )
+        {
+            group->linkCount += group->linkCount;
+            group->linkBlocks = &links[0];
+            group->spareLinks = &links[1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    if( group->spareLinks )
+    {
+        result = PaUtil_AllocateMemory( size );
+        if( result )
+        {
+            link = group->spareLinks;
+            group->spareLinks = link->next;
+
+            link->buffer = result;
+            link->next = group->allocations;
+
+            group->allocations = link;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_GroupFreeMemory( PaUtilAllocationGroup* group, void *buffer )
+{
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *current = group->allocations;
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *previous = 0;
+
+    if( buffer == 0 )
+        return;
+
+    /* find the right link and remove it */
+    while( current )
+    {
+        if( current->buffer == buffer )
+        {
+            if( previous )
+            {
+                previous->next = current->next;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                group->allocations = current->next;
+            }
+
+            current->buffer = 0;
+            current->next = group->spareLinks;
+            group->spareLinks = current;
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        previous = current;
+        current = current->next;
+    }
+
+    PaUtil_FreeMemory( buffer ); /* free the memory whether we found it in the list or not */
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_FreeAllAllocations( PaUtilAllocationGroup* group )
+{
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *current = group->allocations;
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *previous = 0;
+
+    /* free all buffers in the allocations list */
+    while( current )
+    {
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( current->buffer );
+        current->buffer = 0;
+
+        previous = current;
+        current = current->next;
+    }
+
+    /* link the former allocations list onto the front of the spareLinks list */
+    if( previous )
+    {
+        previous->next = group->spareLinks;
+        group->spareLinks = group->allocations;
+        group->allocations = 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_allocation.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_allocation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c3cf53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_allocation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#ifndef PA_ALLOCATION_H
+#define PA_ALLOCATION_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library allocation context header
+ * memory allocation context for tracking allocation groups
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Allocation Group prototypes. An Allocation Group makes it easy to
+ allocate multiple blocks of memory and free them all at once.
+
+ An allocation group is useful for keeping track of multiple blocks
+ of memory which are allocated at the same time (such as during initialization)
+ and need to be deallocated at the same time. The allocation group maintains
+ a list of allocated blocks, and can free all allocations at once. This
+ can be useful for cleaning up after a partially initialized object fails.
+
+ The allocation group implementation is built on top of the lower
+ level allocation functions defined in pa_util.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    long linkCount;
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *linkBlocks;
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *spareLinks;
+    struct PaUtilAllocationGroupLink *allocations;
+}PaUtilAllocationGroup;
+
+
+
+/** Create an allocation group.
+*/
+PaUtilAllocationGroup* PaUtil_CreateAllocationGroup( void );
+
+/** Destroy an allocation group, but not the memory allocated through the group.
+*/
+void PaUtil_DestroyAllocationGroup( PaUtilAllocationGroup* group );
+
+/** Allocate a block of memory though an allocation group.
+*/
+void* PaUtil_GroupAllocateMemory( PaUtilAllocationGroup* group, long size );
+
+/** Free a block of memory that was previously allocated though an allocation
+ group. Calling this function is a relatively time consuming operation.
+ Under normal circumstances clients should call PaUtil_FreeAllAllocations to
+ free all allocated blocks simultaneously.
+ @see PaUtil_FreeAllAllocations
+*/
+void PaUtil_GroupFreeMemory( PaUtilAllocationGroup* group, void *buffer );
+
+/** Free all blocks of memory which have been allocated through the allocation
+ group. This function doesn't destroy the group itself.
+*/
+void PaUtil_FreeAllAllocations( PaUtilAllocationGroup* group );
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_ALLOCATION_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_converters.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_converters.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93e44a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_converters.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1983 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library sample conversion mechanism
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Phil Burk, Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Conversion function implementations.
+
+ If the C9x function lrintf() is available, define PA_USE_C99_LRINTF to use it
+
+ @todo Consider whether functions which dither but don't clip should exist,
+ V18 automatically enabled clipping whenever dithering was selected. Perhaps
+ we should do the same.
+    see: "require clipping for dithering sample conversion functions?"
+    http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/112
+
+ @todo implement the converters marked IMPLEMENT ME: Int32_To_Int24_Dither,
+ Int32_To_UInt8_Dither, Int24_To_Int16_Dither, Int24_To_Int8_Dither,
+ Int24_To_UInt8_Dither, Int16_To_Int8_Dither, Int16_To_UInt8_Dither
+    see: "some conversion functions are not implemented in pa_converters.c"
+    http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/35
+
+ @todo review the converters marked REVIEW: Float32_To_Int32,
+ Float32_To_Int32_Dither, Float32_To_Int32_Clip, Float32_To_Int32_DitherClip,
+ Int32_To_Int16_Dither, Int32_To_Int8_Dither, Int16_To_Int32
+*/
+
+
+#include "pa_converters.h"
+#include "pa_dither.h"
+#include "pa_endianness.h"
+#include "pa_types.h"
+
+
+PaSampleFormat PaUtil_SelectClosestAvailableFormat(
+        PaSampleFormat availableFormats, PaSampleFormat format )
+{
+    PaSampleFormat result;
+
+    format &= ~paNonInterleaved;
+    availableFormats &= ~paNonInterleaved;
+
+    if( (format & availableFormats) == 0 )
+    {
+        /* NOTE: this code depends on the sample format constants being in
+            descending order of quality - ie best quality is 0
+            FIXME: should write an assert which checks that all of the
+            known constants conform to that requirement.
+        */
+
+        if( format != 0x01 )
+        {
+            /* scan for better formats */
+            result = format;
+            do
+            {
+                result >>= 1;
+            }
+            while( (result & availableFormats) == 0 && result != 0 );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = 0;
+        }
+
+        if( result == 0 ){
+            /* scan for worse formats */
+            result = format;
+            do
+            {
+                result <<= 1;
+            }
+            while( (result & availableFormats) == 0 && result != paCustomFormat );
+
+            if( (result & availableFormats) == 0 )
+                result = paSampleFormatNotSupported;
+        }
+
+    }else{
+        result = format;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define PA_SELECT_FORMAT_( format, float32, int32, int24, int16, int8, uint8 ) \
+    switch( format & ~paNonInterleaved ){                                      \
+    case paFloat32:                                                            \
+        float32                                                                \
+    case paInt32:                                                              \
+        int32                                                                  \
+    case paInt24:                                                              \
+        int24                                                                  \
+    case paInt16:                                                              \
+        int16                                                                  \
+    case paInt8:                                                               \
+        int8                                                                   \
+    case paUInt8:                                                              \
+        uint8                                                                  \
+    default: return 0;                                                         \
+    }
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_CLIP_( flags, source, destination )         \
+    if( flags & paClipOff ){ /* no clip */                                     \
+        if( flags & paDitherOff ){ /* no dither */                             \
+            return paConverters. source ## _To_ ## destination;                \
+        }else{ /* dither */                                                    \
+            return paConverters. source ## _To_ ## destination ## _Dither;     \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }else{ /* clip */                                                          \
+        if( flags & paDitherOff ){ /* no dither */                             \
+            return paConverters. source ## _To_ ## destination ## _Clip;       \
+        }else{ /* dither */                                                    \
+            return paConverters. source ## _To_ ## destination ## _DitherClip; \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, source, destination )              \
+    if( flags & paDitherOff ){ /* no dither */                                 \
+        return paConverters. source ## _To_ ## destination;                    \
+    }else{ /* dither */                                                        \
+        return paConverters. source ## _To_ ## destination ## _Dither;         \
+    }
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define PA_USE_CONVERTER_( source, destination )\
+    return paConverters. source ## _To_ ## destination;
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define PA_UNITY_CONVERSION_( wordlength )\
+    return paConverters. Copy_ ## wordlength ## _To_ ## wordlength;
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+PaUtilConverter* PaUtil_SelectConverter( PaSampleFormat sourceFormat,
+        PaSampleFormat destinationFormat, PaStreamFlags flags )
+{
+    PA_SELECT_FORMAT_( sourceFormat,
+                       /* paFloat32: */
+                       PA_SELECT_FORMAT_( destinationFormat,
+                                          /* paFloat32: */        PA_UNITY_CONVERSION_( 32 ),
+                                          /* paInt32: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_CLIP_( flags, Float32, Int32 ),
+                                          /* paInt24: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_CLIP_( flags, Float32, Int24 ),
+                                          /* paInt16: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_CLIP_( flags, Float32, Int16 ),
+                                          /* paInt8: */           PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_CLIP_( flags, Float32, Int8 ),
+                                          /* paUInt8: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_CLIP_( flags, Float32, UInt8 )
+                                        ),
+                       /* paInt32: */
+                       PA_SELECT_FORMAT_( destinationFormat,
+                                          /* paFloat32: */        PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int32, Float32 ),
+                                          /* paInt32: */          PA_UNITY_CONVERSION_( 32 ),
+                                          /* paInt24: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int32, Int24 ),
+                                          /* paInt16: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int32, Int16 ),
+                                          /* paInt8: */           PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int32, Int8 ),
+                                          /* paUInt8: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int32, UInt8 )
+                                        ),
+                       /* paInt24: */
+                       PA_SELECT_FORMAT_( destinationFormat,
+                                          /* paFloat32: */        PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int24, Float32 ),
+                                          /* paInt32: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int24, Int32 ),
+                                          /* paInt24: */          PA_UNITY_CONVERSION_( 24 ),
+                                          /* paInt16: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int24, Int16 ),
+                                          /* paInt8: */           PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int24, Int8 ),
+                                          /* paUInt8: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int24, UInt8 )
+                                        ),
+                       /* paInt16: */
+                       PA_SELECT_FORMAT_( destinationFormat,
+                                          /* paFloat32: */        PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int16, Float32 ),
+                                          /* paInt32: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int16, Int32 ),
+                                          /* paInt24: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int16, Int24 ),
+                                          /* paInt16: */          PA_UNITY_CONVERSION_( 16 ),
+                                          /* paInt8: */           PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int16, Int8 ),
+                                          /* paUInt8: */          PA_SELECT_CONVERTER_DITHER_( flags, Int16, UInt8 )
+                                        ),
+                       /* paInt8: */
+                       PA_SELECT_FORMAT_( destinationFormat,
+                                          /* paFloat32: */        PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int8, Float32 ),
+                                          /* paInt32: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int8, Int32 ),
+                                          /* paInt24: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int8, Int24 ),
+                                          /* paInt16: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int8, Int16 ),
+                                          /* paInt8: */           PA_UNITY_CONVERSION_( 8 ),
+                                          /* paUInt8: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( Int8, UInt8 )
+                                        ),
+                       /* paUInt8: */
+                       PA_SELECT_FORMAT_( destinationFormat,
+                                          /* paFloat32: */        PA_USE_CONVERTER_( UInt8, Float32 ),
+                                          /* paInt32: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( UInt8, Int32 ),
+                                          /* paInt24: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( UInt8, Int24 ),
+                                          /* paInt16: */          PA_USE_CONVERTER_( UInt8, Int16 ),
+                                          /* paInt8: */           PA_USE_CONVERTER_( UInt8, Int8 ),
+                                          /* paUInt8: */          PA_UNITY_CONVERSION_( 8 )
+                                        )
+                     )
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef PA_NO_STANDARD_CONVERTERS
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+PaUtilConverterTable paConverters = {
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_Clip; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_DitherClip; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_Clip; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_DitherClip; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_Clip; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_DitherClip; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_Clip; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_DitherClip; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_Clip; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_DitherClip; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Float32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int24; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int24_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int16; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int16_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int8_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_UInt8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_UInt8_Dither; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Float32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int16; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int16_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int8_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_UInt8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_UInt8_Dither; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Float32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int24; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int8_Dither; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_UInt8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_UInt8_Dither; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Float32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int24 */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int16; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_UInt8; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Float32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int32; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int24; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int16; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int8; */
+
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Copy_8_To_8; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Copy_16_To_16; */
+    0, /* PaUtilConverter *Copy_24_To_24; */
+    0  /* PaUtilConverter *Copy_32_To_32; */
+};
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#else /* PA_NO_STANDARD_CONVERTERS is not defined */
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define PA_CLIP_( val, min, max )\
+    { val = ((val) < (min)) ? (min) : (((val) > (max)) ? (max) : (val)); }
+
+
+static const float const_1_div_128_ = 1.0f / 128.0f;  /* 8 bit multiplier */
+
+static const float const_1_div_32768_ = 1.0f / 32768.f; /* 16 bit multiplier */
+
+static const double const_1_div_2147483648_ = 1.0 / 2147483648.0; /* 32 bit multiplier */
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt32 *dest =  (PaInt32*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* REVIEW */
+#ifdef PA_USE_C99_LRINTF
+        float scaled = *src * 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        *dest = lrintf(scaled-0.5f);
+#else
+        double scaled = *src * 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        *dest = (PaInt32) scaled;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int32_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt32 *dest =  (PaInt32*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* REVIEW */
+#ifdef PA_USE_C99_LRINTF
+        float dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        float dithered = ((float)*src * (2147483646.0f)) + dither;
+        *dest = lrintf(dithered - 0.5f);
+#else
+        double dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        double dithered = ((double)*src * (2147483646.0)) + dither;
+        *dest = (PaInt32) dithered;
+#endif
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int32_Clip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt32 *dest =  (PaInt32*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* REVIEW */
+#ifdef PA_USE_C99_LRINTF
+        float scaled = *src * 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        PA_CLIP_( scaled, -2147483648.f, 2147483647.f  );
+        *dest = lrintf(scaled-0.5f);
+#else
+        double scaled = *src * 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        PA_CLIP_( scaled, -2147483648., 2147483647.  );
+        *dest = (PaInt32) scaled;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int32_DitherClip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt32 *dest =  (PaInt32*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* REVIEW */
+#ifdef PA_USE_C99_LRINTF
+        float dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        float dithered = ((float)*src * (2147483646.0f)) + dither;
+        PA_CLIP_( dithered, -2147483648.f, 2147483647.f  );
+        *dest = lrintf(dithered-0.5f);
+#else
+        double dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        double dithered = ((double)*src * (2147483646.0)) + dither;
+        PA_CLIP_( dithered, -2147483648., 2147483647.  );
+        *dest = (PaInt32) dithered;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int24(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt32 temp;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* convert to 32 bit and drop the low 8 bits */
+        double scaled = (double)(*src) * 2147483647.0;
+        temp = (PaInt32) scaled;
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 24);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int24_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt32 temp;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* convert to 32 bit and drop the low 8 bits */
+
+        double dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        double dithered = ((double)*src * (2147483646.0)) + dither;
+
+        temp = (PaInt32) dithered;
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 24);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int24_Clip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt32 temp;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* convert to 32 bit and drop the low 8 bits */
+        double scaled = *src * 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        PA_CLIP_( scaled, -2147483648., 2147483647.  );
+        temp = (PaInt32) scaled;
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 24);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int24_DitherClip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt32 temp;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* convert to 32 bit and drop the low 8 bits */
+
+        double dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        double dithered = ((double)*src * (2147483646.0)) + dither;
+        PA_CLIP_( dithered, -2147483648., 2147483647.  );
+
+        temp = (PaInt32) dithered;
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 24);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int16(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest =  (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+#ifdef PA_USE_C99_LRINTF
+        float tempf = (*src * (32767.0f)) ;
+        *dest = lrintf(tempf-0.5f);
+#else
+        short samp = (short) (*src * (32767.0f));
+        *dest = samp;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int16_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest = (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+        float dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        float dithered = (*src * (32766.0f)) + dither;
+
+#ifdef PA_USE_C99_LRINTF
+        *dest = lrintf(dithered-0.5f);
+#else
+        *dest = (PaInt16) dithered;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int16_Clip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest =  (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+#ifdef PA_USE_C99_LRINTF
+        long samp = lrintf((*src * (32767.0f)) -0.5f);
+#else
+        long samp = (PaInt32) (*src * (32767.0f));
+#endif
+        PA_CLIP_( samp, -0x8000, 0x7FFF );
+        *dest = (PaInt16) samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int16_DitherClip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest =  (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+        float dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        float dithered = (*src * (32766.0f)) + dither;
+        PaInt32 samp = (PaInt32) dithered;
+        PA_CLIP_( samp, -0x8000, 0x7FFF );
+#ifdef PA_USE_C99_LRINTF
+        *dest = lrintf(samp-0.5f);
+#else
+        *dest = (PaInt16) samp;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char *dest =  (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        signed char samp = (signed char) (*src * (127.0f));
+        *dest = samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int8_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char *dest =  (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        float dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        float dithered = (*src * (126.0f)) + dither;
+        PaInt32 samp = (PaInt32) dithered;
+        *dest = (signed char) samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int8_Clip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char *dest =  (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        PaInt32 samp = (PaInt32)(*src * (127.0f));
+        PA_CLIP_( samp, -0x80, 0x7F );
+        *dest = (signed char) samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_Int8_DitherClip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char *dest =  (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        float dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        float dithered = (*src * (126.0f)) + dither;
+        PaInt32 samp = (PaInt32) dithered;
+        PA_CLIP_( samp, -0x80, 0x7F );
+        *dest = (signed char) samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_UInt8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        unsigned char samp = (unsigned char)(128 + ((unsigned char) (*src * (127.0f))));
+        *dest = samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_UInt8_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        float dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        float dithered = (*src * (126.0f)) + dither;
+        PaInt32 samp = (PaInt32) dithered;
+        *dest = (unsigned char) (128 + samp);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_UInt8_Clip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        PaInt32 samp = 128 + (PaInt32)(*src * (127.0f));
+        PA_CLIP_( samp, 0x0000, 0x00FF );
+        *dest = (unsigned char) samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Float32_To_UInt8_DitherClip(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    float *src = (float*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        float dither  = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        /* use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither */
+        float dithered = (*src * (126.0f)) + dither;
+        PaInt32 samp = 128 + (PaInt32) dithered;
+        PA_CLIP_( samp, 0x0000, 0x00FF );
+        *dest = (unsigned char) samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_Float32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt32 *src = (PaInt32*)sourceBuffer;
+    float *dest =  (float*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = (float) ((double)*src * const_1_div_2147483648_);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_Int24(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt32 *src    = (PaInt32*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* REVIEW */
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(*src >> 8);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(*src >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(*src >> 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(*src >> 24);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(*src >> 16);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(*src >> 8);
+#endif
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_Int24_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    (void) destinationBuffer; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) destinationStride; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) sourceBuffer; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) sourceStride; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) count; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameters */
+    /* IMPLEMENT ME */
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_Int16(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt32 *src = (PaInt32*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest =  (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = (PaInt16) ((*src) >> 16);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_Int16_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt32 *src = (PaInt32*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest =  (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt32 dither;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* REVIEW */
+        dither = PaUtil_Generate16BitTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        *dest = (PaInt16) ((((*src)>>1) + dither) >> 15);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_Int8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt32 *src = (PaInt32*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char *dest =  (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = (signed char) ((*src) >> 24);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_Int8_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt32 *src = (PaInt32*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char *dest =  (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt32 dither;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* REVIEW */
+        dither = PaUtil_Generate16BitTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        *dest = (signed char) ((((*src)>>1) + dither) >> 23);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_UInt8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt32 *src = (PaInt32*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (unsigned char)(((*src) >> 24) + 128);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int32_To_UInt8_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt32 *src = (PaInt32*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* IMPLEMENT ME */
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int24_To_Float32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    float *dest = (float*)destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt32 temp;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        temp = (((PaInt32)src[0]) << 8);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[1]) << 16);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[2]) << 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        temp = (((PaInt32)src[0]) << 24);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[1]) << 16);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[2]) << 8);
+#endif
+
+        *dest = (float) ((double)temp * const_1_div_2147483648_);
+
+        src += sourceStride * 3;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int24_To_Int32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src  = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt32 *dest = (PaInt32*)  destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt32 temp;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        temp = (((PaInt32)src[0]) << 8);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[1]) << 16);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[2]) << 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        temp = (((PaInt32)src[0]) << 24);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[1]) << 16);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[2]) << 8);
+#endif
+
+        *dest = temp;
+
+        src += sourceStride * 3;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int24_To_Int16(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest = (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    PaInt16 temp;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        /* src[0] is discarded */
+        temp = (((PaInt16)src[1]));
+        temp = temp | (PaInt16)(((PaInt16)src[2]) << 8);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        /* src[2] is discarded */
+        temp = (PaInt16)(((PaInt16)src[0]) << 8);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt16)src[1]));
+#endif
+
+        *dest = temp;
+
+        src += sourceStride * 3;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int24_To_Int16_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest = (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    PaInt32 temp, dither;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        temp = (((PaInt32)src[0]) << 8);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[1]) << 16);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[2]) << 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        temp = (((PaInt32)src[0]) << 24);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[1]) << 16);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[2]) << 8);
+#endif
+
+        /* REVIEW */
+        dither = PaUtil_Generate16BitTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        *dest = (PaInt16) (((temp >> 1) + dither) >> 15);
+
+        src  += sourceStride * 3;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int24_To_Int8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char  *dest = (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        /* src[0] is discarded */
+        /* src[1] is discarded */
+        *dest = src[2];
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        /* src[2] is discarded */
+        /* src[1] is discarded */
+        *dest = src[0];
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride * 3;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int24_To_Int8_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char  *dest = (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    PaInt32 temp, dither;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        temp = (((PaInt32)src[0]) << 8);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[1]) << 16);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[2]) << 24);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        temp = (((PaInt32)src[0]) << 24);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[1]) << 16);
+        temp = temp | (((PaInt32)src[2]) << 8);
+#endif
+
+        /* REVIEW */
+        dither = PaUtil_Generate16BitTriangularDither( ditherGenerator );
+        *dest = (signed char) (((temp >> 1) + dither) >> 23);
+
+        src += sourceStride * 3;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int24_To_UInt8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        /* src[0] is discarded */
+        /* src[1] is discarded */
+        *dest = (unsigned char)(src[2] + 128);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        *dest = (unsigned char)(src[0] + 128);
+        /* src[1] is discarded */
+        /* src[2] is discarded */
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride * 3;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int24_To_UInt8_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    (void) destinationBuffer; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) destinationStride; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) sourceBuffer; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) sourceStride; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) count; /* unused parameters */
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameters */
+    /* IMPLEMENT ME */
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int16_To_Float32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt16 *src = (PaInt16*)sourceBuffer;
+    float *dest =  (float*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        float samp = *src * const_1_div_32768_; /* FIXME: i'm concerned about this being asymmetrical with float->int16 -rb */
+        *dest = samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int16_To_Int32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt16 *src = (PaInt16*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt32 *dest =  (PaInt32*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* REVIEW: we should consider something like
+            (*src << 16) | (*src & 0xFFFF)
+        */
+
+        *dest = *src << 16;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int16_To_Int24(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt16 *src   = (PaInt16*) sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    PaInt16 temp;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        temp = *src;
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = 0;
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp);
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(temp >> 8);
+        dest[1] = (unsigned char)(temp);
+        dest[2] = 0;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int16_To_Int8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt16 *src = (PaInt16*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char *dest =  (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (signed char)((*src) >> 8);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int16_To_Int8_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt16 *src = (PaInt16*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char *dest =  (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* IMPLEMENT ME */
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int16_To_UInt8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt16 *src = (PaInt16*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (unsigned char)(((*src) >> 8) + 128);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int16_To_UInt8_Dither(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaInt16 *src = (PaInt16*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        /* IMPLEMENT ME */
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int8_To_Float32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    signed char *src = (signed char*)sourceBuffer;
+    float *dest =  (float*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        float samp = *src * const_1_div_128_;
+        *dest = samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int8_To_Int32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    signed char *src = (signed char*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt32 *dest =  (PaInt32*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (*src) << 24;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int8_To_Int24(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    signed char *src = (signed char*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = 0;
+        dest[1] = 0;
+        dest[2] = (*src);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (*src);
+        dest[1] = 0;
+        dest[2] = 0;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int8_To_Int16(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    signed char *src = (signed char*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest =  (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (PaInt16)((*src) << 8);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Int8_To_UInt8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    signed char *src = (signed char*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest =  (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (unsigned char)(*src + 128);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void UInt8_To_Float32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    float *dest =  (float*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        float samp = (*src - 128) * const_1_div_128_;
+        *dest = samp;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void UInt8_To_Int32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt32 *dest = (PaInt32*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (*src - 128) << 24;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void UInt8_To_Int24(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src  = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameters */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+
+#if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = 0;
+        dest[1] = 0;
+        dest[2] = (unsigned char)(*src - 128);
+#elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        dest[0] = (unsigned char)(*src - 128);
+        dest[1] = 0;
+        dest[2] = 0;
+#endif
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void UInt8_To_Int16(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    PaInt16 *dest =  (PaInt16*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (PaInt16)((*src - 128) << 8);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void UInt8_To_Int8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    signed char  *dest = (signed char*)destinationBuffer;
+    (void)ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        (*dest) = (signed char)(*src - 128);
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Copy_8_To_8(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = *src;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Copy_16_To_16(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaUint16 *src = (PaUint16 *)sourceBuffer;
+    PaUint16 *dest = (PaUint16 *)destinationBuffer;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = *src;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Copy_24_To_24(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    unsigned char *src = (unsigned char*)sourceBuffer;
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        dest[0] = src[0];
+        dest[1] = src[1];
+        dest[2] = src[2];
+
+        src += sourceStride * 3;
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Copy_32_To_32(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator )
+{
+    PaUint32 *dest = (PaUint32 *)destinationBuffer;
+    PaUint32 *src = (PaUint32 *)sourceBuffer;
+
+    (void) ditherGenerator; /* unused parameter */
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = *src;
+
+        src += sourceStride;
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+PaUtilConverterTable paConverters = {
+    Float32_To_Int32,              /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32; */
+    Float32_To_Int32_Dither,       /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_Dither; */
+    Float32_To_Int32_Clip,         /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_Clip; */
+    Float32_To_Int32_DitherClip,   /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_DitherClip; */
+
+    Float32_To_Int24,              /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24; */
+    Float32_To_Int24_Dither,       /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_Dither; */
+    Float32_To_Int24_Clip,         /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_Clip; */
+    Float32_To_Int24_DitherClip,   /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_DitherClip; */
+
+    Float32_To_Int16,              /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16; */
+    Float32_To_Int16_Dither,       /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_Dither; */
+    Float32_To_Int16_Clip,         /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_Clip; */
+    Float32_To_Int16_DitherClip,   /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_DitherClip; */
+
+    Float32_To_Int8,               /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8; */
+    Float32_To_Int8_Dither,        /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_Dither; */
+    Float32_To_Int8_Clip,          /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_Clip; */
+    Float32_To_Int8_DitherClip,    /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_DitherClip; */
+
+    Float32_To_UInt8,              /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8; */
+    Float32_To_UInt8_Dither,       /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_Dither; */
+    Float32_To_UInt8_Clip,         /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_Clip; */
+    Float32_To_UInt8_DitherClip,   /* PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_DitherClip; */
+
+    Int32_To_Float32,              /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Float32; */
+    Int32_To_Int24,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int24; */
+    Int32_To_Int24_Dither,         /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int24_Dither; */
+    Int32_To_Int16,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int16; */
+    Int32_To_Int16_Dither,         /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int16_Dither; */
+    Int32_To_Int8,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int8; */
+    Int32_To_Int8_Dither,          /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int8_Dither; */
+    Int32_To_UInt8,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_UInt8; */
+    Int32_To_UInt8_Dither,         /* PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_UInt8_Dither; */
+
+    Int24_To_Float32,              /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Float32; */
+    Int24_To_Int32,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int32; */
+    Int24_To_Int16,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int16; */
+    Int24_To_Int16_Dither,         /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int16_Dither; */
+    Int24_To_Int8,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int8; */
+    Int24_To_Int8_Dither,          /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int8_Dither; */
+    Int24_To_UInt8,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_UInt8; */
+    Int24_To_UInt8_Dither,         /* PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_UInt8_Dither; */
+
+    Int16_To_Float32,              /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Float32; */
+    Int16_To_Int32,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int32; */
+    Int16_To_Int24,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int24; */
+    Int16_To_Int8,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int8; */
+    Int16_To_Int8_Dither,          /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int8_Dither; */
+    Int16_To_UInt8,                /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_UInt8; */
+    Int16_To_UInt8_Dither,         /* PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_UInt8_Dither; */
+
+    Int8_To_Float32,               /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Float32; */
+    Int8_To_Int32,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int32; */
+    Int8_To_Int24,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int24 */
+    Int8_To_Int16,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int16; */
+    Int8_To_UInt8,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_UInt8; */
+
+    UInt8_To_Float32,              /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Float32; */
+    UInt8_To_Int32,                /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int32; */
+    UInt8_To_Int24,                /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int24; */
+    UInt8_To_Int16,                /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int16; */
+    UInt8_To_Int8,                 /* PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int8; */
+
+    Copy_8_To_8,                   /* PaUtilConverter *Copy_8_To_8; */
+    Copy_16_To_16,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Copy_16_To_16; */
+    Copy_24_To_24,                 /* PaUtilConverter *Copy_24_To_24; */
+    Copy_32_To_32                  /* PaUtilConverter *Copy_32_To_32; */
+};
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#endif /* PA_NO_STANDARD_CONVERTERS */
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+PaUtilZeroer* PaUtil_SelectZeroer( PaSampleFormat destinationFormat )
+{
+    switch( destinationFormat & ~paNonInterleaved ){
+    case paFloat32:
+        return paZeroers.Zero32;
+    case paInt32:
+        return paZeroers.Zero32;
+    case paInt24:
+        return paZeroers.Zero24;
+    case paInt16:
+        return paZeroers.Zero16;
+    case paInt8:
+        return paZeroers.Zero8;
+    case paUInt8:
+        return paZeroers.ZeroU8;
+    default: return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifdef PA_NO_STANDARD_ZEROERS
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+PaUtilZeroerTable paZeroers = {
+    0,  /* PaUtilZeroer *ZeroU8; */
+    0,  /* PaUtilZeroer *Zero8; */
+    0,  /* PaUtilZeroer *Zero16; */
+    0,  /* PaUtilZeroer *Zero24; */
+    0,  /* PaUtilZeroer *Zero32; */
+};
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#else /* PA_NO_STANDARD_ZEROERS is not defined */
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void ZeroU8( void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+        unsigned int count )
+{
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = 128;
+
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Zero8( void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+        unsigned int count )
+{
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = 0;
+
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Zero16( void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+        unsigned int count )
+{
+    PaUint16 *dest = (PaUint16 *)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = 0;
+
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Zero24( void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+        unsigned int count )
+{
+    unsigned char *dest = (unsigned char*)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        dest[0] = 0;
+        dest[1] = 0;
+        dest[2] = 0;
+
+        dest += destinationStride * 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void Zero32( void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+        unsigned int count )
+{
+    PaUint32 *dest = (PaUint32 *)destinationBuffer;
+
+    while( count-- )
+    {
+        *dest = 0;
+
+        dest += destinationStride;
+    }
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+PaUtilZeroerTable paZeroers = {
+    ZeroU8,  /* PaUtilZeroer *ZeroU8; */
+    Zero8,  /* PaUtilZeroer *Zero8; */
+    Zero16,  /* PaUtilZeroer *Zero16; */
+    Zero24,  /* PaUtilZeroer *Zero24; */
+    Zero32,  /* PaUtilZeroer *Zero32; */
+};
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#endif /* PA_NO_STANDARD_ZEROERS */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_converters.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_converters.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96edf1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_converters.h
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+#ifndef PA_CONVERTERS_H
+#define PA_CONVERTERS_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library sample conversion mechanism
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Phil Burk, Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Conversion functions used to convert buffers of samples from one
+ format to another.
+*/
+
+
+#include "portaudio.h"  /* for PaSampleFormat */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator;
+
+
+/** Choose an available sample format which is most appropriate for
+ representing the requested format. If the requested format is not available
+ higher quality formats are considered before lower quality formats.
+ @param availableFormats A variable containing the logical OR of all available
+ formats.
+ @param format The desired format.
+ @return The most appropriate available format for representing the requested
+ format.
+*/
+PaSampleFormat PaUtil_SelectClosestAvailableFormat(
+        PaSampleFormat availableFormats, PaSampleFormat format );
+
+
+/* high level conversions functions for use by implementations */
+
+
+/** The generic sample converter prototype. Sample converters convert count
+    samples from sourceBuffer to destinationBuffer. The actual type of the data
+    pointed to by these parameters varys for different converter functions.
+    @param destinationBuffer A pointer to the first sample of the destination.
+    @param destinationStride An offset between successive destination samples
+    expressed in samples (not bytes.) It may be negative.
+    @param sourceBuffer A pointer to the first sample of the source.
+    @param sourceStride An offset between successive source samples
+    expressed in samples (not bytes.) It may be negative.
+    @param count The number of samples to convert.
+    @param ditherState State information used to calculate dither. Converters
+    that do not perform dithering will ignore this parameter, in which case
+    NULL or invalid dither state may be passed.
+*/
+typedef void PaUtilConverter(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride,
+    void *sourceBuffer, signed int sourceStride,
+    unsigned int count, struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherGenerator );
+
+
+/** Find a sample converter function for the given source and destinations
+    formats and flags (clip and dither.)
+    @return
+    A pointer to a PaUtilConverter which will perform the requested
+    conversion, or NULL if the given format conversion is not supported.
+    For conversions where clipping or dithering is not necessary, the
+    clip and dither flags are ignored and a non-clipping or dithering
+    version is returned.
+    If the source and destination formats are the same, a function which
+    copies data of the appropriate size will be returned.
+*/
+PaUtilConverter* PaUtil_SelectConverter( PaSampleFormat sourceFormat,
+        PaSampleFormat destinationFormat, PaStreamFlags flags );
+
+
+/** The generic buffer zeroer prototype. Buffer zeroers copy count zeros to
+    destinationBuffer. The actual type of the data pointed to varys for
+    different zeroer functions.
+    @param destinationBuffer A pointer to the first sample of the destination.
+    @param destinationStride An offset between successive destination samples
+    expressed in samples (not bytes.) It may be negative.
+    @param count The number of samples to zero.
+*/
+typedef void PaUtilZeroer(
+    void *destinationBuffer, signed int destinationStride, unsigned int count );
+
+
+/** Find a buffer zeroer function for the given destination format.
+    @return
+    A pointer to a PaUtilZeroer which will perform the requested
+    zeroing.
+*/
+PaUtilZeroer* PaUtil_SelectZeroer( PaSampleFormat destinationFormat );
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/* low level functions and data structures which may be used for
+    substituting conversion functions */
+
+
+/** The type used to store all sample conversion functions.
+    @see paConverters;
+*/
+typedef struct{
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_Clip;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int32_DitherClip;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_Clip;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int24_DitherClip;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_Clip;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int16_DitherClip;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_Clip;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_Int8_DitherClip;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_Clip;
+    PaUtilConverter *Float32_To_UInt8_DitherClip;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Float32;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int24;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int24_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int16;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int16_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int8;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_Int8_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_UInt8;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int32_To_UInt8_Dither;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Float32;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int32;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int16;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int16_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int8;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_Int8_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_UInt8;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int24_To_UInt8_Dither;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Float32;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int32;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int24;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int8;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_Int8_Dither;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_UInt8;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int16_To_UInt8_Dither;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Float32;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int32;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int24;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_Int16;
+    PaUtilConverter *Int8_To_UInt8;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Float32;
+    PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int32;
+    PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int24;
+    PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int16;
+    PaUtilConverter *UInt8_To_Int8;
+
+    PaUtilConverter *Copy_8_To_8;       /* copy without any conversion */
+    PaUtilConverter *Copy_16_To_16;     /* copy without any conversion */
+    PaUtilConverter *Copy_24_To_24;     /* copy without any conversion */
+    PaUtilConverter *Copy_32_To_32;     /* copy without any conversion */
+} PaUtilConverterTable;
+
+
+/** A table of pointers to all required converter functions.
+    PaUtil_SelectConverter() uses this table to lookup the appropriate
+    conversion functions. The fields of this structure are initialized
+    with default conversion functions. Fields may be NULL, indicating that
+    no conversion function is available. User code may substitute optimised
+    conversion functions by assigning different function pointers to
+    these fields.
+
+    @note
+    If the PA_NO_STANDARD_CONVERTERS preprocessor variable is defined,
+    PortAudio's standard converters will not be compiled, and all fields
+    of this structure will be initialized to NULL. In such cases, users
+    should supply their own conversion functions if the require PortAudio
+    to open a stream that requires sample conversion.
+
+    @see PaUtilConverterTable, PaUtilConverter, PaUtil_SelectConverter
+*/
+extern PaUtilConverterTable paConverters;
+
+
+/** The type used to store all buffer zeroing functions.
+    @see paZeroers;
+*/
+typedef struct{
+    PaUtilZeroer *ZeroU8; /* unsigned 8 bit, zero == 128 */
+    PaUtilZeroer *Zero8;
+    PaUtilZeroer *Zero16;
+    PaUtilZeroer *Zero24;
+    PaUtilZeroer *Zero32;
+} PaUtilZeroerTable;
+
+
+/** A table of pointers to all required zeroer functions.
+    PaUtil_SelectZeroer() uses this table to lookup the appropriate
+    conversion functions. The fields of this structure are initialized
+    with default conversion functions. User code may substitute optimised
+    conversion functions by assigning different function pointers to
+    these fields.
+
+    @note
+    If the PA_NO_STANDARD_ZEROERS preprocessor variable is defined,
+    PortAudio's standard zeroers will not be compiled, and all fields
+    of this structure will be initialized to NULL. In such cases, users
+    should supply their own zeroing functions for the sample sizes which
+    they intend to use.
+
+    @see PaUtilZeroerTable, PaUtilZeroer, PaUtil_SelectZeroer
+*/
+extern PaUtilZeroerTable paZeroers;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_CONVERTERS_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_cpuload.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_cpuload.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de57db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_cpuload.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library CPU Load measurement functions
+ * Portable CPU load measurement facility.
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Functions to assist in measuring the CPU utilization of a callback
+ stream. Used to implement the Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad() function.
+
+ @todo Dynamically calculate the coefficients used to smooth the CPU Load
+ Measurements over time to provide a uniform characterisation of CPU Load
+ independent of rate at which PaUtil_BeginCpuLoadMeasurement /
+ PaUtil_EndCpuLoadMeasurement are called. see http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/113
+*/
+
+
+#include "pa_cpuload.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "pa_util.h"   /* for PaUtil_GetTime() */
+
+
+void PaUtil_InitializeCpuLoadMeasurer( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer, double sampleRate )
+{
+    assert( sampleRate > 0 );
+
+    measurer->samplingPeriod = 1. / sampleRate;
+    measurer->averageLoad = 0.;
+}
+
+void PaUtil_ResetCpuLoadMeasurer( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer )
+{
+    measurer->averageLoad = 0.;
+}
+
+void PaUtil_BeginCpuLoadMeasurement( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer )
+{
+    measurer->measurementStartTime = PaUtil_GetTime();
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_EndCpuLoadMeasurement( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer, unsigned long framesProcessed )
+{
+    double measurementEndTime, secondsFor100Percent, measuredLoad;
+
+    if( framesProcessed > 0 ){
+        measurementEndTime = PaUtil_GetTime();
+
+        assert( framesProcessed > 0 );
+        secondsFor100Percent = framesProcessed * measurer->samplingPeriod;
+
+        measuredLoad = (measurementEndTime - measurer->measurementStartTime) / secondsFor100Percent;
+
+        /* Low pass filter the calculated CPU load to reduce jitter using a simple IIR low pass filter. */
+        /** FIXME @todo these coefficients shouldn't be hardwired see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/113 */
+#define LOWPASS_COEFFICIENT_0   (0.9)
+#define LOWPASS_COEFFICIENT_1   (0.99999 - LOWPASS_COEFFICIENT_0)
+
+        measurer->averageLoad = (LOWPASS_COEFFICIENT_0 * measurer->averageLoad) +
+                                (LOWPASS_COEFFICIENT_1 * measuredLoad);
+    }
+}
+
+
+double PaUtil_GetCpuLoad( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer )
+{
+    return measurer->averageLoad;
+}
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_cpuload.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_cpuload.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d3f618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_cpuload.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#ifndef PA_CPULOAD_H
+#define PA_CPULOAD_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library CPU Load measurement functions
+ * Portable CPU load measurement facility.
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Functions to assist in measuring the CPU utilization of a callback
+ stream. Used to implement the Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad() function.
+*/
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+typedef struct {
+    double samplingPeriod;
+    double measurementStartTime;
+    double averageLoad;
+} PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer; /**< @todo need better name than measurer */
+
+void PaUtil_InitializeCpuLoadMeasurer( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer, double sampleRate );
+void PaUtil_BeginCpuLoadMeasurement( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer );
+void PaUtil_EndCpuLoadMeasurement( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer, unsigned long framesProcessed );
+void PaUtil_ResetCpuLoadMeasurer( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer );
+double PaUtil_GetCpuLoad( PaUtilCpuLoadMeasurer* measurer );
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_CPULOAD_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_debugprint.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_debugprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e4024c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_debugprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/*
+ * $Id: pa_log.c $
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library Multi-Host API front end
+ * Validate function parameters and manage multiple host APIs.
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Implements log function.
+
+    PaUtil_SetLogPrintFunction can be user called to replace the provided
+    DefaultLogPrint function, which writes to stderr.
+    One can NOT pass var_args across compiler/dll boundaries as it is not
+    "byte code/abi portable". So the technique used here is to allocate a local
+    a static array, write in it, then callback the user with a pointer to its
+    start.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include "pa_debugprint.h"
+
+// for OutputDebugStringA
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(PA_ENABLE_MSVC_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
+    #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // exclude rare headers
+    #include "windows.h"
+#endif
+
+// User callback
+static PaUtilLogCallback userCB = NULL;
+
+// Sets user callback
+void PaUtil_SetDebugPrintFunction(PaUtilLogCallback cb)
+{
+    userCB = cb;
+}
+
+/*
+ If your platform doesn't have vsnprintf, you are stuck with a
+ VERY dangerous alternative, vsprintf (with no n)
+*/
+#if _MSC_VER
+    /* Some Windows Mobile SDKs don't define vsnprintf but all define _vsnprintf (hopefully).
+       According to MSDN "vsnprintf is identical to _vsnprintf". So we use _vsnprintf with MSC.
+    */
+    #define VSNPRINTF  _vsnprintf
+#else
+    #define VSNPRINTF  vsnprintf
+#endif
+
+#define PA_LOG_BUF_SIZE 2048
+
+void PaUtil_DebugPrint( const char *format, ... )
+{
+    // Optional logging into Output console of Visual Studio
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(PA_ENABLE_MSVC_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
+    {
+        char buf[PA_LOG_BUF_SIZE];
+        va_list ap;
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        VSNPRINTF(buf, sizeof(buf), format, ap);
+        buf[sizeof(buf)-1] = 0;
+        OutputDebugStringA(buf);
+        va_end(ap);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Output to User-Callback
+    if (userCB != NULL)
+    {
+        char strdump[PA_LOG_BUF_SIZE];
+        va_list ap;
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        VSNPRINTF(strdump, sizeof(strdump), format, ap);
+        strdump[sizeof(strdump)-1] = 0;
+        userCB(strdump);
+        va_end(ap);
+    }
+    else
+    // Standard output to stderr
+    {
+        va_list ap;
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+        fflush(stderr);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_debugprint.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_debugprint.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca81724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_debugprint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#ifndef PA_LOG_H
+#define PA_LOG_H
+/*
+ * Log file redirector function
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+*/
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+
+void PaUtil_DebugPrint( const char *format, ... );
+
+
+/*
+    The basic format for log messages is described below. If you need to
+    add any log messages, please follow this format.
+
+    Function entry (void function):
+
+        "FunctionName called.\n"
+
+    Function entry (non void function):
+
+        "FunctionName called:\n"
+        "\tParam1Type param1: param1Value\n"
+        "\tParam2Type param2: param2Value\n"      (etc...)
+
+
+    Function exit (no return value):
+
+        "FunctionName returned.\n"
+
+    Function exit (simple return value):
+
+        "FunctionName returned:\n"
+        "\tReturnType: returnValue\n"
+
+    If the return type is an error code, the error text is displayed in ()
+
+    If the return type is not an error code, but has taken a special value
+    because an error occurred, then the reason for the error is shown in []
+
+    If the return type is a struct ptr, the struct is dumped.
+
+    See the code below for examples
+*/
+
+/** PA_DEBUG() provides a simple debug message printing facility. The macro
+ passes it's argument to a printf-like function called PaUtil_DebugPrint()
+ which prints to stderr and always flushes the stream after printing.
+ Because preprocessor macros cannot directly accept variable length argument
+ lists, calls to the macro must include an additional set of parenthesis, eg:
+ PA_DEBUG(("errorno: %d", 1001 ));
+*/
+
+
+#ifdef PA_ENABLE_DEBUG_OUTPUT
+#define PA_DEBUG(x) PaUtil_DebugPrint x ;
+#else
+#define PA_DEBUG(x)
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
+#define PA_LOGAPI(x) PaUtil_DebugPrint x
+
+#define PA_LOGAPI_ENTER(functionName) PaUtil_DebugPrint( functionName " called.\n" )
+
+#define PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS(functionName) PaUtil_DebugPrint( functionName " called:\n" )
+
+#define PA_LOGAPI_EXIT(functionName) PaUtil_DebugPrint( functionName " returned.\n" )
+
+#define PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( functionName, result ) \
+    PaUtil_DebugPrint( functionName " returned:\n" ); \
+    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) )
+
+#define PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_T( functionName, resultFormatString, result ) \
+    PaUtil_DebugPrint( functionName " returned:\n" ); \
+    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t" resultFormatString "\n", result )
+
+#define PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( functionName, positiveResultFormatString, result ) \
+    PaUtil_DebugPrint( functionName " returned:\n" ); \
+    if( result > 0 ) \
+        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t" positiveResultFormatString "\n", result ); \
+    else \
+        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) )
+#else
+#define PA_LOGAPI(x)
+#define PA_LOGAPI_ENTER(functionName)
+#define PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS(functionName)
+#define PA_LOGAPI_EXIT(functionName)
+#define PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( functionName, result )
+#define PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_T( functionName, resultFormatString, result )
+#define PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( functionName, positiveResultFormatString, result )
+#endif
+
+
+typedef void (*PaUtilLogCallback ) (const char *log);
+
+/**
+    Install user provided log function
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetDebugPrintFunction(PaUtilLogCallback  cb);
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_LOG_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_dither.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_dither.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d1666a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_dither.c
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library triangular dither generator
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Phil Burk, Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Functions for generating dither noise
+*/
+
+#include "pa_types.h"
+#include "pa_dither.h"
+
+
+/* Note that the linear congruential algorithm requires 32 bit integers
+ * because it uses arithmetic overflow. So use PaUint32 instead of
+ * unsigned long so it will work on 64 bit systems.
+ */
+
+#define PA_DITHER_BITS_   (15)
+
+
+void PaUtil_InitializeTriangularDitherState( PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *state )
+{
+    state->previous = 0;
+    state->randSeed1 = 22222;
+    state->randSeed2 = 5555555;
+}
+
+
+PaInt32 PaUtil_Generate16BitTriangularDither( PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *state )
+{
+    PaInt32 current, highPass;
+
+    /* Generate two random numbers. */
+    state->randSeed1 = (state->randSeed1 * 196314165) + 907633515;
+    state->randSeed2 = (state->randSeed2 * 196314165) + 907633515;
+
+    /* Generate triangular distribution about 0.
+     * Shift before adding to prevent overflow which would skew the distribution.
+     * Also shift an extra bit for the high pass filter.
+     */
+#define DITHER_SHIFT_  ((sizeof(PaInt32)*8 - PA_DITHER_BITS_) + 1)
+
+    current = (((PaInt32)state->randSeed1)>>DITHER_SHIFT_) +
+              (((PaInt32)state->randSeed2)>>DITHER_SHIFT_);
+
+    /* High pass filter to reduce audibility. */
+    highPass = current - state->previous;
+    state->previous = current;
+    return highPass;
+}
+
+
+/* Multiply by PA_FLOAT_DITHER_SCALE_ to get a float between -2.0 and +1.99999 */
+#define PA_FLOAT_DITHER_SCALE_  (1.0f / ((1<<PA_DITHER_BITS_)-1))
+static const float const_float_dither_scale_ = PA_FLOAT_DITHER_SCALE_;
+
+float PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *state )
+{
+    PaInt32 current, highPass;
+
+    /* Generate two random numbers. */
+    state->randSeed1 = (state->randSeed1 * 196314165) + 907633515;
+    state->randSeed2 = (state->randSeed2 * 196314165) + 907633515;
+
+    /* Generate triangular distribution about 0.
+     * Shift before adding to prevent overflow which would skew the distribution.
+     * Also shift an extra bit for the high pass filter.
+     */
+    current = (((PaInt32)state->randSeed1)>>DITHER_SHIFT_) +
+              (((PaInt32)state->randSeed2)>>DITHER_SHIFT_);
+
+    /* High pass filter to reduce audibility. */
+    highPass = current - state->previous;
+    state->previous = current;
+    return ((float)highPass) * const_float_dither_scale_;
+}
+
+
+/*
+The following alternate dither algorithms (from musicdsp.org) could be
+considered
+*/
+
+/*Noise shaped dither  (March 2000)
+-------------------
+
+This is a simple implementation of highpass triangular-PDF dither with
+2nd-order noise shaping, for use when truncating floating point audio
+data to fixed point.
+
+The noise shaping lowers the noise floor by 11dB below 5kHz (@ 44100Hz
+sample rate) compared to triangular-PDF dither. The code below assumes
+input data is in the range +1 to -1 and doesn't check for overloads!
+
+To save time when generating dither for multiple channels you can do
+things like this:  r3=(r1 & 0x7F)<<8; instead of calling rand() again.
+
+
+
+  int   r1, r2;                //rectangular-PDF random numbers
+  float s1, s2;                //error feedback buffers
+  float s = 0.5f;              //set to 0.0f for no noise shaping
+  float w = pow(2.0,bits-1);   //word length (usually bits=16)
+  float wi= 1.0f/w;
+  float d = wi / RAND_MAX;     //dither amplitude (2 lsb)
+  float o = wi * 0.5f;         //remove dc offset
+  float in, tmp;
+  int   out;
+
+
+//for each sample...
+
+  r2=r1;                               //can make HP-TRI dither by
+  r1=rand();                           //subtracting previous rand()
+
+  in += s * (s1 + s1 - s2);            //error feedback
+  tmp = in + o + d * (float)(r1 - r2); //dc offset and dither
+
+  out = (int)(w * tmp);                //truncate downwards
+  if(tmp<0.0f) out--;                  //this is faster than floor()
+
+  s2 = s1;
+  s1 = in - wi * (float)out;           //error
+
+
+
+--
+paul.kellett@maxim.abel.co.uk
+http://www.maxim.abel.co.uk
+*/
+
+
+/*
+16-to-8-bit first-order dither
+
+Type : First order error feedforward dithering code
+References : Posted by Jon Watte
+
+Notes :
+This is about as simple a dithering algorithm as you can implement, but it's
+likely to sound better than just truncating to N bits.
+
+Note that you might not want to carry forward the full difference for infinity.
+It's probably likely that the worst performance hit comes from the saturation
+conditionals, which can be avoided with appropriate instructions on many DSPs
+and integer SIMD type instructions, or CMOV.
+
+Last, if sound quality is paramount (such as when going from > 16 bits to 16
+bits) you probably want to use a higher-order dither function found elsewhere
+on this site.
+
+
+Code :
+// This code will down-convert and dither a 16-bit signed short
+// mono signal into an 8-bit unsigned char signal, using a first
+// order forward-feeding error term dither.
+
+#define uchar unsigned char
+
+void dither_one_channel_16_to_8( short * input, uchar * output, int count, int * memory )
+{
+  int m = *memory;
+  while( count-- > 0 ) {
+    int i = *input++;
+    i += m;
+    int j = i + 32768 - 128;
+    uchar o;
+    if( j < 0 ) {
+      o = 0;
+    }
+    else if( j > 65535 ) {
+      o = 255;
+    }
+    else {
+      o = (uchar)((j>>8)&0xff);
+    }
+    m = ((j-32768+128)-i);
+    *output++ = o;
+  }
+  *memory = m;
+}
+*/
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_dither.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_dither.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f81123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_dither.h
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#ifndef PA_DITHER_H
+#define PA_DITHER_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library triangular dither generator
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Phil Burk, Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Functions for generating dither noise
+*/
+
+#include "pa_types.h"
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* Note that the linear congruential algorithm requires 32 bit integers
+ * because it uses arithmetic overflow. So use PaUint32 instead of
+ * unsigned long so it will work on 64 bit systems.
+ */
+
+/** @brief State needed to generate a dither signal */
+typedef struct PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator{
+    PaUint32 previous;
+    PaUint32 randSeed1;
+    PaUint32 randSeed2;
+} PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator;
+
+
+/** @brief Initialize dither state */
+void PaUtil_InitializeTriangularDitherState( PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherState );
+
+
+/**
+ @brief Calculate 2 LSB dither signal with a triangular distribution.
+ Ranged for adding to a 1 bit right-shifted 32 bit integer
+ prior to >>15. eg:
+<pre>
+    signed long in = *
+    signed long dither = PaUtil_Generate16BitTriangularDither( ditherState );
+    signed short out = (signed short)(((in>>1) + dither) >> 15);
+</pre>
+ @return
+ A signed 32-bit integer with a range of +32767 to -32768
+*/
+PaInt32 PaUtil_Generate16BitTriangularDither( PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherState );
+
+
+/**
+ @brief Calculate 2 LSB dither signal with a triangular distribution.
+ Ranged for adding to a pre-scaled float.
+<pre>
+    float in = *
+    float dither = PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( ditherState );
+    // use smaller scaler to prevent overflow when we add the dither
+    signed short out = (signed short)(in*(32766.0f) + dither );
+</pre>
+ @return
+ A float with a range of -2.0 to +1.99999.
+*/
+float PaUtil_GenerateFloatTriangularDither( PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator *ditherState );
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_DITHER_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_endianness.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_endianness.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e074836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_endianness.h
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#ifndef PA_ENDIANNESS_H
+#define PA_ENDIANNESS_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library current platform endianness macros
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Phil Burk, Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Configure endianness symbols for the target processor.
+
+ Arrange for either the PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN or PA_BIG_ENDIAN preprocessor symbols
+ to be defined. The one that is defined reflects the endianness of the target
+ platform and may be used to implement conditional compilation of byte-order
+ dependent code.
+
+ If either PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN or PA_BIG_ENDIAN is defined already, then no attempt
+ is made to override that setting. This may be useful if you have a better way
+ of determining the platform's endianness. The autoconf mechanism uses this for
+ example.
+
+ A PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS macro is provided to compare the compile time
+ and runtime endianness and raise an assertion if they don't match.
+*/
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* If this is an apple, we need to do detect endianness this way */
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+    /* we need to do some endian detection that is sensitive to hardware arch */
+    #if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+        #if !defined( PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN )
+            #define PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+        #endif
+        #if defined( PA_BIG_ENDIAN )
+            #undef PA_BIG_ENDIAN
+        #endif
+    #else
+        #if !defined( PA_BIG_ENDIAN )
+            #define PA_BIG_ENDIAN
+        #endif
+        #if defined( PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN )
+            #undef PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+        #endif
+    #endif
+#else
+    /* this is not an apple, so first check the existing defines, and, failing that,
+       detect well-known architectures. */
+
+    #if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN) || defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        /* endianness define has been set externally, such as by autoconf */
+
+        #if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        #error both PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN and PA_BIG_ENDIAN have been defined externally to pa_endianness.h - only one endianness at a time please
+        #endif
+
+    #else
+        /* endianness define has not been set externally */
+
+        /* set PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN or PA_BIG_ENDIAN by testing well known platform specific defines */
+
+        #if defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(__NT__) || defined(LITTLE_ENDIAN) || defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__x86_64__)
+            #define PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN /* win32, assume intel byte order */
+        #else
+            #define PA_BIG_ENDIAN
+        #endif
+    #endif
+
+    #if !defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        /*
+         If the following error is raised, you either need to modify the code above
+         to automatically determine the endianness from other symbols defined on your
+         platform, or define either PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN or PA_BIG_ENDIAN externally.
+        */
+        #error pa_endianness.h was unable to automatically determine the endianness of the target platform
+    #endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+/* PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS compares the compile time and runtime endianness,
+ and raises an assertion if they don't match. <assert.h> must be included in
+ the context in which this macro is used.
+*/
+#if defined(NDEBUG)
+    #define PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS
+#else
+    #if defined(PA_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        #define PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS \
+        { \
+            const long nativeOne = 1; \
+            assert( "PortAudio: compile time and runtime endianness don't match" && (((char *)&nativeOne)[0]) == 1 ); \
+        }
+    #elif defined(PA_BIG_ENDIAN)
+        #define PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS \
+        { \
+            const long nativeOne = 1; \
+            assert( "PortAudio: compile time and runtime endianness don't match" && (((char *)&nativeOne)[0]) == 0 ); \
+        }
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_ENDIANNESS_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_front.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_front.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65a656f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_front.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1810 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library Multi-Host API front end
+ * Validate function parameters and manage multiple host APIs.
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Implements PortAudio API functions defined in portaudio.h, checks
+ some errors, delegates platform-specific behavior to host API implementations.
+
+ Implements the functions defined in the PortAudio API (portaudio.h),
+ validates some parameters and checks for state inconsistencies before
+ forwarding API requests to specific Host API implementations (via the
+ interface declared in pa_hostapi.h), and Streams (via the interface
+ declared in pa_stream.h).
+
+ This file manages initialization and termination of Host API
+ implementations via initializer functions stored in the paHostApiInitializers
+ global array (usually defined in an os-specific pa_[os]_hostapis.c file).
+
+ This file maintains a list of all open streams and closes them at Pa_Terminate().
+
+ Some utility functions declared in pa_util.h are implemented in this file.
+
+ All PortAudio API functions can be conditionally compiled with logging code.
+ To compile with logging, define the PA_LOG_API_CALLS precompiler symbol.
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <memory.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h> /* needed for strtol() */
+#include <assert.h> /* needed by PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS */
+
+#include "portaudio.h"
+#include "pa_util.h"
+#include "pa_endianness.h"
+#include "pa_types.h"
+#include "pa_hostapi.h"
+#include "pa_stream.h"
+#include "pa_trace.h" /* still useful?*/
+#include "pa_debugprint.h"
+
+#ifndef PA_GIT_REVISION
+#include "pa_gitrevision.h"
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * This is incremented if we make incompatible API changes.
+ * This version scheme is based loosely on http://semver.org/
+ */
+#define paVersionMajor     19
+
+/**
+ * This is incremented when we add functionality in a backwards-compatible manner.
+ * Or it is set to zero when paVersionMajor is incremented.
+ */
+#define paVersionMinor      7
+
+/**
+ * This is incremented when we make backwards-compatible bug fixes.
+ * Or it is set to zero when paVersionMinor changes.
+ */
+#define paVersionSubMinor   0
+
+/**
+ * This is a combination of paVersionMajor, paVersionMinor and paVersionSubMinor.
+ * It will always increase so that version numbers can be compared as integers to
+ * see which is later.
+ */
+#define paVersion  paMakeVersionNumber(paVersionMajor, paVersionMinor, paVersionSubMinor)
+
+#define STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define TOSTRING(x) STRINGIFY(x)
+
+#define PA_VERSION_STRING_ TOSTRING(paVersionMajor) "." TOSTRING(paVersionMinor) "." TOSTRING(paVersionSubMinor)
+#define PA_VERSION_TEXT_   "PortAudio V" PA_VERSION_STRING_ "-devel, revision " TOSTRING(PA_GIT_REVISION)
+
+int Pa_GetVersion( void )
+{
+    return paVersion;
+}
+
+const char* Pa_GetVersionText( void )
+{
+    return PA_VERSION_TEXT_;
+}
+
+static PaVersionInfo versionInfo_ = {
+    /*.versionMajor =*/ paVersionMajor,
+    /*.versionMinor =*/ paVersionMinor,
+    /*.versionSubMinor =*/ paVersionSubMinor,
+    /*.versionControlRevision =*/ TOSTRING(PA_GIT_REVISION),
+    /*.versionText =*/ PA_VERSION_TEXT_
+};
+
+const PaVersionInfo* Pa_GetVersionInfo( void )
+{
+    return &versionInfo_;
+}
+
+#define PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_  1024
+
+static char lastHostErrorText_[ PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_ + 1 ] = {0};
+
+static PaHostErrorInfo lastHostErrorInfo_ = { (PaHostApiTypeId)-1, 0, lastHostErrorText_ };
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo( PaHostApiTypeId hostApiType, long errorCode,
+        const char *errorText )
+{
+    lastHostErrorInfo_.hostApiType = hostApiType;
+    lastHostErrorInfo_.errorCode = errorCode;
+
+    strncpy( lastHostErrorText_, errorText, PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_ );
+}
+
+
+
+static PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApis_ = 0;
+static int hostApisCount_ = 0;
+static int defaultHostApiIndex_ = 0;
+static int initializationCount_ = 0;
+static int deviceCount_ = 0;
+
+PaUtilStreamRepresentation *firstOpenStream_ = NULL;
+
+
+#define PA_IS_INITIALISED_ (initializationCount_ != 0)
+
+
+static int CountHostApiInitializers( void )
+{
+    int result = 0;
+
+    while( paHostApiInitializers[ result ] != 0 )
+        ++result;
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+static void TerminateHostApis( void )
+{
+    /* terminate in reverse order from initialization */
+    PA_DEBUG(("TerminateHostApis in \n"));
+
+    while( hostApisCount_ > 0 )
+    {
+        --hostApisCount_;
+        hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->Terminate( hostApis_[hostApisCount_] );
+    }
+    hostApisCount_ = 0;
+    defaultHostApiIndex_ = 0;
+    deviceCount_ = 0;
+
+    if( hostApis_ != 0 )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( hostApis_ );
+    hostApis_ = 0;
+
+    PA_DEBUG(("TerminateHostApis out\n"));
+}
+
+
+static PaError InitializeHostApis( void )
+{
+    PaError result = paNoError;
+    int i, initializerCount, baseDeviceIndex;
+
+    initializerCount = CountHostApiInitializers();
+
+    hostApis_ = (PaUtilHostApiRepresentation**)PaUtil_AllocateMemory(
+            sizeof(PaUtilHostApiRepresentation*) * initializerCount );
+    if( !hostApis_ )
+    {
+        result = paInsufficientMemory;
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    hostApisCount_ = 0;
+    defaultHostApiIndex_ = -1; /* indicates that we haven't determined the default host API yet */
+    deviceCount_ = 0;
+    baseDeviceIndex = 0;
+
+    for( i=0; i< initializerCount; ++i )
+    {
+        hostApis_[hostApisCount_] = NULL;
+
+        PA_DEBUG(( "before paHostApiInitializers[%d].\n",i));
+
+        result = paHostApiInitializers[i]( &hostApis_[hostApisCount_], hostApisCount_ );
+        if( result != paNoError )
+            goto error;
+
+        PA_DEBUG(( "after paHostApiInitializers[%d].\n",i));
+
+        if( hostApis_[hostApisCount_] )
+        {
+            PaUtilHostApiRepresentation* hostApi = hostApis_[hostApisCount_];
+            assert( hostApi->info.defaultInputDevice < hostApi->info.deviceCount );
+            assert( hostApi->info.defaultOutputDevice < hostApi->info.deviceCount );
+
+            /* the first successfully initialized host API with a default input *or*
+               output device is used as the default host API.
+            */
+            if( (defaultHostApiIndex_ == -1) &&
+                    ( hostApi->info.defaultInputDevice != paNoDevice
+                        || hostApi->info.defaultOutputDevice != paNoDevice ) )
+            {
+                defaultHostApiIndex_ = hostApisCount_;
+            }
+
+            hostApi->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex = baseDeviceIndex;
+
+            if( hostApi->info.defaultInputDevice != paNoDevice )
+                hostApi->info.defaultInputDevice += baseDeviceIndex;
+
+            if( hostApi->info.defaultOutputDevice != paNoDevice )
+                hostApi->info.defaultOutputDevice += baseDeviceIndex;
+
+            baseDeviceIndex += hostApi->info.deviceCount;
+            deviceCount_ += hostApi->info.deviceCount;
+
+            ++hostApisCount_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* if no host APIs have devices, the default host API is the first initialized host API */
+    if( defaultHostApiIndex_ == -1 )
+        defaultHostApiIndex_ = 0;
+
+    return result;
+
+error:
+    TerminateHostApis();
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+    FindHostApi() finds the index of the host api to which
+    <device> belongs and returns it. if <hostSpecificDeviceIndex> is
+    non-null, the host specific device index is returned in it.
+    returns -1 if <device> is out of range.
+
+*/
+static int FindHostApi( PaDeviceIndex device, int *hostSpecificDeviceIndex )
+{
+    int i=0;
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+        return -1;
+
+    if( device < 0 )
+        return -1;
+
+    while( i < hostApisCount_
+            && device >= hostApis_[i]->info.deviceCount )
+    {
+
+        device -= hostApis_[i]->info.deviceCount;
+        ++i;
+    }
+
+    if( i >= hostApisCount_ )
+        return -1;
+
+    if( hostSpecificDeviceIndex )
+        *hostSpecificDeviceIndex = device;
+
+    return i;
+}
+
+
+static void AddOpenStream( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    ((PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream)->nextOpenStream = firstOpenStream_;
+    firstOpenStream_ = (PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream;
+}
+
+
+static void RemoveOpenStream( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaUtilStreamRepresentation *previous = NULL;
+    PaUtilStreamRepresentation *current = firstOpenStream_;
+
+    while( current != NULL )
+    {
+        if( ((PaStream*)current) == stream )
+        {
+            if( previous == NULL )
+            {
+                firstOpenStream_ = current->nextOpenStream;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                previous->nextOpenStream = current->nextOpenStream;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            previous = current;
+            current = current->nextOpenStream;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void CloseOpenStreams( void )
+{
+    /* we call Pa_CloseStream() here to ensure that the same destruction
+        logic is used for automatically closed streams */
+
+    while( firstOpenStream_ != NULL )
+        Pa_CloseStream( firstOpenStream_ );
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_Initialize( void )
+{
+    PaError result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_Initialize" );
+
+    if( PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        ++initializationCount_;
+        result = paNoError;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        PA_VALIDATE_TYPE_SIZES;
+        PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS;
+
+        PaUtil_InitializeClock();
+        PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages();
+
+        result = InitializeHostApis();
+        if( result == paNoError )
+            ++initializationCount_;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_Initialize", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_Terminate( void )
+{
+    PaError result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_Terminate" );
+
+    if( PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        // leave initializationCount_>0 so that Pa_CloseStream() can execute
+        if( initializationCount_ == 1 )
+        {
+            CloseOpenStreams();
+
+            TerminateHostApis();
+
+            PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages();
+        }
+        --initializationCount_;
+        result = paNoError;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result=  paNotInitialized;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_Terminate", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const PaHostErrorInfo* Pa_GetLastHostErrorInfo( void )
+{
+    return &lastHostErrorInfo_;
+}
+
+
+const char *Pa_GetErrorText( PaError errorCode )
+{
+    const char *result;
+
+    switch( errorCode )
+    {
+    case paNoError:                  result = "Success"; break;
+    case paNotInitialized:           result = "PortAudio not initialized"; break;
+    /** @todo could catenate the last host error text to result in the case of paUnanticipatedHostError. see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/114 */
+    case paUnanticipatedHostError:   result = "Unanticipated host error"; break;
+    case paInvalidChannelCount:      result = "Invalid number of channels"; break;
+    case paInvalidSampleRate:        result = "Invalid sample rate"; break;
+    case paInvalidDevice:            result = "Invalid device"; break;
+    case paInvalidFlag:              result = "Invalid flag"; break;
+    case paSampleFormatNotSupported: result = "Sample format not supported"; break;
+    case paBadIODeviceCombination:   result = "Illegal combination of I/O devices"; break;
+    case paInsufficientMemory:       result = "Insufficient memory"; break;
+    case paBufferTooBig:             result = "Buffer too big"; break;
+    case paBufferTooSmall:           result = "Buffer too small"; break;
+    case paNullCallback:             result = "No callback routine specified"; break;
+    case paBadStreamPtr:             result = "Invalid stream pointer"; break;
+    case paTimedOut:                 result = "Wait timed out"; break;
+    case paInternalError:            result = "Internal PortAudio error"; break;
+    case paDeviceUnavailable:        result = "Device unavailable"; break;
+    case paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo:   result = "Incompatible host API specific stream info"; break;
+    case paStreamIsStopped:          result = "Stream is stopped"; break;
+    case paStreamIsNotStopped:       result = "Stream is not stopped"; break;
+    case paInputOverflowed:          result = "Input overflowed"; break;
+    case paOutputUnderflowed:        result = "Output underflowed"; break;
+    case paHostApiNotFound:          result = "Host API not found"; break;
+    case paInvalidHostApi:           result = "Invalid host API"; break;
+    case paCanNotReadFromACallbackStream:       result = "Can't read from a callback stream"; break;
+    case paCanNotWriteToACallbackStream:        result = "Can't write to a callback stream"; break;
+    case paCanNotReadFromAnOutputOnlyStream:    result = "Can't read from an output only stream"; break;
+    case paCanNotWriteToAnInputOnlyStream:      result = "Can't write to an input only stream"; break;
+    case paIncompatibleStreamHostApi: result = "Incompatible stream host API"; break;
+    case paBadBufferPtr:             result = "Bad buffer pointer"; break;
+    default:
+        if( errorCode > 0 )
+            result = "Invalid error code (value greater than zero)";
+        else
+            result = "Invalid error code";
+        break;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaHostApiIndex Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex( PaHostApiTypeId type )
+{
+    PaHostApiIndex result;
+    int i;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiTypeId type: %d\n", type ));
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = paHostApiNotFound;
+
+        for( i=0; i < hostApisCount_; ++i )
+        {
+            if( hostApis_[i]->info.type == type )
+            {
+                result = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex", "PaHostApiIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_GetHostApiRepresentation( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApi,
+        PaHostApiTypeId type )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    int i;
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = paHostApiNotFound;
+
+        for( i=0; i < hostApisCount_; ++i )
+        {
+            if( hostApis_[i]->info.type == type )
+            {
+                *hostApi = hostApis_[i];
+                result = paNoError;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_DeviceIndexToHostApiDeviceIndex(
+        PaDeviceIndex *hostApiDevice, PaDeviceIndex device, struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    PaDeviceIndex x;
+
+    x = device - hostApi->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex;
+
+    if( x < 0 || x >= hostApi->info.deviceCount )
+    {
+        result = paInvalidDevice;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *hostApiDevice = x;
+        result = paNoError;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetHostApiCount( void )
+{
+    int result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetHostApiCount" );
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = hostApisCount_;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_GetHostApiCount", "PaHostApiIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetDefaultHostApi( void )
+{
+    int result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetDefaultHostApi" );
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = defaultHostApiIndex_;
+
+        /* internal consistency check: make sure that the default host api
+         index is within range */
+
+        if( result < 0 || result >= hostApisCount_ )
+        {
+            result = paInternalError;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_GetDefaultHostApi", "PaHostApiIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const PaHostApiInfo* Pa_GetHostApiInfo( PaHostApiIndex hostApi )
+{
+    PaHostApiInfo *info;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetHostApiInfo" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", hostApi ));
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        info = NULL;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiInfo*: NULL [ PortAudio not initialized ]\n" ));
+
+    }
+    else if( hostApi < 0 || hostApi >= hostApisCount_ )
+    {
+        info = NULL;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiInfo*: NULL [ hostApi out of range ]\n" ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        info = &hostApis_[hostApi]->info;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiInfo*: 0x%p\n", info ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t{\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", info->structVersion ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tPaHostApiTypeId type: %d\n", info->type ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tconst char *name: %s\n", info->name ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t}\n" ));
+
+    }
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+
+PaDeviceIndex Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToDeviceIndex( PaHostApiIndex hostApi, int hostApiDeviceIndex )
+{
+    PaDeviceIndex result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToPaDeviceIndex" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", hostApi ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tint hostApiDeviceIndex: %d\n", hostApiDeviceIndex ));
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if( hostApi < 0 || hostApi >= hostApisCount_ )
+        {
+            result = paInvalidHostApi;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( hostApiDeviceIndex < 0 ||
+                    hostApiDeviceIndex >= hostApis_[hostApi]->info.deviceCount )
+            {
+                result = paInvalidDevice;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result = hostApis_[hostApi]->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex + hostApiDeviceIndex;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToPaDeviceIndex", "PaDeviceIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDeviceCount( void )
+{
+    PaDeviceIndex result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetDeviceCount" );
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = deviceCount_;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_GetDeviceCount", "PaDeviceIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice( void )
+{
+    PaHostApiIndex hostApi;
+    PaDeviceIndex result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice" );
+
+    hostApi = Pa_GetDefaultHostApi();
+    if( hostApi < 0 )
+    {
+        result = paNoDevice;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = hostApis_[hostApi]->info.defaultInputDevice;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_T( "Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice", "PaDeviceIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice( void )
+{
+    PaHostApiIndex hostApi;
+    PaDeviceIndex result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice" );
+
+    hostApi = Pa_GetDefaultHostApi();
+    if( hostApi < 0 )
+    {
+        result = paNoDevice;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = hostApis_[hostApi]->info.defaultOutputDevice;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_T( "Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice", "PaDeviceIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const PaDeviceInfo* Pa_GetDeviceInfo( PaDeviceIndex device )
+{
+    int hostSpecificDeviceIndex;
+    int hostApiIndex = FindHostApi( device, &hostSpecificDeviceIndex );
+    PaDeviceInfo *result;
+
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetDeviceInfo" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex device: %d\n", device ));
+
+    if( hostApiIndex < 0 )
+    {
+        result = NULL;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetDeviceInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceInfo* NULL [ invalid device index ]\n" ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = hostApis_[hostApiIndex]->deviceInfos[ hostSpecificDeviceIndex ];
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetDeviceInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceInfo*: 0x%p:\n", result ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t{\n" ));
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", result->structVersion ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tconst char *name: %s\n", result->name ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", result->hostApi ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint maxInputChannels: %d\n", result->maxInputChannels ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint maxOutputChannels: %d\n", result->maxOutputChannels ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t}\n" ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+    SampleFormatIsValid() returns 1 if sampleFormat is a sample format
+    defined in portaudio.h, or 0 otherwise.
+*/
+static int SampleFormatIsValid( PaSampleFormat format )
+{
+    switch( format & ~paNonInterleaved )
+    {
+    case paFloat32: return 1;
+    case paInt16: return 1;
+    case paInt32: return 1;
+    case paInt24: return 1;
+    case paInt8: return 1;
+    case paUInt8: return 1;
+    case paCustomFormat: return 1;
+    default: return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+    NOTE: make sure this validation list is kept synchronised with the one in
+            pa_hostapi.h
+
+    ValidateOpenStreamParameters() checks that parameters to Pa_OpenStream()
+    conform to the expected values as described below. This function is
+    also designed to be used with the proposed Pa_IsFormatSupported() function.
+
+    There are basically two types of validation that could be performed:
+    Generic conformance validation, and device capability mismatch
+    validation. This function performs only generic conformance validation.
+    Validation that would require knowledge of device capabilities is
+    not performed because of potentially complex relationships between
+    combinations of parameters - for example, even if the sampleRate
+    seems ok, it might not be for a duplex stream - we have no way of
+    checking this in an API-neutral way, so we don't try.
+
+    On success the function returns PaNoError and fills in hostApi,
+    hostApiInputDeviceID, and hostApiOutputDeviceID fields. On failure
+    the function returns an error code indicating the first encountered
+    parameter error.
+
+
+    If ValidateOpenStreamParameters() returns paNoError, the following
+    assertions are guaranteed to be true.
+
+    - at least one of inputParameters & outputParmeters is valid (not NULL)
+
+    - if inputParameters & outputParameters are both valid, that
+        inputParameters->device & outputParameters->device  both use the same host api
+
+    PaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device
+        - is within range (0 to Pa_GetDeviceCount-1) Or:
+        - is paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification and
+            inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo is non-NULL and refers
+            to a valid host api
+
+    int inputParameters->channelCount
+        - if inputParameters->device is not paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification, channelCount is > 0
+        - upper bound is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+    PaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat
+        - is one of the sample formats defined in portaudio.h
+
+    void *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo
+        - if supplied its hostApi field matches the input device's host Api
+
+    PaDeviceIndex outputParmeters->device
+        - is within range (0 to Pa_GetDeviceCount-1)
+
+    int outputParmeters->channelCount
+        - if inputDevice is valid, channelCount is > 0
+        - upper bound is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+    PaSampleFormat outputParmeters->sampleFormat
+        - is one of the sample formats defined in portaudio.h
+
+    void *outputParmeters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo
+        - if supplied its hostApi field matches the output device's host Api
+
+    double sampleRate
+        - is not an 'absurd' rate (less than 1000. or greater than 384000.)
+        - sampleRate is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+    PaStreamFlags streamFlags
+        - unused platform neutral flags are zero
+        - paNeverDropInput is only used for full-duplex callback streams with
+            variable buffer size (paFramesPerBufferUnspecified)
+*/
+static PaError ValidateOpenStreamParameters(
+    const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
+    const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
+    double sampleRate,
+    unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+    PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
+    PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApi,
+    PaDeviceIndex *hostApiInputDevice,
+    PaDeviceIndex *hostApiOutputDevice )
+{
+    int inputHostApiIndex  = -1;    /* Suppress uninitialised var warnings: compiler does */
+    int outputHostApiIndex = -1;    /* not see that if inputParameters and outputParameters  */
+                                    /* are both nonzero, these indices are set. */
+
+    if( (inputParameters == NULL) && (outputParameters == NULL) )
+    {
+        return paInvalidDevice; /** @todo should be a new error code "invalid device parameters" or something */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if( inputParameters == NULL )
+        {
+            *hostApiInputDevice = paNoDevice;
+        }
+        else if( inputParameters->device == paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification )
+        {
+            if( inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo )
+            {
+                inputHostApiIndex = Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex(
+                        ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType );
+
+                if( inputHostApiIndex != -1 )
+                {
+                    *hostApiInputDevice = paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification;
+                    *hostApi = hostApis_[inputHostApiIndex];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return paInvalidDevice;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return paInvalidDevice;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( inputParameters->device < 0 || inputParameters->device >= deviceCount_ )
+                return paInvalidDevice;
+
+            inputHostApiIndex = FindHostApi( inputParameters->device, hostApiInputDevice );
+            if( inputHostApiIndex < 0 )
+                return paInternalError;
+
+            *hostApi = hostApis_[inputHostApiIndex];
+
+            if( inputParameters->channelCount <= 0 )
+                return paInvalidChannelCount;
+
+            if( !SampleFormatIsValid( inputParameters->sampleFormat ) )
+                return paSampleFormatNotSupported;
+
+            if( inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo != NULL )
+            {
+                if( ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType
+                        != (*hostApi)->info.type )
+                    return paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if( outputParameters == NULL )
+        {
+            *hostApiOutputDevice = paNoDevice;
+        }
+        else if( outputParameters->device == paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification  )
+        {
+            if( outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo )
+            {
+                outputHostApiIndex = Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex(
+                        ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType );
+
+                if( outputHostApiIndex != -1 )
+                {
+                    *hostApiOutputDevice = paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification;
+                    *hostApi = hostApis_[outputHostApiIndex];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return paInvalidDevice;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return paInvalidDevice;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( outputParameters->device < 0 || outputParameters->device >= deviceCount_ )
+                return paInvalidDevice;
+
+            outputHostApiIndex = FindHostApi( outputParameters->device, hostApiOutputDevice );
+            if( outputHostApiIndex < 0 )
+                return paInternalError;
+
+            *hostApi = hostApis_[outputHostApiIndex];
+
+            if( outputParameters->channelCount <= 0 )
+                return paInvalidChannelCount;
+
+            if( !SampleFormatIsValid( outputParameters->sampleFormat ) )
+                return paSampleFormatNotSupported;
+
+            if( outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo != NULL )
+            {
+                if( ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType
+                        != (*hostApi)->info.type )
+                    return paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if( (inputParameters != NULL) && (outputParameters != NULL) )
+        {
+            /* ensure that both devices use the same API */
+            if( inputHostApiIndex != outputHostApiIndex )
+                return paBadIODeviceCombination;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /* Check for absurd sample rates. */
+    if( (sampleRate < 1000.0) || (sampleRate > 384000.0) )
+        return paInvalidSampleRate;
+
+    if( ((streamFlags & ~paPlatformSpecificFlags) & ~(paClipOff | paDitherOff | paNeverDropInput | paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback ) ) != 0 )
+        return paInvalidFlag;
+
+    if( streamFlags & paNeverDropInput )
+    {
+        /* must be a callback stream */
+        if( !streamCallback )
+            return paInvalidFlag;
+
+        /* must be a full duplex stream */
+        if( (inputParameters == NULL) || (outputParameters == NULL) )
+            return paInvalidFlag;
+
+        /* must use paFramesPerBufferUnspecified */
+        if( framesPerBuffer != paFramesPerBufferUnspecified )
+            return paInvalidFlag;
+    }
+
+    return paNoError;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_IsFormatSupported( const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
+                              const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
+                              double sampleRate )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi = 0;
+    PaDeviceIndex hostApiInputDevice = paNoDevice, hostApiOutputDevice = paNoDevice;
+    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
+    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;
+
+
+#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_IsFormatSupported" );
+
+    if( inputParameters == NULL ){
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: NULL\n" ));
+    }else{
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: 0x%p\n", inputParameters ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device: %d\n", inputParameters->device ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tint inputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", inputParameters->channelCount ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", inputParameters->sampleFormat ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime inputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", inputParameters->suggestedLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo ));
+    }
+
+    if( outputParameters == NULL ){
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: NULL\n" ));
+    }else{
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: 0x%p\n", outputParameters ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex outputParameters->device: %d\n", outputParameters->device ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tint outputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", outputParameters->channelCount ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat outputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", outputParameters->sampleFormat ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime outputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", outputParameters->suggestedLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo ));
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate ));
+#endif
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_IsFormatSupported", result );
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    result = ValidateOpenStreamParameters( inputParameters,
+                                           outputParameters,
+                                           sampleRate, 0, paNoFlag, 0,
+                                           &hostApi,
+                                           &hostApiInputDevice,
+                                           &hostApiOutputDevice );
+    if( result != paNoError )
+    {
+        PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_IsFormatSupported", result );
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    if( inputParameters )
+    {
+        hostApiInputParameters.device = hostApiInputDevice;
+        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputParameters->channelCount;
+        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = inputParameters->sampleFormat;
+        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency = inputParameters->suggestedLatency;
+        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( outputParameters )
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParameters.device = hostApiOutputDevice;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputParameters->channelCount;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = outputParameters->sampleFormat;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency = outputParameters->suggestedLatency;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    result = hostApi->IsFormatSupported( hostApi,
+                                  hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
+                                  sampleRate );
+
+#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
+    PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+    if( result == paFormatIsSupported )
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: 0 [ paFormatIsSupported ]\n" ));
+    else
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+#endif
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_OpenStream( PaStream** stream,
+                       const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
+                       const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
+                       double sampleRate,
+                       unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+                       PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
+                       PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+                       void *userData )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi = 0;
+    PaDeviceIndex hostApiInputDevice = paNoDevice, hostApiOutputDevice = paNoDevice;
+    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
+    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;
+
+
+#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_OpenStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream** stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( inputParameters == NULL ){
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: NULL\n" ));
+    }else{
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: 0x%p\n", inputParameters ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device: %d\n", inputParameters->device ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tint inputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", inputParameters->channelCount ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", inputParameters->sampleFormat ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime inputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", inputParameters->suggestedLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo ));
+    }
+
+    if( outputParameters == NULL ){
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: NULL\n" ));
+    }else{
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: 0x%p\n", outputParameters ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex outputParameters->device: %d\n", outputParameters->device ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tint outputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", outputParameters->channelCount ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat outputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", outputParameters->sampleFormat ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime outputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", outputParameters->suggestedLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo ));
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tunsigned long framesPerBuffer: %d\n", framesPerBuffer ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamFlags streamFlags: 0x%x\n", streamFlags ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamCallback *streamCallback: 0x%p\n", streamCallback ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *userData: 0x%p\n", userData ));
+#endif
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /* Check for parameter errors.
+        NOTE: make sure this validation list is kept synchronised with the one
+        in pa_hostapi.h
+    */
+
+    if( stream == NULL )
+    {
+        result = paBadStreamPtr;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    result = ValidateOpenStreamParameters( inputParameters,
+                                           outputParameters,
+                                           sampleRate, framesPerBuffer,
+                                           streamFlags, streamCallback,
+                                           &hostApi,
+                                           &hostApiInputDevice,
+                                           &hostApiOutputDevice );
+    if( result != paNoError )
+    {
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    if( inputParameters )
+    {
+        hostApiInputParameters.device = hostApiInputDevice;
+        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputParameters->channelCount;
+        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = inputParameters->sampleFormat;
+        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency = inputParameters->suggestedLatency;
+        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( outputParameters )
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParameters.device = hostApiOutputDevice;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputParameters->channelCount;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = outputParameters->sampleFormat;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency = outputParameters->suggestedLatency;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    result = hostApi->OpenStream( hostApi, stream,
+                                  hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
+                                  sampleRate, framesPerBuffer, streamFlags, streamCallback, userData );
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+        AddOpenStream( *stream );
+
+
+    PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): 0x%p\n", *stream ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_OpenDefaultStream( PaStream** stream,
+                              int inputChannelCount,
+                              int outputChannelCount,
+                              PaSampleFormat sampleFormat,
+                              double sampleRate,
+                              unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+                              PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+                              void *userData )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
+    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_OpenDefaultStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream** stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tint inputChannelCount: %d\n", inputChannelCount ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tint outputChannelCount: %d\n", outputChannelCount ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat sampleFormat: %d\n", sampleFormat ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tunsigned long framesPerBuffer: %d\n", framesPerBuffer ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamCallback *streamCallback: 0x%p\n", streamCallback ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *userData: 0x%p\n", userData ));
+
+
+    if( inputChannelCount > 0 )
+    {
+        hostApiInputParameters.device = Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice();
+        if( hostApiInputParameters.device == paNoDevice )
+            return paDeviceUnavailable;
+
+        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputChannelCount;
+        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = sampleFormat;
+        /* defaultHighInputLatency is used below instead of
+           defaultLowInputLatency because it is more important for the default
+           stream to work reliably than it is for it to work with the lowest
+           latency.
+         */
+        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency =
+             Pa_GetDeviceInfo( hostApiInputParameters.device )->defaultHighInputLatency;
+        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = NULL;
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( outputChannelCount > 0 )
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParameters.device = Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice();
+        if( hostApiOutputParameters.device == paNoDevice )
+            return paDeviceUnavailable;
+
+        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputChannelCount;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = sampleFormat;
+        /* defaultHighOutputLatency is used below instead of
+           defaultLowOutputLatency because it is more important for the default
+           stream to work reliably than it is for it to work with the lowest
+           latency.
+         */
+        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency =
+             Pa_GetDeviceInfo( hostApiOutputParameters.device )->defaultHighOutputLatency;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = NULL;
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+
+    result = Pa_OpenStream(
+                 stream, hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
+                 sampleRate, framesPerBuffer, paNoFlag, streamCallback, userData );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenDefaultStream returned:\n" ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): 0x%p", *stream ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ ) return paNotInitialized;
+
+    if( stream == NULL ) return paBadStreamPtr;
+
+    if( ((PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream)->magic != PA_STREAM_MAGIC )
+        return paBadStreamPtr;
+
+    return paNoError;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_CloseStream( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaUtilStreamInterface *interface;
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_CloseStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    /* always remove the open stream from our list, even if this function
+        eventually returns an error. Otherwise CloseOpenStreams() will
+        get stuck in an infinite loop */
+    RemoveOpenStream( stream ); /* be sure to call this _before_ closing the stream */
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        interface = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream);
+
+        /* abort the stream if it isn't stopped */
+        result = interface->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 1 )
+            result = paNoError;
+        else if( result == 0 )
+            result = interface->Abort( stream );
+
+        if( result == paNoError )                 /** @todo REVIEW: shouldn't we close anyway? see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/115 */
+            result = interface->Close( stream );
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_CloseStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback( PaStream *stream, PaStreamFinishedCallback* streamFinishedCallback )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamFinishedCallback* streamFinishedCallback: 0x%p\n", streamFinishedCallback ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paStreamIsNotStopped ;
+        }
+        if( result == 1 )
+        {
+            PA_STREAM_REP( stream )->streamFinishedCallback = streamFinishedCallback;
+            result = paNoError;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback", result );
+
+    return result;
+
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_StartStream( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_StartStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paStreamIsNotStopped ;
+        }
+        else if( result == 1 )
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Start( stream );
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_StartStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_StopStream( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_StopStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 0 )
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Stop( stream );
+        }
+        else if( result == 1 )
+        {
+            result = paStreamIsStopped;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_StopStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_AbortStream( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_AbortStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 0 )
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Abort( stream );
+        }
+        else if( result == 1 )
+        {
+            result = paStreamIsStopped;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_AbortStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_IsStreamStopped( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_IsStreamStopped" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_IsStreamStopped", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_IsStreamActive( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_IsStreamActive" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsActive( stream );
+
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_IsStreamActive", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const PaStreamInfo* Pa_GetStreamInfo( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    const PaStreamInfo *result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamInfo" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+        result = 0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tconst PaStreamInfo*: 0 [PaError error:%d ( %s )]\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = &PA_STREAM_REP( stream )->streamInfo;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tconst PaStreamInfo*: 0x%p:\n", result ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t{" ));
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", result->structVersion ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tPaTime inputLatency: %f\n", result->inputLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tPaTime outputLatency: %f\n", result->outputLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tdouble sampleRate: %f\n", result->sampleRate ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t}\n" ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaTime Pa_GetStreamTime( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    PaTime result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamTime" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+        result = 0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamTime returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime: 0 [PaError error:%d ( %s )]\n", result, error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetTime( stream );
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamTime returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime: %g\n", result ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+double Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    double result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+
+        result = 0.0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble: 0.0 [PaError error: %d ( %s )]\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetCpuLoad( stream );
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble: %g\n", result ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_ReadStream( PaStream* stream,
+                       void *buffer,
+                       unsigned long frames )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_ReadStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        if( frames == 0 )
+        {
+            /* @todo Should we not allow the implementation to signal any overflow condition? see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/116*/
+            result = paNoError;
+        }
+        else if( buffer == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paBadBufferPtr;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+            if( result == 0 )
+            {
+                result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Read( stream, buffer, frames );
+            }
+            else if( result == 1 )
+            {
+                result = paStreamIsStopped;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_ReadStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_WriteStream( PaStream* stream,
+                        const void *buffer,
+                        unsigned long frames )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_WriteStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        if( frames == 0 )
+        {
+            /* @todo Should we not allow the implementation to signal any underflow condition? see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/116*/
+            result = paNoError;
+        }
+        else if( buffer == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paBadBufferPtr;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+            if( result == 0 )
+            {
+                result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Write( stream, buffer, frames );
+            }
+            else if( result == 1 )
+            {
+                result = paStreamIsStopped;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_WriteStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+signed long Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    signed long result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+        result = 0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tunsigned long: 0 [ PaError error: %d ( %s ) ]\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetReadAvailable( stream );
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+signed long Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    signed long result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+        result = 0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tunsigned long: 0 [ PaError error: %d ( %s ) ]\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetWriteAvailable( stream );
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_GetSampleSize( PaSampleFormat format )
+{
+    int result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetSampleSize" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat format: %d\n", format ));
+
+    switch( format & ~paNonInterleaved )
+    {
+
+    case paUInt8:
+    case paInt8:
+        result = 1;
+        break;
+
+    case paInt16:
+        result = 2;
+        break;
+
+    case paInt24:
+        result = 3;
+        break;
+
+    case paFloat32:
+    case paInt32:
+        result = 4;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        result = paSampleFormatNotSupported;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_GetSampleSize", "int: %d", result );
+
+    return (PaError) result;
+}
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_gitrevision.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_gitrevision.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5a042c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_gitrevision.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#define PA_GIT_REVISION 147dd722548358763a8b649b3e4b41dfffbcfbb6
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_hostapi.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_hostapi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ac3ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_hostapi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+#ifndef PA_HOSTAPI_H
+#define PA_HOSTAPI_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * host api representation
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Interfaces and representation structures used by pa_front.c
+ to manage and communicate with host API implementations.
+*/
+
+#include "portaudio.h"
+
+/**
+The PA_NO_* host API macros are now deprecated in favor of PA_USE_* macros.
+PA_USE_* indicates whether a particular host API will be initialized by PortAudio.
+An undefined or 0 value indicates that the host API will not be used. A value of 1
+indicates that the host API will be used. PA_USE_* macros should be left undefined
+or defined to either 0 or 1.
+
+The code below ensures that PA_USE_* macros are always defined and have value
+0 or 1. Undefined symbols are defaulted to 0. Symbols that are neither 0 nor 1
+are defaulted to 1.
+*/
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_SKELETON
+#define PA_USE_SKELETON 0
+#elif (PA_USE_SKELETON != 0) && (PA_USE_SKELETON != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_SKELETON
+#define PA_USE_SKELETON 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PA_NO_ASIO) || defined(PA_NO_DS) || defined(PA_NO_WMME) || defined(PA_NO_WASAPI) || defined(PA_NO_WDMKS)
+#error "Portaudio: PA_NO_<APINAME> is no longer supported, please remove definition and use PA_USE_<APINAME> instead"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_ASIO
+#define PA_USE_ASIO 0
+#elif (PA_USE_ASIO != 0) && (PA_USE_ASIO != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_ASIO
+#define PA_USE_ASIO 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_DS
+#define PA_USE_DS 0
+#elif (PA_USE_DS != 0) && (PA_USE_DS != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_DS
+#define PA_USE_DS 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_WMME
+#define PA_USE_WMME 0
+#elif (PA_USE_WMME != 0) && (PA_USE_WMME != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_WMME
+#define PA_USE_WMME 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_WASAPI
+#define PA_USE_WASAPI 0
+#elif (PA_USE_WASAPI != 0) && (PA_USE_WASAPI != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_WASAPI
+#define PA_USE_WASAPI 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_WDMKS
+#define PA_USE_WDMKS 0
+#elif (PA_USE_WDMKS != 0) && (PA_USE_WDMKS != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_WDMKS
+#define PA_USE_WDMKS 1
+#endif
+
+/* Set default values for Unix based APIs. */
+#if defined(PA_NO_OSS) || defined(PA_NO_ALSA) || defined(PA_NO_JACK) || defined(PA_NO_COREAUDIO) || defined(PA_NO_SGI) || defined(PA_NO_ASIHPI)
+#error "Portaudio: PA_NO_<APINAME> is no longer supported, please remove definition and use PA_USE_<APINAME> instead"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_OSS
+#define PA_USE_OSS 0
+#elif (PA_USE_OSS != 0) && (PA_USE_OSS != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_OSS
+#define PA_USE_OSS 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_ALSA
+#define PA_USE_ALSA 0
+#elif (PA_USE_ALSA != 0) && (PA_USE_ALSA != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_ALSA
+#define PA_USE_ALSA 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_JACK
+#define PA_USE_JACK 0
+#elif (PA_USE_JACK != 0) && (PA_USE_JACK != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_JACK
+#define PA_USE_JACK 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_SGI
+#define PA_USE_SGI 0
+#elif (PA_USE_SGI != 0) && (PA_USE_SGI != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_SGI
+#define PA_USE_SGI 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_COREAUDIO
+#define PA_USE_COREAUDIO 0
+#elif (PA_USE_COREAUDIO != 0) && (PA_USE_COREAUDIO != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_COREAUDIO
+#define PA_USE_COREAUDIO 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_USE_ASIHPI
+#define PA_USE_ASIHPI 0
+#elif (PA_USE_ASIHPI != 0) && (PA_USE_ASIHPI != 1)
+#undef PA_USE_ASIHPI
+#define PA_USE_ASIHPI 1
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+/** **FOR THE USE OF pa_front.c ONLY**
+    Do NOT use fields in this structure, they my change at any time.
+    Use functions defined in pa_util.h if you think you need functionality
+    which can be derived from here.
+*/
+typedef struct PaUtilPrivatePaFrontHostApiInfo {
+
+
+    unsigned long baseDeviceIndex;
+}PaUtilPrivatePaFrontHostApiInfo;
+
+
+/** The common header for all data structures whose pointers are passed through
+ the hostApiSpecificStreamInfo field of the PaStreamParameters structure.
+ Note that in order to keep the public PortAudio interface clean, this structure
+ is not used explicitly when declaring hostApiSpecificStreamInfo data structures.
+ However, some code in pa_front depends on the first 3 members being equivalent
+ with this structure.
+ @see PaStreamParameters
+*/
+typedef struct PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader
+{
+    unsigned long size;             /**< size of whole structure including this header */
+    PaHostApiTypeId hostApiType;    /**< host API for which this data is intended */
+    unsigned long version;          /**< structure version */
+} PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader;
+
+
+
+/** A structure representing the interface to a host API. Contains both
+ concrete data and pointers to functions which implement the interface.
+*/
+typedef struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation {
+    PaUtilPrivatePaFrontHostApiInfo privatePaFrontInfo;
+
+    /** The host api implementation should populate the info field. In the
+        case of info.defaultInputDevice and info.defaultOutputDevice the
+        values stored should be 0 based indices within the host api's own
+        device index range (0 to deviceCount). These values will be converted
+        to global device indices by pa_front after PaUtilHostApiInitializer()
+        returns.
+    */
+    PaHostApiInfo info;
+
+    PaDeviceInfo** deviceInfos;
+
+    /**
+        (*Terminate)() is guaranteed to be called with a valid <hostApi>
+        parameter, which was previously returned from the same implementation's
+        initializer.
+    */
+    void (*Terminate)( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi );
+
+    /**
+        The inputParameters and outputParameters pointers should not be saved
+        as they will not remain valid after OpenStream is called.
+
+
+        The following guarantees are made about parameters to (*OpenStream)():
+
+            [NOTE: the following list up to *END PA FRONT VALIDATIONS* should be
+                kept in sync with the one for ValidateOpenStreamParameters and
+                Pa_OpenStream in pa_front.c]
+
+            PaHostApiRepresentation *hostApi
+                - is valid for this implementation
+
+            PaStream** stream
+                - is non-null
+
+            - at least one of inputParameters & outputParmeters is valid (not NULL)
+
+            - if inputParameters & outputParmeters are both valid, that
+                inputParameters->device & outputParmeters->device  both use the same host api
+
+            PaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device
+                - is within range (0 to Pa_CountDevices-1) Or:
+                - is paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification and
+                    inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo is non-NULL and refers
+                    to a valid host api
+
+            int inputParameters->numChannels
+                - if inputParameters->device is not paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification, numInputChannels is > 0
+                - upper bound is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+            PaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat
+                - is one of the sample formats defined in portaudio.h
+
+            void *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo
+                - if supplied its hostApi field matches the input device's host Api
+
+            PaDeviceIndex outputParmeters->device
+                - is within range (0 to Pa_CountDevices-1)
+
+            int outputParmeters->numChannels
+                - if inputDevice is valid, numInputChannels is > 0
+                - upper bound is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+            PaSampleFormat outputParmeters->sampleFormat
+                - is one of the sample formats defined in portaudio.h
+
+            void *outputParmeters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo
+                - if supplied its hostApi field matches the output device's host Api
+
+            double sampleRate
+                - is not an 'absurd' rate (less than 1000. or greater than 384000.)
+                - sampleRate is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+            PaStreamFlags streamFlags
+                - unused platform neutral flags are zero
+                - paNeverDropInput is only used for full-duplex callback streams
+                    with variable buffer size (paFramesPerBufferUnspecified)
+
+            [*END PA FRONT VALIDATIONS*]
+
+
+        The following validations MUST be performed by (*OpenStream)():
+
+            - check that input device can support numInputChannels
+
+            - check that input device can support inputSampleFormat, or that
+                we have the capability to convert from outputSampleFormat to
+                a native format
+
+            - if inputStreamInfo is supplied, validate its contents,
+                or return an error if no inputStreamInfo is expected
+
+            - check that output device can support numOutputChannels
+
+            - check that output device can support outputSampleFormat, or that
+                we have the capability to convert from outputSampleFormat to
+                a native format
+
+            - if outputStreamInfo is supplied, validate its contents,
+                or return an error if no outputStreamInfo is expected
+
+            - if a full duplex stream is requested, check that the combination
+                of input and output parameters is supported
+
+            - check that the device supports sampleRate
+
+            - alter sampleRate to a close allowable rate if necessary
+
+            - validate inputLatency and outputLatency
+
+            - validate any platform specific flags, if flags are supplied they
+                must be valid.
+    */
+    PaError (*OpenStream)( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi,
+                           PaStream** stream,
+                           const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
+                           const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
+                           double sampleRate,
+                           unsigned long framesPerCallback,
+                           PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
+                           PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+                           void *userData );
+
+
+    PaError (*IsFormatSupported)( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi,
+                                  const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
+                                  const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
+                                  double sampleRate );
+} PaUtilHostApiRepresentation;
+
+
+/** Prototype for the initialization function which must be implemented by every
+ host API.
+
+ This function should only return an error other than paNoError if it encounters
+ an unexpected and fatal error (memory allocation error for example). In general,
+ there may be conditions under which it returns a NULL interface pointer and also
+ returns paNoError. For example, if the ASIO implementation detects that ASIO is
+ not installed, it should return a NULL interface, and paNoError.
+
+ @see paHostApiInitializers
+*/
+typedef PaError PaUtilHostApiInitializer( PaUtilHostApiRepresentation**, PaHostApiIndex );
+
+
+/** paHostApiInitializers is a NULL-terminated array of host API initialization
+ functions. These functions are called by pa_front.c to initialize the host APIs
+ when the client calls Pa_Initialize().
+
+ The initialization functions are invoked in order.
+
+ The first successfully initialized host API that has a default input *or* output
+ device is used as the default PortAudio host API. This is based on the logic that
+ there is only one default host API, and it must contain the default input and output
+ devices (if defined).
+
+ There is a platform specific file that defines paHostApiInitializers for that
+ platform, pa_win/pa_win_hostapis.c contains the Win32 definitions for example.
+*/
+extern PaUtilHostApiInitializer *paHostApiInitializers[];
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_HOSTAPI_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_memorybarrier.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_memorybarrier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dca6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_memorybarrier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ * $Id: pa_memorybarrier.h 1240 2007-07-17 13:05:07Z bjornroche $
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * Memory barrier utilities
+ *
+ * Author: Bjorn Roche, XO Audio, LLC
+ *
+ * This program uses the PortAudio Portable Audio Library.
+ * For more information see: http://www.portaudio.com
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Ross Bencina and Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/**
+ @file pa_memorybarrier.h
+ @ingroup common_src
+*/
+
+/****************
+ * Some memory barrier primitives based on the system.
+ * right now only OS X, FreeBSD, and Linux are supported. In addition to providing
+ * memory barriers, these functions should ensure that data cached in registers
+ * is written out to cache where it can be snooped by other CPUs. (ie, the volatile
+ * keyword should not be required)
+ *
+ * the primitives that must be defined are:
+ *
+ * PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()
+ * PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()
+ * PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier()
+ *
+ ****************/
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#   include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
+    /* Here are the memory barrier functions. Mac OS X only provides
+       full memory barriers, so the three types of barriers are the same,
+       however, these barriers are superior to compiler-based ones. */
+#   define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  OSMemoryBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  OSMemoryBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() OSMemoryBarrier()
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+    /* GCC >= 4.1 has built-in intrinsics. We'll use those */
+#   if (__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1)
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  __sync_synchronize()
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  __sync_synchronize()
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() __sync_synchronize()
+    /* as a fallback, GCC understands volatile asm and "memory" to mean it
+     * should not reorder memory read/writes */
+    /* Note that it is not clear that any compiler actually defines __PPC__,
+     * it can probably removed safely. */
+#   elif defined( __ppc__ ) || defined( __powerpc__) || defined( __PPC__ )
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  asm volatile("sync":::"memory")
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  asm volatile("sync":::"memory")
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() asm volatile("sync":::"memory")
+#   elif defined( __i386__ ) || defined( __i486__ ) || defined( __i586__ ) || \
+            defined( __i686__ ) || defined( __x86_64__ )
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  asm volatile("mfence":::"memory")
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  asm volatile("lfence":::"memory")
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() asm volatile("sfence":::"memory")
+#   else
+#       ifdef ALLOW_SMP_DANGERS
+#           warning Memory barriers not defined on this system or system unknown
+#           warning For SMP safety, you should fix this.
+#           define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()
+#           define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()
+#           define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier()
+#       else
+#           error Memory barriers are not defined on this system. You can still compile by defining ALLOW_SMP_DANGERS, but SMP safety will not be guaranteed.
+#       endif
+#   endif
+#elif (_MSC_VER >= 1400) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+#   include <intrin.h>
+#   pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
+#   pragma intrinsic(_ReadBarrier)
+#   pragma intrinsic(_WriteBarrier)
+/* note that MSVC intrinsics _ReadWriteBarrier(), _ReadBarrier(), _WriteBarrier() are just compiler barriers *not* memory barriers */
+#   define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  _ReadWriteBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  _ReadBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() _WriteBarrier()
+#elif defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+#   define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()
+#   define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier()
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#   define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()  _asm { lock add    [esp], 0 }
+#   define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()  _asm { lock add    [esp], 0 }
+#   define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier() _asm { lock add    [esp], 0 }
+#else
+#   ifdef ALLOW_SMP_DANGERS
+#       warning Memory barriers not defined on this system or system unknown
+#       warning For SMP safety, you should fix this.
+#       define PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier()
+#       define PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier()
+#       define PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier()
+#   else
+#       error Memory barriers are not defined on this system. You can still compile by defining ALLOW_SMP_DANGERS, but SMP safety will not be guaranteed.
+#   endif
+#endif
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_process.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_process.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..084cabb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_process.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1831 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * streamCallback <-> host buffer processing adapter
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Buffer Processor implementation.
+*/
+
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h> /* memset() */
+
+#include "pa_process.h"
+#include "pa_util.h"
+
+
+#define PA_FRAMES_PER_TEMP_BUFFER_WHEN_HOST_BUFFER_SIZE_IS_UNKNOWN_    1024
+
+#define PA_MIN_( a, b ) ( ((a)<(b)) ? (a) : (b) )
+
+
+/* greatest common divisor - PGCD in French */
+static unsigned long GCD( unsigned long a, unsigned long b )
+{
+    return (b==0) ? a : GCD( b, a%b);
+}
+
+/* least common multiple - PPCM in French */
+static unsigned long LCM( unsigned long a, unsigned long b )
+{
+    return (a*b) / GCD(a,b);
+}
+
+#define PA_MAX_( a, b ) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+
+static unsigned long CalculateFrameShift( unsigned long M, unsigned long N )
+{
+    unsigned long result = 0;
+    unsigned long i;
+    unsigned long lcm;
+
+    assert( M > 0 );
+    assert( N > 0 );
+
+    lcm = LCM( M, N );
+    for( i = M; i < lcm; i += M )
+        result = PA_MAX_( result, i % N );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        int inputChannelCount, PaSampleFormat userInputSampleFormat,
+        PaSampleFormat hostInputSampleFormat,
+        int outputChannelCount, PaSampleFormat userOutputSampleFormat,
+        PaSampleFormat hostOutputSampleFormat,
+        double sampleRate,
+        PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
+        unsigned long framesPerUserBuffer,
+        unsigned long framesPerHostBuffer,
+        PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode hostBufferSizeMode,
+        PaStreamCallback *streamCallback, void *userData )
+{
+    PaError result = paNoError;
+    PaError bytesPerSample;
+    unsigned long tempInputBufferSize, tempOutputBufferSize;
+    PaStreamFlags tempInputStreamFlags;
+
+    if( streamFlags & paNeverDropInput )
+    {
+        /* paNeverDropInput is only valid for full-duplex callback streams, with an unspecified number of frames per buffer. */
+        if( !streamCallback || !(inputChannelCount > 0 && outputChannelCount > 0) ||
+                framesPerUserBuffer != paFramesPerBufferUnspecified )
+            return paInvalidFlag;
+    }
+
+    /* initialize buffer ptrs to zero so they can be freed if necessary in error */
+    bp->tempInputBuffer = 0;
+    bp->tempInputBufferPtrs = 0;
+    bp->tempOutputBuffer = 0;
+    bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs = 0;
+
+    bp->framesPerUserBuffer = framesPerUserBuffer;
+    bp->framesPerHostBuffer = framesPerHostBuffer;
+
+    bp->inputChannelCount = inputChannelCount;
+    bp->outputChannelCount = outputChannelCount;
+
+    bp->hostBufferSizeMode = hostBufferSizeMode;
+
+    bp->hostInputChannels[0] = bp->hostInputChannels[1] = 0;
+    bp->hostOutputChannels[0] = bp->hostOutputChannels[1] = 0;
+
+    if( framesPerUserBuffer == 0 ) /* streamCallback will accept any buffer size */
+    {
+        bp->useNonAdaptingProcess = 1;
+        bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer = 0;
+        bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer = 0;
+
+        if( hostBufferSizeMode == paUtilFixedHostBufferSize
+                || hostBufferSizeMode == paUtilBoundedHostBufferSize )
+        {
+            bp->framesPerTempBuffer = framesPerHostBuffer;
+        }
+        else /* unknown host buffer size */
+        {
+            bp->framesPerTempBuffer = PA_FRAMES_PER_TEMP_BUFFER_WHEN_HOST_BUFFER_SIZE_IS_UNKNOWN_;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        bp->framesPerTempBuffer = framesPerUserBuffer;
+
+        if( hostBufferSizeMode == paUtilFixedHostBufferSize
+                && framesPerHostBuffer % framesPerUserBuffer == 0 )
+        {
+            bp->useNonAdaptingProcess = 1;
+            bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer = 0;
+            bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer = 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bp->useNonAdaptingProcess = 0;
+
+            if( inputChannelCount > 0 && outputChannelCount > 0 )
+            {
+                /* full duplex */
+                if( hostBufferSizeMode == paUtilFixedHostBufferSize )
+                {
+                    unsigned long frameShift =
+                        CalculateFrameShift( framesPerHostBuffer, framesPerUserBuffer );
+
+                    if( framesPerUserBuffer > framesPerHostBuffer )
+                    {
+                        bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer = frameShift;
+                        bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer = 0;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer = 0;
+                        bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer = frameShift;
+                    }
+                }
+                else /* variable host buffer size, add framesPerUserBuffer latency */
+                {
+                    bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer = 0;
+                    bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer = framesPerUserBuffer;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* half duplex */
+                bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer = 0;
+                bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    bp->framesInTempInputBuffer = bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer;
+    bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer = bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer;
+
+
+    if( inputChannelCount > 0 )
+    {
+        bytesPerSample = Pa_GetSampleSize( hostInputSampleFormat );
+        if( bytesPerSample > 0 )
+        {
+            bp->bytesPerHostInputSample = bytesPerSample;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = bytesPerSample;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        bytesPerSample = Pa_GetSampleSize( userInputSampleFormat );
+        if( bytesPerSample > 0 )
+        {
+            bp->bytesPerUserInputSample = bytesPerSample;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = bytesPerSample;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        /* Under the assumption that no ADC in existence delivers better than 24bits resolution,
+            we disable dithering when host input format is paInt32 and user format is paInt24,
+            since the host samples will just be padded with zeros anyway. */
+
+        tempInputStreamFlags = streamFlags;
+        if( !(tempInputStreamFlags & paDitherOff) /* dither is on */
+                && (hostInputSampleFormat & paInt32) /* host input format is int32 */
+                && (userInputSampleFormat & paInt24) /* user requested format is int24 */ ){
+
+            tempInputStreamFlags = tempInputStreamFlags | paDitherOff;
+        }
+
+        bp->inputConverter =
+            PaUtil_SelectConverter( hostInputSampleFormat, userInputSampleFormat, tempInputStreamFlags );
+
+        bp->inputZeroer = PaUtil_SelectZeroer( userInputSampleFormat );
+
+        bp->userInputIsInterleaved = (userInputSampleFormat & paNonInterleaved)?0:1;
+
+        bp->hostInputIsInterleaved = (hostInputSampleFormat & paNonInterleaved)?0:1;
+
+        bp->userInputSampleFormatIsEqualToHost = ((userInputSampleFormat & ~paNonInterleaved) == (hostInputSampleFormat & ~paNonInterleaved));
+
+        tempInputBufferSize =
+            bp->framesPerTempBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * inputChannelCount;
+
+        bp->tempInputBuffer = PaUtil_AllocateMemory( tempInputBufferSize );
+        if( bp->tempInputBuffer == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paInsufficientMemory;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        if( bp->framesInTempInputBuffer > 0 )
+            memset( bp->tempInputBuffer, 0, tempInputBufferSize );
+
+        if( userInputSampleFormat & paNonInterleaved )
+        {
+            bp->tempInputBufferPtrs =
+                (void **)PaUtil_AllocateMemory( sizeof(void*)*inputChannelCount );
+            if( bp->tempInputBufferPtrs == 0 )
+            {
+                result = paInsufficientMemory;
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+
+        bp->hostInputChannels[0] = (PaUtilChannelDescriptor*)
+                PaUtil_AllocateMemory( sizeof(PaUtilChannelDescriptor) * inputChannelCount * 2);
+        if( bp->hostInputChannels[0] == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paInsufficientMemory;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        bp->hostInputChannels[1] = &bp->hostInputChannels[0][inputChannelCount];
+    }
+
+    if( outputChannelCount > 0 )
+    {
+        bytesPerSample = Pa_GetSampleSize( hostOutputSampleFormat );
+        if( bytesPerSample > 0 )
+        {
+            bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample = bytesPerSample;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = bytesPerSample;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        bytesPerSample = Pa_GetSampleSize( userOutputSampleFormat );
+        if( bytesPerSample > 0 )
+        {
+            bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample = bytesPerSample;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = bytesPerSample;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        bp->outputConverter =
+            PaUtil_SelectConverter( userOutputSampleFormat, hostOutputSampleFormat, streamFlags );
+
+        bp->outputZeroer = PaUtil_SelectZeroer( hostOutputSampleFormat );
+
+        bp->userOutputIsInterleaved = (userOutputSampleFormat & paNonInterleaved)?0:1;
+
+        bp->hostOutputIsInterleaved = (hostOutputSampleFormat & paNonInterleaved)?0:1;
+
+        bp->userOutputSampleFormatIsEqualToHost = ((userOutputSampleFormat & ~paNonInterleaved) == (hostOutputSampleFormat & ~paNonInterleaved));
+
+        tempOutputBufferSize =
+                bp->framesPerTempBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample * outputChannelCount;
+
+        bp->tempOutputBuffer = PaUtil_AllocateMemory( tempOutputBufferSize );
+        if( bp->tempOutputBuffer == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paInsufficientMemory;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        if( bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer > 0 )
+            memset( bp->tempOutputBuffer, 0, tempOutputBufferSize );
+
+        if( userOutputSampleFormat & paNonInterleaved )
+        {
+            bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs =
+                (void **)PaUtil_AllocateMemory( sizeof(void*)*outputChannelCount );
+            if( bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs == 0 )
+            {
+                result = paInsufficientMemory;
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+
+        bp->hostOutputChannels[0] = (PaUtilChannelDescriptor*)
+                PaUtil_AllocateMemory( sizeof(PaUtilChannelDescriptor)*outputChannelCount * 2 );
+        if( bp->hostOutputChannels[0] == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paInsufficientMemory;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        bp->hostOutputChannels[1] = &bp->hostOutputChannels[0][outputChannelCount];
+    }
+
+    PaUtil_InitializeTriangularDitherState( &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+    bp->samplePeriod = 1. / sampleRate;
+
+    bp->streamCallback = streamCallback;
+    bp->userData = userData;
+
+    return result;
+
+error:
+    if( bp->tempInputBuffer )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->tempInputBuffer );
+
+    if( bp->tempInputBufferPtrs )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->tempInputBufferPtrs );
+
+    if( bp->hostInputChannels[0] )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->hostInputChannels[0] );
+
+    if( bp->tempOutputBuffer )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->tempOutputBuffer );
+
+    if( bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs );
+
+    if( bp->hostOutputChannels[0] )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->hostOutputChannels[0] );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_TerminateBufferProcessor( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp )
+{
+    if( bp->tempInputBuffer )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->tempInputBuffer );
+
+    if( bp->tempInputBufferPtrs )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->tempInputBufferPtrs );
+
+    if( bp->hostInputChannels[0] )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->hostInputChannels[0] );
+
+    if( bp->tempOutputBuffer )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->tempOutputBuffer );
+
+    if( bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs );
+
+    if( bp->hostOutputChannels[0] )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( bp->hostOutputChannels[0] );
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_ResetBufferProcessor( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp )
+{
+    unsigned long tempInputBufferSize, tempOutputBufferSize;
+
+    bp->framesInTempInputBuffer = bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer;
+    bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer = bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer;
+
+    if( bp->framesInTempInputBuffer > 0 )
+    {
+        tempInputBufferSize =
+            bp->framesPerTempBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * bp->inputChannelCount;
+        memset( bp->tempInputBuffer, 0, tempInputBufferSize );
+    }
+
+    if( bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer > 0 )
+    {
+        tempOutputBufferSize =
+            bp->framesPerTempBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample * bp->outputChannelCount;
+        memset( bp->tempOutputBuffer, 0, tempOutputBufferSize );
+    }
+}
+
+
+unsigned long PaUtil_GetBufferProcessorInputLatencyFrames( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp )
+{
+    return bp->initialFramesInTempInputBuffer;
+}
+
+
+unsigned long PaUtil_GetBufferProcessorOutputLatencyFrames( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp )
+{
+    return bp->initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetInputFrameCount( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned long frameCount )
+{
+    if( frameCount == 0 )
+        bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] = bp->framesPerHostBuffer;
+    else
+        bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] = frameCount;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetNoInput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp )
+{
+    assert( bp->inputChannelCount > 0 );
+
+    bp->hostInputChannels[0][0].data = 0;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetInputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data, unsigned int stride )
+{
+    assert( channel < bp->inputChannelCount );
+
+    bp->hostInputChannels[0][channel].data = data;
+    bp->hostInputChannels[0][channel].stride = stride;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetInterleavedInputChannels( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int firstChannel, void *data, unsigned int channelCount )
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int channel = firstChannel;
+    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char*)data;
+
+    if( channelCount == 0 )
+        channelCount = bp->inputChannelCount;
+
+    assert( firstChannel < bp->inputChannelCount );
+    assert( firstChannel + channelCount <= bp->inputChannelCount );
+    assert( bp->hostInputIsInterleaved );
+
+    for( i=0; i< channelCount; ++i )
+    {
+        bp->hostInputChannels[0][channel+i].data = p;
+        p += bp->bytesPerHostInputSample;
+        bp->hostInputChannels[0][channel+i].stride = channelCount;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedInputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data )
+{
+    assert( channel < bp->inputChannelCount );
+    assert( !bp->hostInputIsInterleaved );
+
+    bp->hostInputChannels[0][channel].data = data;
+    bp->hostInputChannels[0][channel].stride = 1;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_Set2ndInputFrameCount( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned long frameCount )
+{
+    bp->hostInputFrameCount[1] = frameCount;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_Set2ndInputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data, unsigned int stride )
+{
+    assert( channel < bp->inputChannelCount );
+
+    bp->hostInputChannels[1][channel].data = data;
+    bp->hostInputChannels[1][channel].stride = stride;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_Set2ndInterleavedInputChannels( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int firstChannel, void *data, unsigned int channelCount )
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int channel = firstChannel;
+    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char*)data;
+
+    if( channelCount == 0 )
+        channelCount = bp->inputChannelCount;
+
+    assert( firstChannel < bp->inputChannelCount );
+    assert( firstChannel + channelCount <= bp->inputChannelCount );
+    assert( bp->hostInputIsInterleaved );
+
+    for( i=0; i< channelCount; ++i )
+    {
+        bp->hostInputChannels[1][channel+i].data = p;
+        p += bp->bytesPerHostInputSample;
+        bp->hostInputChannels[1][channel+i].stride = channelCount;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_Set2ndNonInterleavedInputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data )
+{
+    assert( channel < bp->inputChannelCount );
+    assert( !bp->hostInputIsInterleaved );
+
+    bp->hostInputChannels[1][channel].data = data;
+    bp->hostInputChannels[1][channel].stride = 1;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetOutputFrameCount( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned long frameCount )
+{
+    if( frameCount == 0 )
+        bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] = bp->framesPerHostBuffer;
+    else
+        bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] = frameCount;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetNoOutput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp )
+{
+    assert( bp->outputChannelCount > 0 );
+
+    bp->hostOutputChannels[0][0].data = 0;
+
+    /* note that only NonAdaptingProcess is able to deal with no output at this stage. not implemented for AdaptingProcess */
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetOutputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data, unsigned int stride )
+{
+    assert( channel < bp->outputChannelCount );
+    assert( data != NULL );
+
+    bp->hostOutputChannels[0][channel].data = data;
+    bp->hostOutputChannels[0][channel].stride = stride;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetInterleavedOutputChannels( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int firstChannel, void *data, unsigned int channelCount )
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int channel = firstChannel;
+    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char*)data;
+
+    if( channelCount == 0 )
+        channelCount = bp->outputChannelCount;
+
+    assert( firstChannel < bp->outputChannelCount );
+    assert( firstChannel + channelCount <= bp->outputChannelCount );
+    assert( bp->hostOutputIsInterleaved );
+
+    for( i=0; i< channelCount; ++i )
+    {
+        PaUtil_SetOutputChannel( bp, channel + i, p, channelCount );
+        p += bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedOutputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data )
+{
+    assert( channel < bp->outputChannelCount );
+    assert( !bp->hostOutputIsInterleaved );
+
+    PaUtil_SetOutputChannel( bp, channel, data, 1 );
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_Set2ndOutputFrameCount( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned long frameCount )
+{
+    bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1] = frameCount;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_Set2ndOutputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data, unsigned int stride )
+{
+    assert( channel < bp->outputChannelCount );
+    assert( data != NULL );
+
+    bp->hostOutputChannels[1][channel].data = data;
+    bp->hostOutputChannels[1][channel].stride = stride;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_Set2ndInterleavedOutputChannels( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int firstChannel, void *data, unsigned int channelCount )
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int channel = firstChannel;
+    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char*)data;
+
+    if( channelCount == 0 )
+        channelCount = bp->outputChannelCount;
+
+    assert( firstChannel < bp->outputChannelCount );
+    assert( firstChannel + channelCount <= bp->outputChannelCount );
+    assert( bp->hostOutputIsInterleaved );
+
+    for( i=0; i< channelCount; ++i )
+    {
+        PaUtil_Set2ndOutputChannel( bp, channel + i, p, channelCount );
+        p += bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+    }
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_Set2ndNonInterleavedOutputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data )
+{
+    assert( channel < bp->outputChannelCount );
+    assert( !bp->hostOutputIsInterleaved );
+
+    PaUtil_Set2ndOutputChannel( bp, channel, data, 1 );
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_BeginBufferProcessing( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo* timeInfo, PaStreamCallbackFlags callbackStatusFlags )
+{
+    bp->timeInfo = timeInfo;
+
+    /* the first streamCallback will be called to process samples which are
+        currently in the input buffer before the ones starting at the timeInfo time */
+
+    bp->timeInfo->inputBufferAdcTime -= bp->framesInTempInputBuffer * bp->samplePeriod;
+
+    /* We just pass through timeInfo->currentTime provided by the caller. This is
+        not strictly conformant to the word of the spec, since the buffer processor
+        might call the callback multiple times, and we never refresh currentTime. */
+
+    /* the first streamCallback will be called to generate samples which will be
+        outputted after the frames currently in the output buffer have been
+        outputted. */
+    bp->timeInfo->outputBufferDacTime += bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer * bp->samplePeriod;
+
+    bp->callbackStatusFlags = callbackStatusFlags;
+
+    bp->hostInputFrameCount[1] = 0;
+    bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1] = 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+    NonAdaptingProcess() is a simple buffer copying adaptor that can handle
+    both full and half duplex copies. It processes framesToProcess frames,
+    broken into blocks bp->framesPerTempBuffer long.
+    This routine can be used when the streamCallback doesn't care what length
+    the buffers are, or when framesToProcess is an integer multiple of
+    bp->framesPerTempBuffer, in which case streamCallback will always be called
+    with bp->framesPerTempBuffer samples.
+*/
+static unsigned long NonAdaptingProcess( PaUtilBufferProcessor *bp,
+        int *streamCallbackResult,
+        PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostInputChannels,
+        PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostOutputChannels,
+        unsigned long framesToProcess )
+{
+    void *userInput, *userOutput;
+    unsigned char *srcBytePtr, *destBytePtr;
+    unsigned int srcSampleStrideSamples; /* stride from one sample to the next within a channel, in samples */
+    unsigned int srcChannelStrideBytes; /* stride from one channel to the next, in bytes */
+    unsigned int destSampleStrideSamples; /* stride from one sample to the next within a channel, in samples */
+    unsigned int destChannelStrideBytes; /* stride from one channel to the next, in bytes */
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned long frameCount;
+    unsigned long framesToGo = framesToProcess;
+    unsigned long framesProcessed = 0;
+    int skipOutputConvert = 0;
+    int skipInputConvert = 0;
+
+
+    if( *streamCallbackResult == paContinue )
+    {
+        do
+        {
+            frameCount = PA_MIN_( bp->framesPerTempBuffer, framesToGo );
+
+            /* configure user input buffer and convert input data (host -> user) */
+            if( bp->inputChannelCount == 0 )
+            {
+                /* no input */
+                userInput = 0;
+            }
+            else /* there are input channels */
+            {
+
+                destBytePtr = (unsigned char *)bp->tempInputBuffer;
+
+                if( bp->userInputIsInterleaved )
+                {
+                    destSampleStrideSamples = bp->inputChannelCount;
+                    destChannelStrideBytes = bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+
+                    /* process host buffer directly, or use temp buffer if formats differ or host buffer non-interleaved,
+                     * or if num channels differs between the host (set in stride) and the user (eg with some Alsa hw:) */
+                    if( bp->userInputSampleFormatIsEqualToHost && bp->hostInputIsInterleaved
+                        && bp->hostInputChannels[0][0].data && bp->inputChannelCount == hostInputChannels[0].stride )
+                    {
+                        userInput = hostInputChannels[0].data;
+                        destBytePtr = (unsigned char *)hostInputChannels[0].data;
+                        skipInputConvert = 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        userInput = bp->tempInputBuffer;
+                    }
+                }
+                else /* user input is not interleaved */
+                {
+                    destSampleStrideSamples = 1;
+                    destChannelStrideBytes = frameCount * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+
+                    /* setup non-interleaved ptrs */
+                    if( bp->userInputSampleFormatIsEqualToHost && !bp->hostInputIsInterleaved && bp->hostInputChannels[0][0].data )
+                    {
+                        for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+                        {
+                            bp->tempInputBufferPtrs[i] = hostInputChannels[i].data;
+                        }
+                        skipInputConvert = 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+                        {
+                            bp->tempInputBufferPtrs[i] = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempInputBuffer) +
+                                i * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * frameCount;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    userInput = bp->tempInputBufferPtrs;
+                }
+
+                if( !bp->hostInputChannels[0][0].data )
+                {
+                    /* no input was supplied (see PaUtil_SetNoInput), so
+                        zero the input buffer */
+
+                    for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+                    {
+                        bp->inputZeroer( destBytePtr, destSampleStrideSamples, frameCount );
+                        destBytePtr += destChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next destination channel */
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if( skipInputConvert )
+                    {
+                        for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+                        {
+                            /* advance src ptr for next iteration */
+                            hostInputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostInputChannels[i].data) +
+                                    frameCount * hostInputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostInputSample;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+                        {
+                            bp->inputConverter( destBytePtr, destSampleStrideSamples,
+                                                    hostInputChannels[i].data,
+                                                    hostInputChannels[i].stride,
+                                                    frameCount, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+                            destBytePtr += destChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next destination channel */
+
+                            /* advance src ptr for next iteration */
+                            hostInputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostInputChannels[i].data) +
+                                    frameCount * hostInputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostInputSample;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* configure user output buffer */
+            if( bp->outputChannelCount == 0 )
+            {
+                /* no output */
+                userOutput = 0;
+            }
+            else /* there are output channels */
+            {
+                if( bp->userOutputIsInterleaved )
+                {
+                    /* process host buffer directly, or use temp buffer if formats differ or host buffer non-interleaved,
+                     * or if num channels differs between the host (set in stride) and the user (eg with some Alsa hw:) */
+                    if( bp->userOutputSampleFormatIsEqualToHost && bp->hostOutputIsInterleaved
+                            && bp->outputChannelCount == hostOutputChannels[0].stride )
+                    {
+                        userOutput = hostOutputChannels[0].data;
+                        skipOutputConvert = 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        userOutput = bp->tempOutputBuffer;
+                    }
+                }
+                else /* user output is not interleaved */
+                {
+                    if( bp->userOutputSampleFormatIsEqualToHost && !bp->hostOutputIsInterleaved )
+                    {
+                        for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+                        {
+                            bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs[i] = hostOutputChannels[i].data;
+                        }
+                        skipOutputConvert = 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+                        {
+                            bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs[i] = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempOutputBuffer) +
+                                i * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample * frameCount;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    userOutput = bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs;
+                }
+            }
+
+            *streamCallbackResult = bp->streamCallback( userInput, userOutput,
+                    frameCount, bp->timeInfo, bp->callbackStatusFlags, bp->userData );
+
+            if( *streamCallbackResult == paAbort )
+            {
+                /* callback returned paAbort, don't advance framesProcessed
+                        and framesToGo, they will be handled below */
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                bp->timeInfo->inputBufferAdcTime += frameCount * bp->samplePeriod;
+                bp->timeInfo->outputBufferDacTime += frameCount * bp->samplePeriod;
+
+                /* convert output data (user -> host) */
+
+                if( bp->outputChannelCount != 0 && bp->hostOutputChannels[0][0].data )
+                {
+                    if( skipOutputConvert )
+                    {
+                        for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+                        {
+                            /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+                            hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                                    frameCount * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+
+                        srcBytePtr = (unsigned char *)bp->tempOutputBuffer;
+
+                        if( bp->userOutputIsInterleaved )
+                        {
+                            srcSampleStrideSamples = bp->outputChannelCount;
+                            srcChannelStrideBytes = bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+                        }
+                        else /* user output is not interleaved */
+                        {
+                            srcSampleStrideSamples = 1;
+                            srcChannelStrideBytes = frameCount * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+                        }
+
+                        for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+                        {
+                            bp->outputConverter(    hostOutputChannels[i].data,
+                                                    hostOutputChannels[i].stride,
+                                                    srcBytePtr, srcSampleStrideSamples,
+                                                    frameCount, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+                            srcBytePtr += srcChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next source channel */
+
+                            /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+                            hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                                        frameCount * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                framesProcessed += frameCount;
+
+                framesToGo -= frameCount;
+            }
+        }
+        while( framesToGo > 0  && *streamCallbackResult == paContinue );
+    }
+
+    if( framesToGo > 0 )
+    {
+        /* zero any remaining frames output. There will only be remaining frames
+            if the callback has returned paComplete or paAbort */
+
+        frameCount = framesToGo;
+
+        if( bp->outputChannelCount != 0 && bp->hostOutputChannels[0][0].data )
+        {
+            for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+            {
+                bp->outputZeroer(   hostOutputChannels[i].data,
+                                    hostOutputChannels[i].stride,
+                                    frameCount );
+
+                /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+                hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                        frameCount * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+            }
+        }
+
+        framesProcessed += frameCount;
+    }
+
+    return framesProcessed;
+}
+
+
+/*
+    AdaptingInputOnlyProcess() is a half duplex input buffer processor. It
+    converts data from the input buffers into the temporary input buffer,
+    when the temporary input buffer is full, it calls the streamCallback.
+*/
+static unsigned long AdaptingInputOnlyProcess( PaUtilBufferProcessor *bp,
+        int *streamCallbackResult,
+        PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostInputChannels,
+        unsigned long framesToProcess )
+{
+    void *userInput, *userOutput;
+    unsigned char *destBytePtr;
+    unsigned int destSampleStrideSamples; /* stride from one sample to the next within a channel, in samples */
+    unsigned int destChannelStrideBytes; /* stride from one channel to the next, in bytes */
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned long frameCount;
+    unsigned long framesToGo = framesToProcess;
+    unsigned long framesProcessed = 0;
+
+    userOutput = 0;
+
+    do
+    {
+        frameCount = ( bp->framesInTempInputBuffer + framesToGo > bp->framesPerUserBuffer )
+                ? ( bp->framesPerUserBuffer - bp->framesInTempInputBuffer )
+                : framesToGo;
+
+        /* convert frameCount samples into temp buffer */
+
+        if( bp->userInputIsInterleaved )
+        {
+            destBytePtr = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempInputBuffer) +
+                    bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * bp->inputChannelCount *
+                    bp->framesInTempInputBuffer;
+
+            destSampleStrideSamples = bp->inputChannelCount;
+            destChannelStrideBytes = bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+
+            userInput = bp->tempInputBuffer;
+        }
+        else /* user input is not interleaved */
+        {
+            destBytePtr = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempInputBuffer) +
+                    bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * bp->framesInTempInputBuffer;
+
+            destSampleStrideSamples = 1;
+            destChannelStrideBytes = bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+
+            /* setup non-interleaved ptrs */
+            for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+            {
+                bp->tempInputBufferPtrs[i] = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempInputBuffer) +
+                    i * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * bp->framesPerUserBuffer;
+            }
+
+            userInput = bp->tempInputBufferPtrs;
+        }
+
+        for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+        {
+            bp->inputConverter( destBytePtr, destSampleStrideSamples,
+                                    hostInputChannels[i].data,
+                                    hostInputChannels[i].stride,
+                                    frameCount, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+            destBytePtr += destChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next destination channel */
+
+            /* advance src ptr for next iteration */
+            hostInputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostInputChannels[i].data) +
+                    frameCount * hostInputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostInputSample;
+        }
+
+        bp->framesInTempInputBuffer += frameCount;
+
+        if( bp->framesInTempInputBuffer == bp->framesPerUserBuffer )
+        {
+            /**
+            @todo (non-critical optimisation)
+            The conditional below implements the continue/complete/abort mechanism
+            simply by continuing on iterating through the input buffer, but not
+            passing the data to the callback. With care, the outer loop could be
+            terminated earlier, thus some unneeded conversion cycles would be
+            saved.
+            */
+            if( *streamCallbackResult == paContinue )
+            {
+                bp->timeInfo->outputBufferDacTime = 0;
+
+                *streamCallbackResult = bp->streamCallback( userInput, userOutput,
+                        bp->framesPerUserBuffer, bp->timeInfo,
+                        bp->callbackStatusFlags, bp->userData );
+
+                bp->timeInfo->inputBufferAdcTime += bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->samplePeriod;
+            }
+
+            bp->framesInTempInputBuffer = 0;
+        }
+
+        framesProcessed += frameCount;
+
+        framesToGo -= frameCount;
+    }while( framesToGo > 0 );
+
+    return framesProcessed;
+}
+
+
+/*
+    AdaptingOutputOnlyProcess() is a half duplex output buffer processor.
+    It converts data from the temporary output buffer, to the output buffers,
+    when the temporary output buffer is empty, it calls the streamCallback.
+*/
+static unsigned long AdaptingOutputOnlyProcess( PaUtilBufferProcessor *bp,
+        int *streamCallbackResult,
+        PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostOutputChannels,
+        unsigned long framesToProcess )
+{
+    void *userInput, *userOutput;
+    unsigned char *srcBytePtr;
+    unsigned int srcSampleStrideSamples; /* stride from one sample to the next within a channel, in samples */
+    unsigned int srcChannelStrideBytes;  /* stride from one channel to the next, in bytes */
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned long frameCount;
+    unsigned long framesToGo = framesToProcess;
+    unsigned long framesProcessed = 0;
+
+    do
+    {
+        if( bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer == 0 && *streamCallbackResult == paContinue )
+        {
+            userInput = 0;
+
+            /* setup userOutput */
+            if( bp->userOutputIsInterleaved )
+            {
+                userOutput = bp->tempOutputBuffer;
+            }
+            else /* user output is not interleaved */
+            {
+                for( i = 0; i < bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+                {
+                    bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs[i] = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempOutputBuffer) +
+                            i * bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+                }
+
+                userOutput = bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs;
+            }
+
+            bp->timeInfo->inputBufferAdcTime = 0;
+
+            *streamCallbackResult = bp->streamCallback( userInput, userOutput,
+                    bp->framesPerUserBuffer, bp->timeInfo,
+                    bp->callbackStatusFlags, bp->userData );
+
+            if( *streamCallbackResult == paAbort )
+            {
+                /* if the callback returned paAbort, we disregard its output */
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                bp->timeInfo->outputBufferDacTime += bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->samplePeriod;
+
+                bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer = bp->framesPerUserBuffer;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if( bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer > 0 )
+        {
+            /* convert frameCount frames from user buffer to host buffer */
+
+            frameCount = PA_MIN_( bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer, framesToGo );
+
+            if( bp->userOutputIsInterleaved )
+            {
+                srcBytePtr = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempOutputBuffer) +
+                        bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample * bp->outputChannelCount *
+                        (bp->framesPerUserBuffer - bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer);
+
+                srcSampleStrideSamples = bp->outputChannelCount;
+                srcChannelStrideBytes = bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+            }
+            else /* user output is not interleaved */
+            {
+                srcBytePtr = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempOutputBuffer) +
+                        bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample *
+                        (bp->framesPerUserBuffer - bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer);
+
+                srcSampleStrideSamples = 1;
+                srcChannelStrideBytes = bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+            }
+
+            for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+            {
+                bp->outputConverter(    hostOutputChannels[i].data,
+                                        hostOutputChannels[i].stride,
+                                        srcBytePtr, srcSampleStrideSamples,
+                                        frameCount, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+                srcBytePtr += srcChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next source channel */
+
+                /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+                hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                        frameCount * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+            }
+
+            bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer -= frameCount;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* no more user data is available because the callback has returned
+                paComplete or paAbort. Fill the remainder of the host buffer
+                with zeros.
+            */
+
+            frameCount = framesToGo;
+
+            for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+            {
+                bp->outputZeroer(   hostOutputChannels[i].data,
+                                    hostOutputChannels[i].stride,
+                                    frameCount );
+
+                /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+                hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                        frameCount * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+            }
+        }
+
+        framesProcessed += frameCount;
+
+        framesToGo -= frameCount;
+
+    }while( framesToGo > 0 );
+
+    return framesProcessed;
+}
+
+/* CopyTempOutputBuffersToHostOutputBuffers is called from AdaptingProcess to copy frames from
+    tempOutputBuffer to hostOutputChannels. This includes data conversion
+    and interleaving.
+*/
+static void CopyTempOutputBuffersToHostOutputBuffers( PaUtilBufferProcessor *bp)
+{
+    unsigned long maxFramesToCopy;
+    PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostOutputChannels;
+    unsigned int frameCount;
+    unsigned char *srcBytePtr;
+    unsigned int srcSampleStrideSamples; /* stride from one sample to the next within a channel, in samples */
+    unsigned int srcChannelStrideBytes; /* stride from one channel to the next, in bytes */
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    /* copy frames from user to host output buffers */
+    while( bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer > 0 &&
+            ((bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] + bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1]) > 0) )
+    {
+        maxFramesToCopy = bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer;
+
+        /* select the output buffer set (1st or 2nd) */
+        if( bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] > 0 )
+        {
+            hostOutputChannels = bp->hostOutputChannels[0];
+            frameCount = PA_MIN_( bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0], maxFramesToCopy );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            hostOutputChannels = bp->hostOutputChannels[1];
+            frameCount = PA_MIN_( bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1], maxFramesToCopy );
+        }
+
+        if( bp->userOutputIsInterleaved )
+        {
+            srcBytePtr = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempOutputBuffer) +
+                    bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample * bp->outputChannelCount *
+                    (bp->framesPerUserBuffer - bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer);
+
+            srcSampleStrideSamples = bp->outputChannelCount;
+            srcChannelStrideBytes = bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+        }
+        else /* user output is not interleaved */
+        {
+            srcBytePtr = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempOutputBuffer) +
+                    bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample *
+                    (bp->framesPerUserBuffer - bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer);
+
+            srcSampleStrideSamples = 1;
+            srcChannelStrideBytes = bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+        }
+
+        for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+        {
+            assert( hostOutputChannels[i].data != NULL );
+            bp->outputConverter(    hostOutputChannels[i].data,
+                                    hostOutputChannels[i].stride,
+                                    srcBytePtr, srcSampleStrideSamples,
+                                    frameCount, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+            srcBytePtr += srcChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next source channel */
+
+            /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+            hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                    frameCount * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+        }
+
+        if( bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] > 0 )
+            bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] -= frameCount;
+        else
+            bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1] -= frameCount;
+
+        bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer -= frameCount;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+    AdaptingProcess is a full duplex adapting buffer processor. It converts
+    data from the temporary output buffer into the host output buffers, then
+    from the host input buffers into the temporary input buffers. Calling the
+    streamCallback when necessary.
+    When processPartialUserBuffers is 0, all available input data will be
+    consumed and all available output space will be filled. When
+    processPartialUserBuffers is non-zero, as many full user buffers
+    as possible will be processed, but partial buffers will not be consumed.
+*/
+static unsigned long AdaptingProcess( PaUtilBufferProcessor *bp,
+        int *streamCallbackResult, int processPartialUserBuffers )
+{
+    void *userInput, *userOutput;
+    unsigned long framesProcessed = 0;
+    unsigned long framesAvailable;
+    unsigned long endProcessingMinFrameCount;
+    unsigned long maxFramesToCopy;
+    PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostInputChannels, *hostOutputChannels;
+    unsigned int frameCount;
+    unsigned char *destBytePtr;
+    unsigned int destSampleStrideSamples; /* stride from one sample to the next within a channel, in samples */
+    unsigned int destChannelStrideBytes; /* stride from one channel to the next, in bytes */
+    unsigned int i, j;
+
+
+    framesAvailable = bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] + bp->hostInputFrameCount[1];/* this is assumed to be the same as the output buffer's frame count */
+
+    if( processPartialUserBuffers )
+        endProcessingMinFrameCount = 0;
+    else
+        endProcessingMinFrameCount = (bp->framesPerUserBuffer - 1);
+
+    /* Fill host output with remaining frames in user output (tempOutputBuffer) */
+    CopyTempOutputBuffersToHostOutputBuffers( bp );
+
+    while( framesAvailable > endProcessingMinFrameCount )
+    {
+
+        if( bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer == 0 && *streamCallbackResult != paContinue )
+        {
+            /* the callback will not be called any more, so zero what remains
+                of the host output buffers */
+
+            for( i=0; i<2; ++i )
+            {
+                frameCount = bp->hostOutputFrameCount[i];
+                if( frameCount > 0 )
+                {
+                    hostOutputChannels = bp->hostOutputChannels[i];
+
+                    for( j=0; j<bp->outputChannelCount; ++j )
+                    {
+                        bp->outputZeroer(   hostOutputChannels[j].data,
+                                            hostOutputChannels[j].stride,
+                                            frameCount );
+
+                        /* advance dest ptr for next iteration  */
+                        hostOutputChannels[j].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[j].data) +
+                                frameCount * hostOutputChannels[j].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+                    }
+                    bp->hostOutputFrameCount[i] = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        /* copy frames from host to user input buffers */
+        while( bp->framesInTempInputBuffer < bp->framesPerUserBuffer &&
+                ((bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] + bp->hostInputFrameCount[1]) > 0) )
+        {
+            maxFramesToCopy = bp->framesPerUserBuffer - bp->framesInTempInputBuffer;
+
+            /* select the input buffer set (1st or 2nd) */
+            if( bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] > 0 )
+            {
+                hostInputChannels = bp->hostInputChannels[0];
+                frameCount = PA_MIN_( bp->hostInputFrameCount[0], maxFramesToCopy );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                hostInputChannels = bp->hostInputChannels[1];
+                frameCount = PA_MIN_( bp->hostInputFrameCount[1], maxFramesToCopy );
+            }
+
+            /* configure conversion destination pointers */
+            if( bp->userInputIsInterleaved )
+            {
+                destBytePtr = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempInputBuffer) +
+                        bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * bp->inputChannelCount *
+                        bp->framesInTempInputBuffer;
+
+                destSampleStrideSamples = bp->inputChannelCount;
+                destChannelStrideBytes = bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+            }
+            else /* user input is not interleaved */
+            {
+                destBytePtr = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempInputBuffer) +
+                        bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * bp->framesInTempInputBuffer;
+
+                destSampleStrideSamples = 1;
+                destChannelStrideBytes = bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+            }
+
+            for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+            {
+                bp->inputConverter( destBytePtr, destSampleStrideSamples,
+                                        hostInputChannels[i].data,
+                                        hostInputChannels[i].stride,
+                                        frameCount, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+                destBytePtr += destChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next destination channel */
+
+                /* advance src ptr for next iteration */
+                hostInputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostInputChannels[i].data) +
+                        frameCount * hostInputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostInputSample;
+            }
+
+            if( bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] > 0 )
+                bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] -= frameCount;
+            else
+                bp->hostInputFrameCount[1] -= frameCount;
+
+            bp->framesInTempInputBuffer += frameCount;
+
+            /* update framesAvailable and framesProcessed based on input consumed
+                unless something is very wrong this will also correspond to the
+                amount of output generated */
+            framesAvailable -= frameCount;
+            framesProcessed += frameCount;
+        }
+
+        /* call streamCallback */
+        if( bp->framesInTempInputBuffer == bp->framesPerUserBuffer &&
+            bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer == 0 )
+        {
+            if( *streamCallbackResult == paContinue )
+            {
+                /* setup userInput */
+                if( bp->userInputIsInterleaved )
+                {
+                    userInput = bp->tempInputBuffer;
+                }
+                else /* user input is not interleaved */
+                {
+                    for( i = 0; i < bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+                    {
+                        bp->tempInputBufferPtrs[i] = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempInputBuffer) +
+                                i * bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+                    }
+
+                    userInput = bp->tempInputBufferPtrs;
+                }
+
+                /* setup userOutput */
+                if( bp->userOutputIsInterleaved )
+                {
+                    userOutput = bp->tempOutputBuffer;
+                }
+                else /* user output is not interleaved */
+                {
+                    for( i = 0; i < bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+                    {
+                        bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs[i] = ((unsigned char*)bp->tempOutputBuffer) +
+                                i * bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+                    }
+
+                    userOutput = bp->tempOutputBufferPtrs;
+                }
+
+                /* call streamCallback */
+
+                *streamCallbackResult = bp->streamCallback( userInput, userOutput,
+                        bp->framesPerUserBuffer, bp->timeInfo,
+                        bp->callbackStatusFlags, bp->userData );
+
+                bp->timeInfo->inputBufferAdcTime += bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->samplePeriod;
+                bp->timeInfo->outputBufferDacTime += bp->framesPerUserBuffer * bp->samplePeriod;
+
+                bp->framesInTempInputBuffer = 0;
+
+                if( *streamCallbackResult == paAbort )
+                    bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer = 0;
+                else
+                    bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer = bp->framesPerUserBuffer;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* paComplete or paAbort has already been called. */
+
+                bp->framesInTempInputBuffer = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* copy frames from user (tempOutputBuffer) to host output buffers (hostOutputChannels)
+           Means to process the user output provided by the callback. Has to be called after
+            each callback. */
+        CopyTempOutputBuffersToHostOutputBuffers( bp );
+
+    }
+
+    return framesProcessed;
+}
+
+
+unsigned long PaUtil_EndBufferProcessing( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp, int *streamCallbackResult )
+{
+    unsigned long framesToProcess, framesToGo;
+    unsigned long framesProcessed = 0;
+
+    if( bp->inputChannelCount != 0 && bp->outputChannelCount != 0
+            && bp->hostInputChannels[0][0].data /* input was supplied (see PaUtil_SetNoInput) */
+            && bp->hostOutputChannels[0][0].data /* output was supplied (see PaUtil_SetNoOutput) */ )
+    {
+        assert( (bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] + bp->hostInputFrameCount[1]) ==
+                (bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] + bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1]) );
+    }
+
+    assert( *streamCallbackResult == paContinue
+            || *streamCallbackResult == paComplete
+            || *streamCallbackResult == paAbort ); /* don't forget to pass in a valid callback result value */
+
+    if( bp->useNonAdaptingProcess )
+    {
+        if( bp->inputChannelCount != 0 && bp->outputChannelCount != 0 )
+        {
+            /* full duplex non-adapting process, splice buffers if they are
+                different lengths */
+
+            framesToGo = bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] + bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1]; /* relies on assert above for input/output equivalence */
+
+            do{
+                unsigned long noInputInputFrameCount;
+                unsigned long *hostInputFrameCount;
+                PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostInputChannels;
+                unsigned long noOutputOutputFrameCount;
+                unsigned long *hostOutputFrameCount;
+                PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostOutputChannels;
+                unsigned long framesProcessedThisIteration;
+
+                if( !bp->hostInputChannels[0][0].data )
+                {
+                    /* no input was supplied (see PaUtil_SetNoInput)
+                        NonAdaptingProcess knows how to deal with this
+                    */
+                    noInputInputFrameCount = framesToGo;
+                    hostInputFrameCount = &noInputInputFrameCount;
+                    hostInputChannels = 0;
+                }
+                else if( bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] != 0 )
+                {
+                    hostInputFrameCount = &bp->hostInputFrameCount[0];
+                    hostInputChannels = bp->hostInputChannels[0];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    hostInputFrameCount = &bp->hostInputFrameCount[1];
+                    hostInputChannels = bp->hostInputChannels[1];
+                }
+
+                if( !bp->hostOutputChannels[0][0].data )
+                {
+                    /* no output was supplied (see PaUtil_SetNoOutput)
+                        NonAdaptingProcess knows how to deal with this
+                    */
+                    noOutputOutputFrameCount = framesToGo;
+                    hostOutputFrameCount = &noOutputOutputFrameCount;
+                    hostOutputChannels = 0;
+                }
+                if( bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] != 0 )
+                {
+                    hostOutputFrameCount = &bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0];
+                    hostOutputChannels = bp->hostOutputChannels[0];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    hostOutputFrameCount = &bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1];
+                    hostOutputChannels = bp->hostOutputChannels[1];
+                }
+
+                framesToProcess = PA_MIN_( *hostInputFrameCount,
+                                       *hostOutputFrameCount );
+
+                assert( framesToProcess != 0 );
+
+                framesProcessedThisIteration = NonAdaptingProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                        hostInputChannels, hostOutputChannels,
+                        framesToProcess );
+
+                *hostInputFrameCount -= framesProcessedThisIteration;
+                *hostOutputFrameCount -= framesProcessedThisIteration;
+
+                framesProcessed += framesProcessedThisIteration;
+                framesToGo -= framesProcessedThisIteration;
+
+            }while( framesToGo > 0 );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* half duplex non-adapting process, just process 1st and 2nd buffer */
+            /* process first buffer */
+
+            framesToProcess = (bp->inputChannelCount != 0)
+                            ? bp->hostInputFrameCount[0]
+                            : bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0];
+
+            framesProcessed = NonAdaptingProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                        bp->hostInputChannels[0], bp->hostOutputChannels[0],
+                        framesToProcess );
+
+            /* process second buffer if provided */
+
+            framesToProcess = (bp->inputChannelCount != 0)
+                            ? bp->hostInputFrameCount[1]
+                            : bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1];
+            if( framesToProcess > 0 )
+            {
+                framesProcessed += NonAdaptingProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                    bp->hostInputChannels[1], bp->hostOutputChannels[1],
+                    framesToProcess );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else /* block adaption necessary*/
+    {
+
+        if( bp->inputChannelCount != 0 && bp->outputChannelCount != 0 )
+        {
+            /* full duplex */
+
+            if( bp->hostBufferSizeMode == paUtilVariableHostBufferSizePartialUsageAllowed  )
+            {
+                framesProcessed = AdaptingProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                        0 /* dont process partial user buffers */ );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                framesProcessed = AdaptingProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                        1 /* process partial user buffers */ );
+            }
+        }
+        else if( bp->inputChannelCount != 0 )
+        {
+            /* input only */
+            framesToProcess = bp->hostInputFrameCount[0];
+
+            framesProcessed = AdaptingInputOnlyProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                        bp->hostInputChannels[0], framesToProcess );
+
+            framesToProcess = bp->hostInputFrameCount[1];
+            if( framesToProcess > 0 )
+            {
+                framesProcessed += AdaptingInputOnlyProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                        bp->hostInputChannels[1], framesToProcess );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* output only */
+            framesToProcess = bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0];
+
+            framesProcessed = AdaptingOutputOnlyProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                        bp->hostOutputChannels[0], framesToProcess );
+
+            framesToProcess = bp->hostOutputFrameCount[1];
+            if( framesToProcess > 0 )
+            {
+                framesProcessed += AdaptingOutputOnlyProcess( bp, streamCallbackResult,
+                        bp->hostOutputChannels[1], framesToProcess );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return framesProcessed;
+}
+
+
+int PaUtil_IsBufferProcessorOutputEmpty( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp )
+{
+    return (bp->framesInTempOutputBuffer) ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+
+unsigned long PaUtil_CopyInput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        void **buffer, unsigned long frameCount )
+{
+    PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostInputChannels;
+    unsigned int framesToCopy;
+    unsigned char *destBytePtr;
+    void **nonInterleavedDestPtrs;
+    unsigned int destSampleStrideSamples; /* stride from one sample to the next within a channel, in samples */
+    unsigned int destChannelStrideBytes; /* stride from one channel to the next, in bytes */
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    hostInputChannels = bp->hostInputChannels[0];
+    framesToCopy = PA_MIN_( bp->hostInputFrameCount[0], frameCount );
+
+    if( bp->userInputIsInterleaved )
+    {
+        destBytePtr = (unsigned char*)*buffer;
+
+        destSampleStrideSamples = bp->inputChannelCount;
+        destChannelStrideBytes = bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+
+        for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+        {
+            bp->inputConverter( destBytePtr, destSampleStrideSamples,
+                                hostInputChannels[i].data,
+                                hostInputChannels[i].stride,
+                                framesToCopy, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+            destBytePtr += destChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next dest channel */
+
+            /* advance source ptr for next iteration */
+            hostInputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostInputChannels[i].data) +
+                    framesToCopy * hostInputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostInputSample;
+        }
+
+        /* advance callers dest pointer (buffer) */
+        *buffer = ((unsigned char *)*buffer) +
+                framesToCopy * bp->inputChannelCount * bp->bytesPerUserInputSample;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* user input is not interleaved */
+
+        nonInterleavedDestPtrs = (void**)*buffer;
+
+        destSampleStrideSamples = 1;
+
+        for( i=0; i<bp->inputChannelCount; ++i )
+        {
+            destBytePtr = (unsigned char*)nonInterleavedDestPtrs[i];
+
+            bp->inputConverter( destBytePtr, destSampleStrideSamples,
+                                hostInputChannels[i].data,
+                                hostInputChannels[i].stride,
+                                framesToCopy, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+            /* advance callers dest pointer (nonInterleavedDestPtrs[i]) */
+            destBytePtr += bp->bytesPerUserInputSample * framesToCopy;
+            nonInterleavedDestPtrs[i] = destBytePtr;
+
+            /* advance source ptr for next iteration */
+            hostInputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostInputChannels[i].data) +
+                    framesToCopy * hostInputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostInputSample;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bp->hostInputFrameCount[0] -= framesToCopy;
+
+    return framesToCopy;
+}
+
+unsigned long PaUtil_CopyOutput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp,
+        const void ** buffer, unsigned long frameCount )
+{
+    PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostOutputChannels;
+    unsigned int framesToCopy;
+    unsigned char *srcBytePtr;
+    void **nonInterleavedSrcPtrs;
+    unsigned int srcSampleStrideSamples; /* stride from one sample to the next within a channel, in samples */
+    unsigned int srcChannelStrideBytes; /* stride from one channel to the next, in bytes */
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    hostOutputChannels = bp->hostOutputChannels[0];
+    framesToCopy = PA_MIN_( bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0], frameCount );
+
+    if( bp->userOutputIsInterleaved )
+    {
+        srcBytePtr = (unsigned char*)*buffer;
+
+        srcSampleStrideSamples = bp->outputChannelCount;
+        srcChannelStrideBytes = bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+
+        for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+        {
+            bp->outputConverter(    hostOutputChannels[i].data,
+                                    hostOutputChannels[i].stride,
+                                    srcBytePtr, srcSampleStrideSamples,
+                                    framesToCopy, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+            srcBytePtr += srcChannelStrideBytes;  /* skip to next source channel */
+
+            /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+            hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                    framesToCopy * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+        }
+
+        /* advance callers source pointer (buffer) */
+        *buffer = ((unsigned char *)*buffer) +
+                framesToCopy * bp->outputChannelCount * bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* user output is not interleaved */
+
+        nonInterleavedSrcPtrs = (void**)*buffer;
+
+        srcSampleStrideSamples = 1;
+
+        for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+        {
+            srcBytePtr = (unsigned char*)nonInterleavedSrcPtrs[i];
+
+            bp->outputConverter(    hostOutputChannels[i].data,
+                                    hostOutputChannels[i].stride,
+                                    srcBytePtr, srcSampleStrideSamples,
+                                    framesToCopy, &bp->ditherGenerator );
+
+
+            /* advance callers source pointer (nonInterleavedSrcPtrs[i]) */
+            srcBytePtr += bp->bytesPerUserOutputSample * framesToCopy;
+            nonInterleavedSrcPtrs[i] = srcBytePtr;
+
+            /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+            hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                    framesToCopy * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] += framesToCopy;
+
+    return framesToCopy;
+}
+
+
+unsigned long PaUtil_ZeroOutput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bp, unsigned long frameCount )
+{
+    PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostOutputChannels;
+    unsigned int framesToZero;
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    hostOutputChannels = bp->hostOutputChannels[0];
+    framesToZero = PA_MIN_( bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0], frameCount );
+
+    for( i=0; i<bp->outputChannelCount; ++i )
+    {
+        bp->outputZeroer(   hostOutputChannels[i].data,
+                            hostOutputChannels[i].stride,
+                            framesToZero );
+
+
+        /* advance dest ptr for next iteration */
+        hostOutputChannels[i].data = ((unsigned char*)hostOutputChannels[i].data) +
+                framesToZero * hostOutputChannels[i].stride * bp->bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+    }
+
+    bp->hostOutputFrameCount[0] += framesToZero;
+
+    return framesToZero;
+}
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_process.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_process.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..444bdf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_process.h
@@ -0,0 +1,754 @@
+#ifndef PA_PROCESS_H
+#define PA_PROCESS_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library callback buffer processing adapters
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Phil Burk, Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Buffer Processor prototypes. A Buffer Processor performs buffer length
+ adaption, coordinates sample format conversion, and interleaves/deinterleaves
+ channels.
+
+ <h3>Overview</h3>
+
+ The "Buffer Processor" (PaUtilBufferProcessor) manages conversion of audio
+ data from host buffers to user buffers and back again. Where required, the
+ buffer processor takes care of converting between host and user sample formats,
+ interleaving and deinterleaving multichannel buffers, and adapting between host
+ and user buffers with different lengths. The buffer processor may be used with
+ full and half duplex streams, for both callback streams and blocking read/write
+ streams.
+
+ One of the important capabilities provided by the buffer processor is
+ the ability to adapt between user and host buffer sizes of different lengths
+ with minimum latency. Although this task is relatively easy to perform when
+ the host buffer size is an integer multiple of the user buffer size, the
+ problem is more complicated when this is not the case - especially for
+ full-duplex callback streams. Where necessary the adaption is implemented by
+ internally buffering some input and/or output data. The buffer adation
+ algorithm used by the buffer processor was originally implemented by
+ Stephan Letz for the ASIO version of PortAudio, and is described in his
+ Callback_adaption_.pdf which is included in the distribution.
+
+ The buffer processor performs sample conversion using the functions provided
+ by pa_converters.c.
+
+ The following sections provide an overview of how to use the buffer processor.
+ Interested readers are advised to consult the host API implementations for
+ examples of buffer processor usage.
+
+
+ <h4>Initialization, resetting and termination</h4>
+
+ When a stream is opened, the buffer processor should be initialized using
+ PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor. This function initializes internal state
+ and allocates temporary buffers as necessary according to the supplied
+ configuration parameters. Some of the parameters correspond to those requested
+ by the user in their call to Pa_OpenStream(), others reflect the requirements
+ of the host API implementation - they indicate host buffer sizes, formats,
+ and the type of buffering which the Host API uses. The buffer processor should
+ be initialized for callback streams and blocking read/write streams.
+
+ Call PaUtil_ResetBufferProcessor to clear any sample data which is present
+ in the buffer processor before starting to use it (for example when
+ Pa_StartStream is called).
+
+ When the buffer processor is no longer used call
+ PaUtil_TerminateBufferProcessor.
+
+
+ <h4>Using the buffer processor for a callback stream</h4>
+
+ The buffer processor's role in a callback stream is to take host input buffers
+ process them with the stream callback, and fill host output buffers. For a
+ full duplex stream, the buffer processor handles input and output simultaneously
+ due to the requirements of the minimum-latency buffer adation algorithm.
+
+ When a host buffer becomes available, the implementation should call
+ the buffer processor to process the buffer. The buffer processor calls the
+ stream callback to consume and/or produce audio data as necessary. The buffer
+ processor will convert sample formats, interleave/deinterleave channels,
+ and slice or chunk the data to the appropriate buffer lengths according to
+ the requirements of the stream callback and the host API.
+
+ To process a host buffer (or a pair of host buffers for a full-duplex stream)
+ use the following calling sequence:
+
+ -# Call PaUtil_BeginBufferProcessing
+ -# For a stream which takes input:
+    - Call PaUtil_SetInputFrameCount with the number of frames in the host input
+        buffer.
+    - Call one of the following functions one or more times to tell the
+        buffer processor about the host input buffer(s): PaUtil_SetInputChannel,
+        PaUtil_SetInterleavedInputChannels, PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedInputChannel.
+        Which function you call will depend on whether the host buffer(s) are
+        interleaved or not.
+    - If the available host data is split across two buffers (for example a
+        data range at the end of a circular buffer and another range at the
+        beginning of the circular buffer), also call
+        PaUtil_Set2ndInputFrameCount, PaUtil_Set2ndInputChannel,
+        PaUtil_Set2ndInterleavedInputChannels,
+        PaUtil_Set2ndNonInterleavedInputChannel as necessary to tell the buffer
+        processor about the second buffer.
+ -# For a stream which generates output:
+    - Call PaUtil_SetOutputFrameCount with the number of frames in the host
+        output buffer.
+    - Call one of the following functions one or more times to tell the
+        buffer processor about the host output buffer(s): PaUtil_SetOutputChannel,
+        PaUtil_SetInterleavedOutputChannels, PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedOutputChannel.
+        Which function you call will depend on whether the host buffer(s) are
+        interleaved or not.
+    - If the available host output buffer space is split across two buffers
+        (for example a data range at the end of a circular buffer and another
+        range at the beginning of the circular buffer), call
+        PaUtil_Set2ndOutputFrameCount, PaUtil_Set2ndOutputChannel,
+        PaUtil_Set2ndInterleavedOutputChannels,
+        PaUtil_Set2ndNonInterleavedOutputChannel as necessary to tell the buffer
+        processor about the second buffer.
+ -# Call PaUtil_EndBufferProcessing, this function performs the actual data
+    conversion and processing.
+
+
+ <h4>Using the buffer processor for a blocking read/write stream</h4>
+
+ Blocking read/write streams use the buffer processor to convert and copy user
+ output data to a host buffer, and to convert and copy host input data to
+ the user's buffer. The buffer processor does not perform any buffer adaption.
+ When using the buffer processor in a blocking read/write stream the input and
+ output conversion are performed separately by the PaUtil_CopyInput and
+ PaUtil_CopyOutput functions.
+
+ To copy data from a host input buffer to the buffer(s) which the user supplies
+ to Pa_ReadStream, use the following calling sequence.
+
+ - Repeat the following three steps until the user buffer(s) have been filled
+    with samples from the host input buffers:
+     -# Call PaUtil_SetInputFrameCount with the number of frames in the host
+        input buffer.
+     -# Call one of the following functions one or more times to tell the
+        buffer processor about the host input buffer(s): PaUtil_SetInputChannel,
+        PaUtil_SetInterleavedInputChannels, PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedInputChannel.
+        Which function you call will depend on whether the host buffer(s) are
+        interleaved or not.
+     -# Call PaUtil_CopyInput with the user buffer pointer (or a copy of the
+        array of buffer pointers for a non-interleaved stream) passed to
+        Pa_ReadStream, along with the number of frames in the user buffer(s).
+        Be careful to pass a <i>copy</i> of the user buffer pointers to
+        PaUtil_CopyInput because PaUtil_CopyInput advances the pointers to
+        the start of the next region to copy.
+ - PaUtil_CopyInput will not copy more data than is available in the
+    host buffer(s), so the above steps need to be repeated until the user
+    buffer(s) are full.
+
+
+ To copy data to the host output buffer from the user buffers(s) supplied
+ to Pa_WriteStream use the following calling sequence.
+
+ - Repeat the following three steps until all frames from the user buffer(s)
+    have been copied to the host API:
+     -# Call PaUtil_SetOutputFrameCount with the number of frames in the host
+        output buffer.
+     -# Call one of the following functions one or more times to tell the
+        buffer processor about the host output buffer(s): PaUtil_SetOutputChannel,
+        PaUtil_SetInterleavedOutputChannels, PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedOutputChannel.
+        Which function you call will depend on whether the host buffer(s) are
+        interleaved or not.
+     -# Call PaUtil_CopyOutput with the user buffer pointer (or a copy of the
+        array of buffer pointers for a non-interleaved stream) passed to
+        Pa_WriteStream, along with the number of frames in the user buffer(s).
+        Be careful to pass a <i>copy</i> of the user buffer pointers to
+        PaUtil_CopyOutput because PaUtil_CopyOutput advances the pointers to
+        the start of the next region to copy.
+ - PaUtil_CopyOutput will not copy more data than fits in the host buffer(s),
+    so the above steps need to be repeated until all user data is copied.
+*/
+
+
+#include "portaudio.h"
+#include "pa_converters.h"
+#include "pa_dither.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+/** @brief Mode flag passed to PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor indicating the type
+ of buffering that the host API uses.
+
+ The mode used depends on whether the host API or the implementation manages
+ the buffers, and how these buffers are used (scatter gather, circular buffer).
+*/
+typedef enum {
+/** The host buffer size is a fixed known size. */
+    paUtilFixedHostBufferSize,
+
+/** The host buffer size may vary, but has a known maximum size. */
+    paUtilBoundedHostBufferSize,
+
+/** Nothing is known about the host buffer size. */
+    paUtilUnknownHostBufferSize,
+
+/** The host buffer size varies, and the client does not require the buffer
+ processor to consume all of the input and fill all of the output buffer. This
+ is useful when the implementation has access to the host API's circular buffer
+ and only needs to consume/fill some of it, not necessarily all of it, with each
+ call to the buffer processor. This is the only mode where
+ PaUtil_EndBufferProcessing() may not consume the whole buffer.
+*/
+    paUtilVariableHostBufferSizePartialUsageAllowed
+}PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode;
+
+
+/** @brief An auxiliary data structure used internally by the buffer processor
+ to represent host input and output buffers. */
+typedef struct PaUtilChannelDescriptor{
+    void *data;
+    unsigned int stride;  /**< stride in samples, not bytes */
+}PaUtilChannelDescriptor;
+
+
+/** @brief The main buffer processor data structure.
+
+ Allocate one of these, initialize it with PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor
+ and terminate it with PaUtil_TerminateBufferProcessor.
+*/
+typedef struct {
+    unsigned long framesPerUserBuffer;
+    unsigned long framesPerHostBuffer;
+
+    PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode hostBufferSizeMode;
+    int useNonAdaptingProcess;
+    int userOutputSampleFormatIsEqualToHost;
+    int userInputSampleFormatIsEqualToHost;
+    unsigned long framesPerTempBuffer;
+
+    unsigned int inputChannelCount;
+    unsigned int bytesPerHostInputSample;
+    unsigned int bytesPerUserInputSample;
+    int userInputIsInterleaved;
+    PaUtilConverter *inputConverter;
+    PaUtilZeroer *inputZeroer;
+
+    unsigned int outputChannelCount;
+    unsigned int bytesPerHostOutputSample;
+    unsigned int bytesPerUserOutputSample;
+    int userOutputIsInterleaved;
+    PaUtilConverter *outputConverter;
+    PaUtilZeroer *outputZeroer;
+
+    unsigned long initialFramesInTempInputBuffer;
+    unsigned long initialFramesInTempOutputBuffer;
+
+    void *tempInputBuffer;          /**< used for slips, block adaption, and conversion. */
+    void **tempInputBufferPtrs;     /**< storage for non-interleaved buffer pointers, NULL for interleaved user input */
+    unsigned long framesInTempInputBuffer; /**< frames remaining in input buffer from previous adaption iteration */
+
+    void *tempOutputBuffer;         /**< used for slips, block adaption, and conversion. */
+    void **tempOutputBufferPtrs;    /**< storage for non-interleaved buffer pointers, NULL for interleaved user output */
+    unsigned long framesInTempOutputBuffer; /**< frames remaining in input buffer from previous adaption iteration */
+
+    PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo *timeInfo;
+
+    PaStreamCallbackFlags callbackStatusFlags;
+
+    int hostInputIsInterleaved;
+    unsigned long hostInputFrameCount[2];
+    PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostInputChannels[2]; /**< pointers to arrays of channel descriptors.
+                                                        pointers are NULL for half-duplex output processing.
+                                                        hostInputChannels[i].data is NULL when the caller
+                                                        calls PaUtil_SetNoInput()
+                                                        */
+    int hostOutputIsInterleaved;
+    unsigned long hostOutputFrameCount[2];
+    PaUtilChannelDescriptor *hostOutputChannels[2]; /**< pointers to arrays of channel descriptors.
+                                                         pointers are NULL for half-duplex input processing.
+                                                         hostOutputChannels[i].data is NULL when the caller
+                                                         calls PaUtil_SetNoOutput()
+                                                         */
+
+    PaUtilTriangularDitherGenerator ditherGenerator;
+
+    double samplePeriod;
+
+    PaStreamCallback *streamCallback;
+    void *userData;
+} PaUtilBufferProcessor;
+
+
+/** @name Initialization, termination, resetting and info */
+/*@{*/
+
+/** Initialize a buffer processor's representation stored in a
+ PaUtilBufferProcessor structure. Be sure to call
+ PaUtil_TerminateBufferProcessor after finishing with a buffer processor.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor structure to initialize.
+
+ @param inputChannelCount The number of input channels as passed to
+ Pa_OpenStream or 0 for an output-only stream.
+
+ @param userInputSampleFormat Format of user input samples, as passed to
+ Pa_OpenStream. This parameter is ignored for ouput-only streams.
+
+ @param hostInputSampleFormat Format of host input samples. This parameter is
+ ignored for output-only streams. See note about host buffer interleave below.
+
+ @param outputChannelCount The number of output channels as passed to
+ Pa_OpenStream or 0 for an input-only stream.
+
+ @param userOutputSampleFormat Format of user output samples, as passed to
+ Pa_OpenStream. This parameter is ignored for input-only streams.
+
+ @param hostOutputSampleFormat Format of host output samples. This parameter is
+ ignored for input-only streams. See note about host buffer interleave below.
+
+ @param sampleRate Sample rate of the stream. The more accurate this is the
+ better - it is used for updating time stamps when adapting buffers.
+
+ @param streamFlags Stream flags as passed to Pa_OpenStream, this parameter is
+ used for selecting special sample conversion options such as clipping and
+ dithering.
+
+ @param framesPerUserBuffer Number of frames per user buffer, as requested
+ by the framesPerBuffer parameter to Pa_OpenStream. This parameter may be
+ zero to indicate that the user will accept any (and varying) buffer sizes.
+
+ @param framesPerHostBuffer Specifies the number of frames per host buffer
+ for the fixed buffer size mode, and the maximum number of frames
+ per host buffer for the bounded host buffer size mode. It is ignored for
+ the other modes.
+
+ @param hostBufferSizeMode A mode flag indicating the size variability of
+ host buffers that will be passed to the buffer processor. See
+ PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode for further details.
+
+ @param streamCallback The user stream callback passed to Pa_OpenStream.
+
+ @param userData The user data field passed to Pa_OpenStream.
+
+ @note The interleave flag is ignored for host buffer formats. Host
+ interleave is determined by the use of different SetInput and SetOutput
+ functions.
+
+ @return An error code indicating whether the initialization was successful.
+ If the error code is not PaNoError, the buffer processor was not initialized
+ and should not be used.
+
+ @see Pa_OpenStream, PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode, PaUtil_TerminateBufferProcessor
+*/
+PaError PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+            int inputChannelCount, PaSampleFormat userInputSampleFormat,
+            PaSampleFormat hostInputSampleFormat,
+            int outputChannelCount, PaSampleFormat userOutputSampleFormat,
+            PaSampleFormat hostOutputSampleFormat,
+            double sampleRate,
+            PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
+            unsigned long framesPerUserBuffer, /* 0 indicates don't care */
+            unsigned long framesPerHostBuffer,
+            PaUtilHostBufferSizeMode hostBufferSizeMode,
+            PaStreamCallback *streamCallback, void *userData );
+
+
+/** Terminate a buffer processor's representation. Deallocates any temporary
+ buffers allocated by PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor structure to terminate.
+
+ @see PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor.
+*/
+void PaUtil_TerminateBufferProcessor( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor );
+
+
+/** Clear any internally buffered data. If you call
+ PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor in your OpenStream routine, make sure you
+ call PaUtil_ResetBufferProcessor in your StartStream call.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor to reset.
+*/
+void PaUtil_ResetBufferProcessor( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor );
+
+
+/** Retrieve the input latency of a buffer processor, in frames.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor examine.
+
+ @return The input latency introduced by the buffer processor, in frames.
+
+ @see PaUtil_GetBufferProcessorOutputLatencyFrames
+*/
+unsigned long PaUtil_GetBufferProcessorInputLatencyFrames( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor );
+
+/** Retrieve the output latency of a buffer processor, in frames.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor examine.
+
+ @return The output latency introduced by the buffer processor, in frames.
+
+ @see PaUtil_GetBufferProcessorInputLatencyFrames
+*/
+unsigned long PaUtil_GetBufferProcessorOutputLatencyFrames( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor );
+
+/*@}*/
+
+
+/** @name Host buffer pointer configuration
+
+ Functions to set host input and output buffers, used by both callback streams
+ and blocking read/write streams.
+*/
+/*@{*/
+
+
+/** Set the number of frames in the input host buffer(s) specified by the
+ PaUtil_Set*InputChannel functions.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+
+ @param frameCount The number of host input frames. A 0 frameCount indicates to
+ use the framesPerHostBuffer value passed to PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor.
+
+ @see PaUtil_SetNoInput, PaUtil_SetInputChannel,
+ PaUtil_SetInterleavedInputChannels, PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedInputChannel
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetInputFrameCount( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned long frameCount );
+
+
+/** Indicate that no input is available. This function should be used when
+ priming the output of a full-duplex stream opened with the
+ paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback flag. Note that it is not necessary
+ to call this or any other PaUtil_Set*Input* functions for ouput-only streams.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetNoInput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor );
+
+
+/** Provide the buffer processor with a pointer to a host input channel.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+ @param channel The channel number.
+ @param data The buffer.
+ @param stride The stride from one sample to the next, in samples. For
+ interleaved host buffers, the stride will usually be the same as the number of
+ channels in the buffer.
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetInputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data, unsigned int stride );
+
+
+/** Provide the buffer processor with a pointer to an number of interleaved
+ host input channels.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+ @param firstChannel The first channel number.
+ @param data The buffer.
+ @param channelCount The number of interleaved channels in the buffer. If
+ channelCount is zero, the number of channels specified to
+ PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor will be used.
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetInterleavedInputChannels( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int firstChannel, void *data, unsigned int channelCount );
+
+
+/** Provide the buffer processor with a pointer to one non-interleaved host
+ output channel.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+ @param channel The channel number.
+ @param data The buffer.
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedInputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data );
+
+
+/** Use for the second buffer half when the input buffer is split in two halves.
+ @see PaUtil_SetInputFrameCount
+*/
+void PaUtil_Set2ndInputFrameCount( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned long frameCount );
+
+/** Use for the second buffer half when the input buffer is split in two halves.
+ @see PaUtil_SetInputChannel
+*/
+void PaUtil_Set2ndInputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data, unsigned int stride );
+
+/** Use for the second buffer half when the input buffer is split in two halves.
+ @see PaUtil_SetInterleavedInputChannels
+*/
+void PaUtil_Set2ndInterleavedInputChannels( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int firstChannel, void *data, unsigned int channelCount );
+
+/** Use for the second buffer half when the input buffer is split in two halves.
+ @see PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedInputChannel
+*/
+void PaUtil_Set2ndNonInterleavedInputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data );
+
+
+/** Set the number of frames in the output host buffer(s) specified by the
+ PaUtil_Set*OutputChannel functions.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+
+ @param frameCount The number of host output frames. A 0 frameCount indicates to
+ use the framesPerHostBuffer value passed to PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor.
+
+ @see PaUtil_SetOutputChannel, PaUtil_SetInterleavedOutputChannels,
+ PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedOutputChannel
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetOutputFrameCount( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned long frameCount );
+
+
+/** Indicate that the output will be discarded. This function should be used
+ when implementing the paNeverDropInput mode for full duplex streams.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetNoOutput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor );
+
+
+/** Provide the buffer processor with a pointer to a host output channel.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+ @param channel The channel number.
+ @param data The buffer.
+ @param stride The stride from one sample to the next, in samples. For
+ interleaved host buffers, the stride will usually be the same as the number of
+ channels in the buffer.
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetOutputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data, unsigned int stride );
+
+
+/** Provide the buffer processor with a pointer to a number of interleaved
+ host output channels.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+ @param firstChannel The first channel number.
+ @param data The buffer.
+ @param channelCount The number of interleaved channels in the buffer. If
+ channelCount is zero, the number of channels specified to
+ PaUtil_InitializeBufferProcessor will be used.
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetInterleavedOutputChannels( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int firstChannel, void *data, unsigned int channelCount );
+
+
+/** Provide the buffer processor with a pointer to one non-interleaved host
+ output channel.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+ @param channel The channel number.
+ @param data The buffer.
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedOutputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data );
+
+
+/** Use for the second buffer half when the output buffer is split in two halves.
+ @see PaUtil_SetOutputFrameCount
+*/
+void PaUtil_Set2ndOutputFrameCount( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned long frameCount );
+
+/** Use for the second buffer half when the output buffer is split in two halves.
+ @see PaUtil_SetOutputChannel
+*/
+void PaUtil_Set2ndOutputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data, unsigned int stride );
+
+/** Use for the second buffer half when the output buffer is split in two halves.
+ @see PaUtil_SetInterleavedOutputChannels
+*/
+void PaUtil_Set2ndInterleavedOutputChannels( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int firstChannel, void *data, unsigned int channelCount );
+
+/** Use for the second buffer half when the output buffer is split in two halves.
+ @see PaUtil_SetNonInterleavedOutputChannel
+*/
+void PaUtil_Set2ndNonInterleavedOutputChannel( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned int channel, void *data );
+
+/*@}*/
+
+
+/** @name Buffer processing functions for callback streams
+*/
+/*@{*/
+
+/** Commence processing a host buffer (or a pair of host buffers in the
+ full-duplex case) for a callback stream.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+
+ @param timeInfo Timing information for the first sample of the host
+ buffer(s). This information may be adjusted when buffer adaption is being
+ performed.
+
+ @param callbackStatusFlags Flags indicating whether underruns and overruns
+ have occurred since the last time the buffer processor was called.
+*/
+void PaUtil_BeginBufferProcessing( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo* timeInfo, PaStreamCallbackFlags callbackStatusFlags );
+
+
+/** Finish processing a host buffer (or a pair of host buffers in the
+ full-duplex case) for a callback stream.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+
+ @param callbackResult On input, indicates a previous callback result, and on
+ exit, the result of the user stream callback, if it is called.
+ On entry callbackResult should contain one of { paContinue, paComplete, or
+ paAbort}. If paComplete is passed, the stream callback will not be called
+ but any audio that was generated by previous stream callbacks will be copied
+ to the output buffer(s). You can check whether the buffer processor's internal
+ buffer is empty by calling PaUtil_IsBufferProcessorOutputEmpty.
+
+ If the stream callback is called its result is stored in *callbackResult. If
+ the stream callback returns paComplete or paAbort, all output buffers will be
+ full of valid data - some of which may be zeros to account for data that
+ wasn't generated by the terminating callback.
+
+ @return The number of frames processed. This usually corresponds to the
+ number of frames specified by the PaUtil_Set*FrameCount functions, except in
+ the paUtilVariableHostBufferSizePartialUsageAllowed buffer size mode when a
+ smaller value may be returned.
+*/
+unsigned long PaUtil_EndBufferProcessing( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        int *callbackResult );
+
+
+/** Determine whether any callback generated output remains in the buffer
+ processor's internal buffers. This method may be used to determine when to
+ continue calling PaUtil_EndBufferProcessing() after the callback has returned
+ a callbackResult of paComplete.
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+
+ @return Returns non-zero when callback generated output remains in the internal
+ buffer and zero (0) when there internal buffer contains no callback generated
+ data.
+*/
+int PaUtil_IsBufferProcessorOutputEmpty( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor );
+
+/*@}*/
+
+
+/** @name Buffer processing functions for blocking read/write streams
+*/
+/*@{*/
+
+/** Copy samples from host input channels set up by the PaUtil_Set*InputChannels
+ functions to a user supplied buffer. This function is intended for use with
+ blocking read/write streams. Copies the minimum of the number of
+ user frames (specified by the frameCount parameter) and the number of available
+ host frames (specified in a previous call to SetInputFrameCount()).
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+
+ @param buffer A pointer to the user buffer pointer, or a pointer to a pointer
+ to an array of user buffer pointers for a non-interleaved stream. It is
+ important that this parameter points to a copy of the user buffer pointers,
+ not to the actual user buffer pointers, because this function updates the
+ pointers before returning.
+
+ @param frameCount The number of frames of data in the buffer(s) pointed to by
+ the buffer parameter.
+
+ @return The number of frames copied. The buffer pointer(s) pointed to by the
+ buffer parameter are advanced to point to the frame(s) following the last one
+ filled.
+*/
+unsigned long PaUtil_CopyInput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        void **buffer, unsigned long frameCount );
+
+
+/* Copy samples from a user supplied buffer to host output channels set up by
+ the PaUtil_Set*OutputChannels functions. This function is intended for use with
+ blocking read/write streams. Copies the minimum of the number of
+ user frames (specified by the frameCount parameter) and the number of
+ host frames (specified in a previous call to SetOutputFrameCount()).
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+
+ @param buffer A pointer to the user buffer pointer, or a pointer to a pointer
+ to an array of user buffer pointers for a non-interleaved stream. It is
+ important that this parameter points to a copy of the user buffer pointers,
+ not to the actual user buffer pointers, because this function updates the
+ pointers before returning.
+
+ @param frameCount The number of frames of data in the buffer(s) pointed to by
+ the buffer parameter.
+
+ @return The number of frames copied. The buffer pointer(s) pointed to by the
+ buffer parameter are advanced to point to the frame(s) following the last one
+ copied.
+*/
+unsigned long PaUtil_CopyOutput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        const void ** buffer, unsigned long frameCount );
+
+
+/* Zero samples in host output channels set up by the PaUtil_Set*OutputChannels
+ functions. This function is useful for flushing streams.
+ Zeros the minimum of frameCount and the number of host frames specified in a
+ previous call to SetOutputFrameCount().
+
+ @param bufferProcessor The buffer processor.
+
+ @param frameCount The maximum number of frames to zero.
+
+ @return The number of frames zeroed.
+*/
+unsigned long PaUtil_ZeroOutput( PaUtilBufferProcessor* bufferProcessor,
+        unsigned long frameCount );
+
+
+/*@}*/
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_PROCESS_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_ringbuffer.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_ringbuffer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b978d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_ringbuffer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * Ring Buffer utility.
+ *
+ * Author: Phil Burk, http://www.softsynth.com
+ * modified for SMP safety on Mac OS X by Bjorn Roche
+ * modified for SMP safety on Linux by Leland Lucius
+ * also, allowed for const where possible
+ * modified for multiple-byte-sized data elements by Sven Fischer
+ *
+ * Note that this is safe only for a single-thread reader and a
+ * single-thread writer.
+ *
+ * This program uses the PortAudio Portable Audio Library.
+ * For more information see: http://www.portaudio.com
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Ross Bencina and Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/**
+ @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include "pa_ringbuffer.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include "pa_memorybarrier.h"
+
+/***************************************************************************
+ * Initialize FIFO.
+ * elementCount must be power of 2, returns -1 if not.
+ */
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_InitializeRingBuffer( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementSizeBytes, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount, void *dataPtr )
+{
+    if( ((elementCount-1) & elementCount) != 0) return -1; /* Not Power of two. */
+    rbuf->bufferSize = elementCount;
+    rbuf->buffer = (char *)dataPtr;
+    PaUtil_FlushRingBuffer( rbuf );
+    rbuf->bigMask = (elementCount*2)-1;
+    rbuf->smallMask = (elementCount)-1;
+    rbuf->elementSizeBytes = elementSizeBytes;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/***************************************************************************
+** Return number of elements available for reading. */
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadAvailable( const PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf )
+{
+    return ( (rbuf->writeIndex - rbuf->readIndex) & rbuf->bigMask );
+}
+/***************************************************************************
+** Return number of elements available for writing. */
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_GetRingBufferWriteAvailable( const PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf )
+{
+    return ( rbuf->bufferSize - PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadAvailable(rbuf));
+}
+
+/***************************************************************************
+** Clear buffer. Should only be called when buffer is NOT being read or written. */
+void PaUtil_FlushRingBuffer( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf )
+{
+    rbuf->writeIndex = rbuf->readIndex = 0;
+}
+
+/***************************************************************************
+** Get address of region(s) to which we can write data.
+** If the region is contiguous, size2 will be zero.
+** If non-contiguous, size2 will be the size of second region.
+** Returns room available to be written or elementCount, whichever is smaller.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_GetRingBufferWriteRegions( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount,
+                                       void **dataPtr1, ring_buffer_size_t *sizePtr1,
+                                       void **dataPtr2, ring_buffer_size_t *sizePtr2 )
+{
+    ring_buffer_size_t   index;
+    ring_buffer_size_t   available = PaUtil_GetRingBufferWriteAvailable( rbuf );
+    if( elementCount > available ) elementCount = available;
+    /* Check to see if write is not contiguous. */
+    index = rbuf->writeIndex & rbuf->smallMask;
+    if( (index + elementCount) > rbuf->bufferSize )
+    {
+        /* Write data in two blocks that wrap the buffer. */
+        ring_buffer_size_t   firstHalf = rbuf->bufferSize - index;
+        *dataPtr1 = &rbuf->buffer[index*rbuf->elementSizeBytes];
+        *sizePtr1 = firstHalf;
+        *dataPtr2 = &rbuf->buffer[0];
+        *sizePtr2 = elementCount - firstHalf;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *dataPtr1 = &rbuf->buffer[index*rbuf->elementSizeBytes];
+        *sizePtr1 = elementCount;
+        *dataPtr2 = NULL;
+        *sizePtr2 = 0;
+    }
+
+    if( available )
+        PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier(); /* (write-after-read) => full barrier */
+
+    return elementCount;
+}
+
+
+/***************************************************************************
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_AdvanceRingBufferWriteIndex( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount )
+{
+    /* ensure that previous writes are seen before we update the write index
+       (write after write)
+    */
+    PaUtil_WriteMemoryBarrier();
+    return rbuf->writeIndex = (rbuf->writeIndex + elementCount) & rbuf->bigMask;
+}
+
+/***************************************************************************
+** Get address of region(s) from which we can read data.
+** If the region is contiguous, size2 will be zero.
+** If non-contiguous, size2 will be the size of second region.
+** Returns room available to be read or elementCount, whichever is smaller.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadRegions( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount,
+                                void **dataPtr1, ring_buffer_size_t *sizePtr1,
+                                void **dataPtr2, ring_buffer_size_t *sizePtr2 )
+{
+    ring_buffer_size_t   index;
+    ring_buffer_size_t   available = PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadAvailable( rbuf ); /* doesn't use memory barrier */
+    if( elementCount > available ) elementCount = available;
+    /* Check to see if read is not contiguous. */
+    index = rbuf->readIndex & rbuf->smallMask;
+    if( (index + elementCount) > rbuf->bufferSize )
+    {
+        /* Write data in two blocks that wrap the buffer. */
+        ring_buffer_size_t firstHalf = rbuf->bufferSize - index;
+        *dataPtr1 = &rbuf->buffer[index*rbuf->elementSizeBytes];
+        *sizePtr1 = firstHalf;
+        *dataPtr2 = &rbuf->buffer[0];
+        *sizePtr2 = elementCount - firstHalf;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *dataPtr1 = &rbuf->buffer[index*rbuf->elementSizeBytes];
+        *sizePtr1 = elementCount;
+        *dataPtr2 = NULL;
+        *sizePtr2 = 0;
+    }
+
+    if( available )
+        PaUtil_ReadMemoryBarrier(); /* (read-after-read) => read barrier */
+
+    return elementCount;
+}
+/***************************************************************************
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_AdvanceRingBufferReadIndex( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount )
+{
+    /* ensure that previous reads (copies out of the ring buffer) are always completed before updating (writing) the read index.
+       (write-after-read) => full barrier
+    */
+    PaUtil_FullMemoryBarrier();
+    return rbuf->readIndex = (rbuf->readIndex + elementCount) & rbuf->bigMask;
+}
+
+/***************************************************************************
+** Return elements written. */
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_WriteRingBuffer( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, const void *data, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount )
+{
+    ring_buffer_size_t size1, size2, numWritten;
+    void *data1, *data2;
+    numWritten = PaUtil_GetRingBufferWriteRegions( rbuf, elementCount, &data1, &size1, &data2, &size2 );
+    if( size2 > 0 )
+    {
+
+        memcpy( data1, data, size1*rbuf->elementSizeBytes );
+        data = ((char *)data) + size1*rbuf->elementSizeBytes;
+        memcpy( data2, data, size2*rbuf->elementSizeBytes );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        memcpy( data1, data, size1*rbuf->elementSizeBytes );
+    }
+    PaUtil_AdvanceRingBufferWriteIndex( rbuf, numWritten );
+    return numWritten;
+}
+
+/***************************************************************************
+** Return elements read. */
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_ReadRingBuffer( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, void *data, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount )
+{
+    ring_buffer_size_t size1, size2, numRead;
+    void *data1, *data2;
+    numRead = PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadRegions( rbuf, elementCount, &data1, &size1, &data2, &size2 );
+    if( size2 > 0 )
+    {
+        memcpy( data, data1, size1*rbuf->elementSizeBytes );
+        data = ((char *)data) + size1*rbuf->elementSizeBytes;
+        memcpy( data, data2, size2*rbuf->elementSizeBytes );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        memcpy( data, data1, size1*rbuf->elementSizeBytes );
+    }
+    PaUtil_AdvanceRingBufferReadIndex( rbuf, numRead );
+    return numRead;
+}
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_ringbuffer.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_ringbuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..400aaac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_ringbuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+#ifndef PA_RINGBUFFER_H
+#define PA_RINGBUFFER_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * Ring Buffer utility.
+ *
+ * Author: Phil Burk, http://www.softsynth.com
+ * modified for SMP safety on OS X by Bjorn Roche.
+ * also allowed for const where possible.
+ * modified for multiple-byte-sized data elements by Sven Fischer
+ *
+ * Note that this is safe only for a single-thread reader
+ * and a single-thread writer.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed with the PortAudio Portable Audio Library.
+ * For more information see: http://www.portaudio.com
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Ross Bencina and Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+ @brief Single-reader single-writer lock-free ring buffer
+
+ PaUtilRingBuffer is a ring buffer used to transport samples between
+ different execution contexts (threads, OS callbacks, interrupt handlers)
+ without requiring the use of any locks. This only works when there is
+ a single reader and a single writer (ie. one thread or callback writes
+ to the ring buffer, another thread or callback reads from it).
+
+ The PaUtilRingBuffer structure manages a ring buffer containing N
+ elements, where N must be a power of two. An element may be any size
+ (specified in bytes).
+
+ The memory area used to store the buffer elements must be allocated by
+ the client prior to calling PaUtil_InitializeRingBuffer() and must outlive
+ the use of the ring buffer.
+
+ @note The ring buffer functions are not normally exposed in the PortAudio libraries.
+ If you want to call them then you will need to add pa_ringbuffer.c to your application source code.
+*/
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <sys/types.h>
+typedef int32_t ring_buffer_size_t;
+#elif defined( __GNUC__ )
+typedef long ring_buffer_size_t;
+#elif (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
+typedef long ring_buffer_size_t;
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+typedef long ring_buffer_size_t;
+#else
+typedef long ring_buffer_size_t;
+#endif
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+typedef struct PaUtilRingBuffer
+{
+    ring_buffer_size_t  bufferSize; /**< Number of elements in FIFO. Power of 2. Set by PaUtil_InitRingBuffer. */
+    volatile ring_buffer_size_t  writeIndex; /**< Index of next writable element. Set by PaUtil_AdvanceRingBufferWriteIndex. */
+    volatile ring_buffer_size_t  readIndex;  /**< Index of next readable element. Set by PaUtil_AdvanceRingBufferReadIndex. */
+    ring_buffer_size_t  bigMask;    /**< Used for wrapping indices with extra bit to distinguish full/empty. */
+    ring_buffer_size_t  smallMask;  /**< Used for fitting indices to buffer. */
+    ring_buffer_size_t  elementSizeBytes; /**< Number of bytes per element. */
+    char  *buffer;    /**< Pointer to the buffer containing the actual data. */
+}PaUtilRingBuffer;
+
+/** Initialize Ring Buffer to empty state ready to have elements written to it.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @param elementSizeBytes The size of a single data element in bytes.
+
+ @param elementCount The number of elements in the buffer (must be a power of 2).
+
+ @param dataPtr A pointer to a previously allocated area where the data
+ will be maintained.  It must be elementCount*elementSizeBytes long.
+
+ @return -1 if elementCount is not a power of 2, otherwise 0.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_InitializeRingBuffer( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementSizeBytes, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount, void *dataPtr );
+
+/** Reset buffer to empty. Should only be called when buffer is NOT being read or written.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+*/
+void PaUtil_FlushRingBuffer( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf );
+
+/** Retrieve the number of elements available in the ring buffer for writing.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @return The number of elements available for writing.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_GetRingBufferWriteAvailable( const PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf );
+
+/** Retrieve the number of elements available in the ring buffer for reading.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @return The number of elements available for reading.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadAvailable( const PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf );
+
+/** Write data to the ring buffer.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @param data The address of new data to write to the buffer.
+
+ @param elementCount The number of elements to be written.
+
+ @return The number of elements written.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_WriteRingBuffer( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, const void *data, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount );
+
+/** Read data from the ring buffer.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @param data The address where the data should be stored.
+
+ @param elementCount The number of elements to be read.
+
+ @return The number of elements read.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_ReadRingBuffer( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, void *data, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount );
+
+/** Get address of region(s) to which we can write data.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @param elementCount The number of elements desired.
+
+ @param dataPtr1 The address where the first (or only) region pointer will be
+ stored.
+
+ @param sizePtr1 The address where the first (or only) region length will be
+ stored.
+
+ @param dataPtr2 The address where the second region pointer will be stored if
+ the first region is too small to satisfy elementCount.
+
+ @param sizePtr2 The address where the second region length will be stored if
+ the first region is too small to satisfy elementCount.
+
+ @return The room available to be written or elementCount, whichever is smaller.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_GetRingBufferWriteRegions( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount,
+                                       void **dataPtr1, ring_buffer_size_t *sizePtr1,
+                                       void **dataPtr2, ring_buffer_size_t *sizePtr2 );
+
+/** Advance the write index to the next location to be written.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @param elementCount The number of elements to advance.
+
+ @return The new position.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_AdvanceRingBufferWriteIndex( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount );
+
+/** Get address of region(s) from which we can read data.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @param elementCount The number of elements desired.
+
+ @param dataPtr1 The address where the first (or only) region pointer will be
+ stored.
+
+ @param sizePtr1 The address where the first (or only) region length will be
+ stored.
+
+ @param dataPtr2 The address where the second region pointer will be stored if
+ the first region is too small to satisfy elementCount.
+
+ @param sizePtr2 The address where the second region length will be stored if
+ the first region is too small to satisfy elementCount.
+
+ @return The number of elements available for reading.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadRegions( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount,
+                                      void **dataPtr1, ring_buffer_size_t *sizePtr1,
+                                      void **dataPtr2, ring_buffer_size_t *sizePtr2 );
+
+/** Advance the read index to the next location to be read.
+
+ @param rbuf The ring buffer.
+
+ @param elementCount The number of elements to advance.
+
+ @return The new position.
+*/
+ring_buffer_size_t PaUtil_AdvanceRingBufferReadIndex( PaUtilRingBuffer *rbuf, ring_buffer_size_t elementCount );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_RINGBUFFER_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_stream.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_stream.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffbf530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_stream.c
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * stream interface
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 2008 Ross Bencina
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Stream interfaces, representation structures and helper functions
+ used to interface between pa_front.c host API implementations.
+*/
+
+
+#include "pa_stream.h"
+
+
+void PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface( PaUtilStreamInterface *streamInterface,
+                                       PaError (*Close)( PaStream* ),
+                                       PaError (*Start)( PaStream* ),
+                                       PaError (*Stop)( PaStream* ),
+                                       PaError (*Abort)( PaStream* ),
+                                       PaError (*IsStopped)( PaStream* ),
+                                       PaError (*IsActive)( PaStream* ),
+                                       PaTime (*GetTime)( PaStream* ),
+                                       double (*GetCpuLoad)( PaStream* ),
+                                       PaError (*Read)( PaStream*, void *, unsigned long ),
+                                       PaError (*Write)( PaStream*, const void *, unsigned long ),
+                                       signed long (*GetReadAvailable)( PaStream* ),
+                                       signed long (*GetWriteAvailable)( PaStream* )  )
+{
+    streamInterface->Close = Close;
+    streamInterface->Start = Start;
+    streamInterface->Stop = Stop;
+    streamInterface->Abort = Abort;
+    streamInterface->IsStopped = IsStopped;
+    streamInterface->IsActive = IsActive;
+    streamInterface->GetTime = GetTime;
+    streamInterface->GetCpuLoad = GetCpuLoad;
+    streamInterface->Read = Read;
+    streamInterface->Write = Write;
+    streamInterface->GetReadAvailable = GetReadAvailable;
+    streamInterface->GetWriteAvailable = GetWriteAvailable;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_InitializeStreamRepresentation( PaUtilStreamRepresentation *streamRepresentation,
+        PaUtilStreamInterface *streamInterface,
+        PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+        void *userData )
+{
+    streamRepresentation->magic = PA_STREAM_MAGIC;
+    streamRepresentation->nextOpenStream = 0;
+    streamRepresentation->streamInterface = streamInterface;
+    streamRepresentation->streamCallback = streamCallback;
+    streamRepresentation->streamFinishedCallback = 0;
+
+    streamRepresentation->userData = userData;
+
+    streamRepresentation->streamInfo.inputLatency = 0.;
+    streamRepresentation->streamInfo.outputLatency = 0.;
+    streamRepresentation->streamInfo.sampleRate = 0.;
+}
+
+
+void PaUtil_TerminateStreamRepresentation( PaUtilStreamRepresentation *streamRepresentation )
+{
+    streamRepresentation->magic = 0;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_DummyRead( PaStream* stream,
+                               void *buffer,
+                               unsigned long frames )
+{
+    (void)stream; /* unused parameter */
+    (void)buffer; /* unused parameter */
+    (void)frames; /* unused parameter */
+
+    return paCanNotReadFromACallbackStream;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_DummyWrite( PaStream* stream,
+                               const void *buffer,
+                               unsigned long frames )
+{
+    (void)stream; /* unused parameter */
+    (void)buffer; /* unused parameter */
+    (void)frames; /* unused parameter */
+
+    return paCanNotWriteToACallbackStream;
+}
+
+
+signed long PaUtil_DummyGetReadAvailable( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    (void)stream; /* unused parameter */
+
+    return paCanNotReadFromACallbackStream;
+}
+
+
+signed long PaUtil_DummyGetWriteAvailable( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    (void)stream; /* unused parameter */
+
+    return paCanNotWriteToACallbackStream;
+}
+
+
+double PaUtil_DummyGetCpuLoad( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    (void)stream; /* unused parameter */
+
+    return 0.0;
+}
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_stream.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_stream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4afda39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_stream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#ifndef PA_STREAM_H
+#define PA_STREAM_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * stream interface
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Stream interfaces, representation structures and helper functions
+ used to interface between pa_front.c host API implementations.
+*/
+
+
+#include "portaudio.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+#define PA_STREAM_MAGIC (0x18273645)
+
+
+/** A structure representing an (abstract) interface to a host API. Contains
+ pointers to functions which implement the interface.
+
+ All PaStreamInterface functions are guaranteed to be called with a non-null,
+ valid stream parameter.
+*/
+typedef struct {
+    PaError (*Close)( PaStream* stream );
+    PaError (*Start)( PaStream *stream );
+    PaError (*Stop)( PaStream *stream );
+    PaError (*Abort)( PaStream *stream );
+    PaError (*IsStopped)( PaStream *stream );
+    PaError (*IsActive)( PaStream *stream );
+    PaTime (*GetTime)( PaStream *stream );
+    double (*GetCpuLoad)( PaStream* stream );
+    PaError (*Read)( PaStream* stream, void *buffer, unsigned long frames );
+    PaError (*Write)( PaStream* stream, const void *buffer, unsigned long frames );
+    signed long (*GetReadAvailable)( PaStream* stream );
+    signed long (*GetWriteAvailable)( PaStream* stream );
+} PaUtilStreamInterface;
+
+
+/** Initialize the fields of a PaUtilStreamInterface structure.
+*/
+void PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface( PaUtilStreamInterface *streamInterface,
+    PaError (*Close)( PaStream* ),
+    PaError (*Start)( PaStream* ),
+    PaError (*Stop)( PaStream* ),
+    PaError (*Abort)( PaStream* ),
+    PaError (*IsStopped)( PaStream* ),
+    PaError (*IsActive)( PaStream* ),
+    PaTime (*GetTime)( PaStream* ),
+    double (*GetCpuLoad)( PaStream* ),
+    PaError (*Read)( PaStream* stream, void *buffer, unsigned long frames ),
+    PaError (*Write)( PaStream* stream, const void *buffer, unsigned long frames ),
+    signed long (*GetReadAvailable)( PaStream* stream ),
+    signed long (*GetWriteAvailable)( PaStream* stream ) );
+
+
+/** Dummy Read function for use in interfaces to a callback based streams.
+ Pass to the Read parameter of PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface.
+ @return An error code indicating that the function has no effect
+ because the stream is a callback stream.
+*/
+PaError PaUtil_DummyRead( PaStream* stream,
+                       void *buffer,
+                       unsigned long frames );
+
+
+/** Dummy Write function for use in an interfaces to callback based streams.
+ Pass to the Write parameter of PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface.
+ @return An error code indicating that the function has no effect
+ because the stream is a callback stream.
+*/
+PaError PaUtil_DummyWrite( PaStream* stream,
+                       const void *buffer,
+                       unsigned long frames );
+
+
+/** Dummy GetReadAvailable function for use in interfaces to callback based
+ streams. Pass to the GetReadAvailable parameter of PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface.
+ @return An error code indicating that the function has no effect
+ because the stream is a callback stream.
+*/
+signed long PaUtil_DummyGetReadAvailable( PaStream* stream );
+
+
+/** Dummy GetWriteAvailable function for use in interfaces to callback based
+ streams. Pass to the GetWriteAvailable parameter of PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface.
+ @return An error code indicating that the function has no effect
+ because the stream is a callback stream.
+*/
+signed long PaUtil_DummyGetWriteAvailable( PaStream* stream );
+
+
+
+/** Dummy GetCpuLoad function for use in an interface to a read/write stream.
+ Pass to the GetCpuLoad parameter of PaUtil_InitializeStreamInterface.
+ @return Returns 0.
+*/
+double PaUtil_DummyGetCpuLoad( PaStream* stream );
+
+
+/** Non host specific data for a stream. This data is used by pa_front to
+ forward to the appropriate functions in the streamInterface structure.
+*/
+typedef struct PaUtilStreamRepresentation {
+    unsigned long magic;    /**< set to PA_STREAM_MAGIC */
+    struct PaUtilStreamRepresentation *nextOpenStream; /**< field used by multi-api code */
+    PaUtilStreamInterface *streamInterface;
+    PaStreamCallback *streamCallback;
+    PaStreamFinishedCallback *streamFinishedCallback;
+    void *userData;
+    PaStreamInfo streamInfo;
+} PaUtilStreamRepresentation;
+
+
+/** Initialize a PaUtilStreamRepresentation structure.
+
+ @see PaUtil_InitializeStreamRepresentation
+*/
+void PaUtil_InitializeStreamRepresentation(
+        PaUtilStreamRepresentation *streamRepresentation,
+        PaUtilStreamInterface *streamInterface,
+        PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+        void *userData );
+
+
+/** Clean up a PaUtilStreamRepresentation structure previously initialized
+ by a call to PaUtil_InitializeStreamRepresentation.
+
+ @see PaUtil_InitializeStreamRepresentation
+*/
+void PaUtil_TerminateStreamRepresentation( PaUtilStreamRepresentation *streamRepresentation );
+
+
+/** Check that the stream pointer is valid.
+
+ @return Returns paNoError if the stream pointer appears to be OK, otherwise
+ returns an error indicating the cause of failure.
+*/
+PaError PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( PaStream *stream );
+
+
+/** Cast an opaque stream pointer into a pointer to a PaUtilStreamRepresentation.
+
+ @see PaUtilStreamRepresentation
+*/
+#define PA_STREAM_REP( stream )\
+    ((PaUtilStreamRepresentation*) (stream) )
+
+
+/** Cast an opaque stream pointer into a pointer to a PaUtilStreamInterface.
+
+ @see PaUtilStreamRepresentation, PaUtilStreamInterface
+*/
+#define PA_STREAM_INTERFACE( stream )\
+    PA_STREAM_REP( (stream) )->streamInterface
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_STREAM_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_trace.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_trace.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6763dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_trace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library Trace Facility
+ * Store trace information in real-time for later printing.
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Real-time safe event trace logging facility for debugging.
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "pa_trace.h"
+#include "pa_util.h"
+#include "pa_debugprint.h"
+
+#if PA_TRACE_REALTIME_EVENTS
+
+static char const *traceTextArray[PA_MAX_TRACE_RECORDS];
+static int traceIntArray[PA_MAX_TRACE_RECORDS];
+static int traceIndex = 0;
+static int traceBlock = 0;
+
+/*********************************************************************/
+void PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages()
+{
+    traceIndex = 0;
+}
+
+/*********************************************************************/
+void PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages()
+{
+    int i;
+    int messageCount = (traceIndex < PA_MAX_TRACE_RECORDS) ? traceIndex : PA_MAX_TRACE_RECORDS;
+
+    printf("DumpTraceMessages: traceIndex = %d\n", traceIndex );
+    for( i=0; i<messageCount; i++ )
+    {
+        printf("%3d: %s = 0x%08X\n",
+               i, traceTextArray[i], traceIntArray[i] );
+    }
+    PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages();
+    fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+/*********************************************************************/
+void PaUtil_AddTraceMessage( const char *msg, int data )
+{
+    if( (traceIndex == PA_MAX_TRACE_RECORDS) && (traceBlock == 0) )
+    {
+        traceBlock = 1;
+        /*  PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages(); */
+    }
+    else if( traceIndex < PA_MAX_TRACE_RECORDS )
+    {
+        traceTextArray[traceIndex] = msg;
+        traceIntArray[traceIndex] = data;
+        traceIndex++;
+    }
+}
+
+/************************************************************************/
+/* High performance log alternative                                     */
+/************************************************************************/
+
+typedef unsigned long long  PaUint64;
+
+typedef struct __PaHighPerformanceLog
+{
+    unsigned    magik;
+    int         writePtr;
+    int         readPtr;
+    int         size;
+    double      refTime;
+    char*       data;
+} PaHighPerformanceLog;
+
+static const unsigned kMagik = 0xcafebabe;
+
+#define USEC_PER_SEC    (1000000ULL)
+
+int PaUtil_InitializeHighSpeedLog( LogHandle* phLog, unsigned maxSizeInBytes )
+{
+    PaHighPerformanceLog* pLog = (PaHighPerformanceLog*)PaUtil_AllocateMemory(sizeof(PaHighPerformanceLog));
+    if (pLog == 0)
+    {
+        return paInsufficientMemory;
+    }
+    assert(phLog != 0);
+    *phLog = pLog;
+
+    pLog->data = (char*)PaUtil_AllocateMemory(maxSizeInBytes);
+    if (pLog->data == 0)
+    {
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory(pLog);
+        return paInsufficientMemory;
+    }
+    pLog->magik = kMagik;
+    pLog->size = maxSizeInBytes;
+    pLog->refTime = PaUtil_GetTime();
+    return paNoError;
+}
+
+void PaUtil_ResetHighSpeedLogTimeRef( LogHandle hLog )
+{
+    PaHighPerformanceLog* pLog = (PaHighPerformanceLog*)hLog;
+    assert(pLog->magik == kMagik);
+    pLog->refTime = PaUtil_GetTime();
+}
+
+typedef struct __PaLogEntryHeader
+{
+    int    size;
+    double timeStamp;
+} PaLogEntryHeader;
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#define _vsnprintf vsnprintf
+#define min(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
+#endif
+
+
+int PaUtil_AddHighSpeedLogMessage( LogHandle hLog, const char* fmt, ... )
+{
+    va_list l;
+    int n = 0;
+    PaHighPerformanceLog* pLog = (PaHighPerformanceLog*)hLog;
+    if (pLog != 0)
+    {
+        PaLogEntryHeader* pHeader;
+        char* p;
+        int maxN;
+        assert(pLog->magik == kMagik);
+        pHeader = (PaLogEntryHeader*)( pLog->data + pLog->writePtr );
+        p = (char*)( pHeader + 1 );
+        maxN = pLog->size - pLog->writePtr - 2 * sizeof(PaLogEntryHeader);
+
+        pHeader->timeStamp = PaUtil_GetTime() - pLog->refTime;
+        if (maxN > 0)
+        {
+            if (maxN > 32)
+            {
+                va_start(l, fmt);
+                n = _vsnprintf(p, min(1024, maxN), fmt, l);
+                va_end(l);
+            }
+            else {
+                n = sprintf(p, "End of log...");
+            }
+            n = ((n + sizeof(unsigned)) & ~(sizeof(unsigned)-1)) + sizeof(PaLogEntryHeader);
+            pHeader->size = n;
+#if 0
+            PaUtil_DebugPrint("%05u.%03u: %s\n", pHeader->timeStamp/1000, pHeader->timeStamp%1000, p);
+#endif
+            pLog->writePtr += n;
+        }
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+
+void PaUtil_DumpHighSpeedLog( LogHandle hLog, const char* fileName )
+{
+    FILE* f = (fileName != NULL) ? fopen(fileName, "w") : stdout;
+    unsigned localWritePtr;
+    PaHighPerformanceLog* pLog = (PaHighPerformanceLog*)hLog;
+    assert(pLog->magik == kMagik);
+    localWritePtr = pLog->writePtr;
+    while (pLog->readPtr != localWritePtr)
+    {
+        const PaLogEntryHeader* pHeader = (const PaLogEntryHeader*)( pLog->data + pLog->readPtr );
+        const char* p = (const char*)( pHeader + 1 );
+        const PaUint64 ts = (const PaUint64)( pHeader->timeStamp * USEC_PER_SEC );
+        assert(pHeader->size < (1024+sizeof(unsigned)+sizeof(PaLogEntryHeader)));
+        fprintf(f, "%05u.%03u: %s\n", (unsigned)(ts/1000), (unsigned)(ts%1000), p);
+        pLog->readPtr += pHeader->size;
+    }
+    if (f != stdout)
+    {
+        fclose(f);
+    }
+}
+
+void PaUtil_DiscardHighSpeedLog( LogHandle hLog )
+{
+    PaHighPerformanceLog* pLog = (PaHighPerformanceLog*)hLog;
+    assert(pLog->magik == kMagik);
+    PaUtil_FreeMemory(pLog->data);
+    PaUtil_FreeMemory(pLog);
+}
+
+#else
+/* This stub was added so that this file will generate a symbol.
+ * Otherwise linker/archiver programs will complain.
+ */
+int PaUtil_TraceStubToSatisfyLinker(void)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif /* TRACE_REALTIME_EVENTS */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_trace.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_trace.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7827766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_trace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#ifndef PA_TRACE_H
+#define PA_TRACE_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library Trace Facility
+ * Store trace information in real-time for later printing.
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Real-time safe event trace logging facility for debugging.
+
+ Allows data to be logged to a fixed size trace buffer in a real-time
+ execution context (such as at interrupt time). Each log entry consists
+ of a message comprising a string pointer and an int.  The trace buffer
+ may be dumped to stdout later.
+
+ This facility is only active if PA_TRACE_REALTIME_EVENTS is set to 1,
+ otherwise the trace functions expand to no-ops.
+
+ @fn PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages
+ @brief Clear the trace buffer.
+
+ @fn PaUtil_AddTraceMessage
+ @brief Add a message to the trace buffer. A message consists of string and an int.
+ @param msg The string pointer must remain valid until PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages
+    is called. As a result, usually only string literals should be passed as
+    the msg parameter.
+
+ @fn PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages
+ @brief Print all messages in the trace buffer to stdout and clear the trace buffer.
+*/
+
+#ifndef PA_TRACE_REALTIME_EVENTS
+#define PA_TRACE_REALTIME_EVENTS     (0)   /**< Set to 1 to enable logging using the trace functions defined below */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PA_MAX_TRACE_RECORDS
+#define PA_MAX_TRACE_RECORDS      (2048)   /**< Maximum number of records stored in trace buffer */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+#if PA_TRACE_REALTIME_EVENTS
+
+void PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages();
+void PaUtil_AddTraceMessage( const char *msg, int data );
+void PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages();
+
+/* Alternative interface */
+
+typedef void* LogHandle;
+
+int PaUtil_InitializeHighSpeedLog(LogHandle* phLog, unsigned maxSizeInBytes);
+void PaUtil_ResetHighSpeedLogTimeRef(LogHandle hLog);
+int PaUtil_AddHighSpeedLogMessage(LogHandle hLog, const char* fmt, ...);
+void PaUtil_DumpHighSpeedLog(LogHandle hLog, const char* fileName);
+void PaUtil_DiscardHighSpeedLog(LogHandle hLog);
+
+#else
+
+#define PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages() /* noop */
+#define PaUtil_AddTraceMessage(msg,data) /* noop */
+#define PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages() /* noop */
+
+#define PaUtil_InitializeHighSpeedLog(phLog, maxSizeInBytes)  (0)
+#define PaUtil_ResetHighSpeedLogTimeRef(hLog)
+#define PaUtil_AddHighSpeedLogMessage(...)   (0)
+#define PaUtil_DumpHighSpeedLog(hLog, fileName)
+#define PaUtil_DiscardHighSpeedLog(hLog)
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+#endif /* PA_TRACE_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_types.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_types.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f628783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#ifndef PA_TYPES_H
+#define PA_TYPES_H
+
+/*
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library
+ * integer type definitions
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Definition of 16 and 32 bit integer types (PaInt16, PaInt32 etc)
+
+ SIZEOF_SHORT, SIZEOF_INT and SIZEOF_LONG are set by the configure script
+ when it is used. Otherwise we default to the common 32 bit values, if your
+ platform doesn't use configure, and doesn't use the default values below
+ you will need to explicitly define these symbols in your make file.
+
+ A PA_VALIDATE_SIZES macro is provided to assert that the values set in this
+ file are correct.
+*/
+
+#ifndef SIZEOF_SHORT
+#define SIZEOF_SHORT 2
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SIZEOF_INT
+#define SIZEOF_INT 4
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SIZEOF_LONG
+#define SIZEOF_LONG 4
+#endif
+
+
+#if SIZEOF_SHORT == 2
+typedef signed short PaInt16;
+typedef unsigned short PaUint16;
+#elif SIZEOF_INT == 2
+typedef signed int PaInt16;
+typedef unsigned int PaUint16;
+#else
+#error pa_types.h was unable to determine which type to use for 16bit integers on the target platform
+#endif
+
+#if SIZEOF_SHORT == 4
+typedef signed short PaInt32;
+typedef unsigned short PaUint32;
+#elif SIZEOF_INT == 4
+typedef signed int PaInt32;
+typedef unsigned int PaUint32;
+#elif SIZEOF_LONG == 4
+typedef signed long PaInt32;
+typedef unsigned long PaUint32;
+#else
+#error pa_types.h was unable to determine which type to use for 32bit integers on the target platform
+#endif
+
+
+/* PA_VALIDATE_TYPE_SIZES compares the size of the integer types at runtime to
+ ensure that PortAudio was configured correctly, and raises an assertion if
+ they don't match the expected values. <assert.h> must be included in the
+ context in which this macro is used.
+*/
+#define PA_VALIDATE_TYPE_SIZES \
+    { \
+        assert( "PortAudio: type sizes are not correct in pa_types.h" && sizeof( PaUint16 ) == 2 ); \
+        assert( "PortAudio: type sizes are not correct in pa_types.h" && sizeof( PaInt16 ) == 2 ); \
+        assert( "PortAudio: type sizes are not correct in pa_types.h" && sizeof( PaUint32 ) == 4 ); \
+        assert( "PortAudio: type sizes are not correct in pa_types.h" && sizeof( PaInt32 ) == 4 ); \
+    }
+
+
+#endif /* PA_TYPES_H */
diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_util.h b/portaudio/src/common/pa_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08dc0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#ifndef PA_UTIL_H
+#define PA_UTIL_H
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library implementation utilities header
+ * common implementation utilities and interfaces
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+    @brief Prototypes for utility functions used by PortAudio implementations.
+
+    Some functions declared here are defined in pa_front.c while others
+    are implemented separately for each platform.
+*/
+
+
+#include "portaudio.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+
+
+struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation;
+
+
+/** Retrieve a specific host API representation. This function can be used
+ by implementations to retrieve a pointer to their representation in
+ host api specific extension functions which aren't passed a rep pointer
+ by pa_front.c.
+
+ @param hostApi A pointer to a host API representation pointer. Upon success
+ this will receive the requested representation pointer.
+
+ @param type A valid host API type identifier.
+
+ @returns An error code. If the result is PaNoError then a pointer to the
+ requested host API representation will be stored in *hostApi. If the host API
+ specified by type is not found, this function returns paHostApiNotFound.
+*/
+PaError PaUtil_GetHostApiRepresentation( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApi,
+        PaHostApiTypeId type );
+
+
+/** Convert a PortAudio device index into a host API specific device index.
+ @param hostApiDevice Pointer to a device index, on success this will receive the
+ converted device index value.
+ @param device The PortAudio device index to convert.
+ @param hostApi The host api which the index should be converted for.
+
+ @returns On success returns PaNoError and places the converted index in the
+ hostApiDevice parameter.
+*/
+PaError PaUtil_DeviceIndexToHostApiDeviceIndex(
+        PaDeviceIndex *hostApiDevice, PaDeviceIndex device,
+        struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi );
+
+
+/** Set the host error information returned by Pa_GetLastHostErrorInfo. This
+ function and the paUnanticipatedHostError error code should be used as a
+ last resort.  Implementors should use existing PA error codes where possible,
+ or nominate new ones. Note that at it is always better to use
+ PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo() and paUnanticipatedHostError than to return an
+ ambiguous or inaccurate PaError code.
+
+ @param hostApiType  The host API which encountered the error (ie of the caller)
+
+ @param errorCode The error code returned by the native API function.
+
+ @param errorText A string describing the error. PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo
+ makes a copy of the string, so it is not necessary for the pointer to remain
+ valid after the call to PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo() returns.
+
+*/
+void PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo( PaHostApiTypeId hostApiType, long errorCode,
+        const char *errorText );
+
+
+
+/* the following functions are implemented in a platform platform specific
+ .c file
+*/
+
+/** Allocate size bytes, guaranteed to be aligned to a FIXME byte boundary */
+void *PaUtil_AllocateMemory( long size );
+
+
+/** Release block if non-NULL. block may be NULL */
+void PaUtil_FreeMemory( void *block );
+
+
+/** Return the number of currently allocated blocks. This function can be
+ used for detecting memory leaks.
+
+ @note Allocations will only be tracked if PA_TRACK_MEMORY is #defined. If
+ it isn't, this function will always return 0.
+*/
+int PaUtil_CountCurrentlyAllocatedBlocks( void );
+
+
+/** Initialize the clock used by PaUtil_GetTime(). Call this before calling
+ PaUtil_GetTime.
+
+ @see PaUtil_GetTime
+*/
+void PaUtil_InitializeClock( void );
+
+
+/** Return the system time in seconds. Used to implement CPU load functions
+
+ @see PaUtil_InitializeClock
+*/
+double PaUtil_GetTime( void );
+
+
+/* void Pa_Sleep( long msec );  must also be implemented in per-platform .c file */
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#endif /* PA_UTIL_H */