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authorsanine <sanine.not@pm.me>2023-02-12 23:53:22 -0600
committersanine <sanine.not@pm.me>2023-02-12 23:53:22 -0600
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treeab37ae3837e2f858de2932bcee9f26e69fab3db1 /libs/cairo-1.16.0/doc/public/html/bindings-memory.html
parentf567ea1e2798fd3156a416e61f083ea3e6b95719 (diff)
switch to tinyobj and nanovg from assimp and cairo
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-<title>Memory management: Cairo: A Vector Graphics Library</title>
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-<link rel="up" href="language-bindings.html" title="Appendix A. Creating a language binding for cairo">
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-<div class="sect1">
-<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
-<a name="bindings-memory"></a>Memory management</h2></div></div></div>
-<p>
- The objects in cairo can roughly be divided into two types:
- reference-counted, opaque types like
- <a class="link" href="cairo-cairo-surface-t.html#cairo-surface-t" title="cairo_surface_t"><span class="type">cairo_surface_t</span></a>
- and plain structures like
- <a class="link" href="cairo-text.html#cairo-glyph-t" title="cairo_glyph_t"><span class="type">cairo_glyph_t</span></a>.
- <a class="link" href="cairo-Paths.html#cairo-path-t" title="cairo_path_t"><span class="type">cairo_path_t</span></a>
- and
- <a class="link" href="cairo-Paths.html#cairo-path-data-t" title="union cairo_path_data_t"><span class="type">cairo_path_data_t</span></a>
- are special cases and are treated separately in this appendix.
- </p>
-<p>
- Refcounted opaque types all have a
- <code class="function">..._reference()</code>
- function to increase the refcount by one and a
- <code class="function">..._destroy()</code> to decrease the refcount
- by one. These should not be exposed to the user of the language
- binding, but rather used to implement memory management within
- the language binding. The simplest way to do memory management
- for a language binding is to treat the language binding object
- as a simple handle to the cairo object. The language binding
- object references the cairo object, and unreferences it when
- finalized. This is the recommended method, though there are
- a couple of caveats to be noted:
- </p>
-<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
-<li class="listitem"><p>
- Equality won't work as expected. You can have two language
- objects for the same cairo and they won't necessarily
- compare equal. If the language allows customizing the
- equality operation, then this is fixable by comparing
- the underlying pointers. It also can be fixed by creating
- at most one language object per cairo object, and
- uniquifying via a <em class="firstterm">pin table</em> (a hash
- table that goes from cairo object to language object).
- For <span class="type">cairo_surface_t</span> you can use also
- <a class="link" href="cairo-cairo-surface-t.html#cairo-surface-set-user-data" title="cairo_surface_set_user_data ()"><code class="function">cairo_surface_set_user_data()</code></a>
- instead of a separate pin table.
- </p></li>
-<li class="listitem">
-<p>
- Derivation from the language object doesn't work because
- you can lose the language object while keeping the Cairo
- object. Code like:
- </p>
-<pre class="programlisting">
-public class MySurface (ImageSurface) {
- public MySurface (width, height) {
- super (Format.ARGB32, width, height);
- }
- public int get42 () {
- return 42;
- }
-}
-
- cr = Cairo(MySurface(width, height));
- surface = cr.getTarget();
-</pre>
-<p>
- Can result in <code class="varname">surface</code> containing an
- <code class="classname">ImageSurface</code> not a <code class="classname">MySurface</code>.
- This is not easily fixable without creating memory leaks,
- and it's probably best to simply forbid deriving from the
- language objects.
- </p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-<p>
- When a plain structure is used as a return value from cairo,
- this is done by passing it as a “out parameter”.
- </p>
-<pre class="programlisting">
-cairo_font_extents_t extents;
-
-cairo_font_extents (cr, &amp;extents);</pre>
-<p>
- In a language binding, this should typically be treated
- as a return value:
- </p>
-<pre class="programlisting">
-FontExtents extents = cr.fontExtents ();</pre>
-<p>
- A language binding has a choice in how it implements the
- language objects for plain structures. It can use a pure
- language object with fields corresponding to those of the C
- structure, and convert from and to the C structure when calling
- cairo functions or converting cairo return values. Or it
- can keep a pointer to the C structure internally and wrap
- it inside a language object much like occurs for refcounted
- objects. The choice should be invisible to the user: they should
- be able to imagine that it is implemented as a pure language
- object.
- </p>
-</div>
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