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+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+# http://pyode.sourceforge.net/tutorials/tutorial3.html
+
+# pyODE example 3: Collision detection
+
+# Originally by Matthias Baas.
+# Updated by Pierre Gay to work without pygame or cgkit.
+
+import sys, os, random, time
+from math import *
+from OpenGL.GL import *
+from OpenGL.GLU import *
+from OpenGL.GLUT import *
+
+import ode
+
+# geometric utility functions
+def scalp (vec, scal):
+ vec[0] *= scal
+ vec[1] *= scal
+ vec[2] *= scal
+
+def length (vec):
+ return sqrt (vec[0]**2 + vec[1]**2 + vec[2]**2)
+
+# prepare_GL
+def prepare_GL():
+ """Prepare drawing.
+ """
+
+ # Viewport
+ glViewport(0,0,640,480)
+
+ # Initialize
+ glClearColor(0.8,0.8,0.9,0)
+ glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+ glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
+ glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
+ glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
+ glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE)
+ glShadeModel(GL_FLAT)
+
+ # Projection
+ glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
+ glLoadIdentity()
+ gluPerspective (45,1.3333,0.2,20)
+
+ # Initialize ModelView matrix
+ glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
+ glLoadIdentity()
+
+ # Light source
+ glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,[0,0,1,0])
+ glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,[1,1,1,1])
+ glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,[1,1,1,1])
+ glEnable(GL_LIGHT0)
+
+ # View transformation
+ gluLookAt (2.4, 3.6, 4.8, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 0)
+
+# draw_body
+def draw_body(body):
+ """Draw an ODE body.
+ """
+
+ x,y,z = body.getPosition()
+ R = body.getRotation()
+ rot = [R[0], R[3], R[6], 0.,
+ R[1], R[4], R[7], 0.,
+ R[2], R[5], R[8], 0.,
+ x, y, z, 1.0]
+ glPushMatrix()
+ glMultMatrixd(rot)
+ if body.shape=="box":
+ sx,sy,sz = body.boxsize
+ glScalef(sx, sy, sz)
+ glutSolidCube(1)
+ glPopMatrix()
+
+
+# create_box
+def create_box(world, space, density, lx, ly, lz):
+ """Create a box body and its corresponding geom."""
+
+ # Create body
+ body = ode.Body(world)
+ M = ode.Mass()
+ M.setBox(density, lx, ly, lz)
+ body.setMass(M)
+
+ # Set parameters for drawing the body
+ body.shape = "box"
+ body.boxsize = (lx, ly, lz)
+
+ # Create a box geom for collision detection
+ geom = ode.GeomBox(space, lengths=body.boxsize)
+ geom.setBody(body)
+
+ return body, geom
+
+# drop_object
+def drop_object():
+ """Drop an object into the scene."""
+
+ global bodies, geom, counter, objcount
+
+ body, geom = create_box(world, space, 1000, 1.0,0.2,0.2)
+ body.setPosition( (random.gauss(0,0.1),3.0,random.gauss(0,0.1)) )
+ theta = random.uniform(0,2*pi)
+ ct = cos (theta)
+ st = sin (theta)
+ body.setRotation([ct, 0., -st, 0., 1., 0., st, 0., ct])
+ bodies.append(body)
+ geoms.append(geom)
+ counter=0
+ objcount+=1
+
+# explosion
+def explosion():
+ """Simulate an explosion.
+
+ Every object is pushed away from the origin.
+ The force is dependent on the objects distance from the origin.
+ """
+ global bodies
+
+ for b in bodies:
+ l=b.getPosition ()
+ d = length (l)
+ a = max(0, 40000*(1.0-0.2*d*d))
+ l = [l[0] / 4, l[1], l[2] /4]
+ scalp (l, a / length (l))
+ b.addForce(l)
+
+# pull
+def pull():
+ """Pull the objects back to the origin.
+
+ Every object will be pulled back to the origin.
+ Every couple of frames there'll be a thrust upwards so that
+ the objects won't stick to the ground all the time.
+ """
+ global bodies, counter
+
+ for b in bodies:
+ l=list (b.getPosition ())
+ scalp (l, -1000 / length (l))
+ b.addForce(l)
+ if counter%60==0:
+ b.addForce((0,10000,0))
+
+# Collision callback
+def near_callback(args, geom1, geom2):
+ """Callback function for the collide() method.
+
+ This function checks if the given geoms do collide and
+ creates contact joints if they do.
+ """
+
+ # Check if the objects do collide
+ contacts = ode.collide(geom1, geom2)
+
+ # Create contact joints
+ world,contactgroup = args
+ for c in contacts:
+ c.setBounce(0.2)
+ c.setMu(5000)
+ j = ode.ContactJoint(world, contactgroup, c)
+ j.attach(geom1.getBody(), geom2.getBody())
+
+
+
+######################################################################
+
+# Initialize Glut
+glutInit ([])
+
+# Open a window
+glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE)
+
+x = 0
+y = 0
+width = 640
+height = 480
+glutInitWindowPosition (x, y);
+glutInitWindowSize (width, height);
+glutCreateWindow ("testode")
+
+# Create a world object
+world = ode.World()
+world.setGravity( (0,-9.81,0) )
+world.setERP(0.8)
+world.setCFM(1E-5)
+
+# Create a space object
+space = ode.Space()
+
+# Create a plane geom which prevent the objects from falling forever
+floor = ode.GeomPlane(space, (0,1,0), 0)
+
+# A list with ODE bodies
+bodies = []
+
+# The geoms for each of the bodies
+geoms = []
+
+# A joint group for the contact joints that are generated whenever
+# two bodies collide
+contactgroup = ode.JointGroup()
+
+# Some variables used inside the simulation loop
+fps = 50
+dt = 1.0/fps
+running = True
+state = 0
+counter = 0
+objcount = 0
+lasttime = time.time()
+
+
+# keyboard callback
+def _keyfunc (c, x, y):
+ sys.exit (0)
+
+glutKeyboardFunc (_keyfunc)
+
+# draw callback
+def _drawfunc ():
+ # Draw the scene
+ prepare_GL()
+ for b in bodies:
+ draw_body(b)
+
+ glutSwapBuffers ()
+
+glutDisplayFunc (_drawfunc)
+
+# idle callback
+def _idlefunc ():
+ global counter, state, lasttime
+
+ t = dt - (time.time() - lasttime)
+ if (t > 0):
+ time.sleep(t)
+
+ counter += 1
+
+ if state==0:
+ if counter==20:
+ drop_object()
+ if objcount==30:
+ state=1
+ counter=0
+ # State 1: Explosion and pulling back the objects
+ elif state==1:
+ if counter==100:
+ explosion()
+ if counter>300:
+ pull()
+ if counter==500:
+ counter=20
+
+ glutPostRedisplay ()
+
+ # Simulate
+ n = 4
+
+ for i in range(n):
+ # Detect collisions and create contact joints
+ space.collide((world,contactgroup), near_callback)
+
+ # Simulation step
+ world.step(dt/n)
+
+ # Remove all contact joints
+ contactgroup.empty()
+
+ lasttime = time.time()
+
+glutIdleFunc (_idlefunc)
+
+glutMainLoop ()
+