add initial structure

1 files changed, 1810 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/portaudio/src/common/pa_front.c b/portaudio/src/common/pa_front.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65a656f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/portaudio/src/common/pa_front.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1810 @@
+/*
+ * $Id$
+ * Portable Audio I/O Library Multi-Host API front end
+ * Validate function parameters and manage multiple host APIs.
+ *
+ * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
+ * Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
+ * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+ * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+ * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
+ * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
+ *
+ * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
+ * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
+ * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
+ * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
+ * license above.
+ */
+
+/** @file
+ @ingroup common_src
+
+ @brief Implements PortAudio API functions defined in portaudio.h, checks
+ some errors, delegates platform-specific behavior to host API implementations.
+
+ Implements the functions defined in the PortAudio API (portaudio.h),
+ validates some parameters and checks for state inconsistencies before
+ forwarding API requests to specific Host API implementations (via the
+ interface declared in pa_hostapi.h), and Streams (via the interface
+ declared in pa_stream.h).
+
+ This file manages initialization and termination of Host API
+ implementations via initializer functions stored in the paHostApiInitializers
+ global array (usually defined in an os-specific pa_[os]_hostapis.c file).
+
+ This file maintains a list of all open streams and closes them at Pa_Terminate().
+
+ Some utility functions declared in pa_util.h are implemented in this file.
+
+ All PortAudio API functions can be conditionally compiled with logging code.
+ To compile with logging, define the PA_LOG_API_CALLS precompiler symbol.
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <memory.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h> /* needed for strtol() */
+#include <assert.h> /* needed by PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS */
+
+#include "portaudio.h"
+#include "pa_util.h"
+#include "pa_endianness.h"
+#include "pa_types.h"
+#include "pa_hostapi.h"
+#include "pa_stream.h"
+#include "pa_trace.h" /* still useful?*/
+#include "pa_debugprint.h"
+
+#ifndef PA_GIT_REVISION
+#include "pa_gitrevision.h"
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * This is incremented if we make incompatible API changes.
+ * This version scheme is based loosely on http://semver.org/
+ */
+#define paVersionMajor     19
+
+/**
+ * This is incremented when we add functionality in a backwards-compatible manner.
+ * Or it is set to zero when paVersionMajor is incremented.
+ */
+#define paVersionMinor      7
+
+/**
+ * This is incremented when we make backwards-compatible bug fixes.
+ * Or it is set to zero when paVersionMinor changes.
+ */
+#define paVersionSubMinor   0
+
+/**
+ * This is a combination of paVersionMajor, paVersionMinor and paVersionSubMinor.
+ * It will always increase so that version numbers can be compared as integers to
+ * see which is later.
+ */
+#define paVersion  paMakeVersionNumber(paVersionMajor, paVersionMinor, paVersionSubMinor)
+
+#define STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define TOSTRING(x) STRINGIFY(x)
+
+#define PA_VERSION_STRING_ TOSTRING(paVersionMajor) "." TOSTRING(paVersionMinor) "." TOSTRING(paVersionSubMinor)
+#define PA_VERSION_TEXT_   "PortAudio V" PA_VERSION_STRING_ "-devel, revision " TOSTRING(PA_GIT_REVISION)
+
+int Pa_GetVersion( void )
+{
+    return paVersion;
+}
+
+const char* Pa_GetVersionText( void )
+{
+    return PA_VERSION_TEXT_;
+}
+
+static PaVersionInfo versionInfo_ = {
+    /*.versionMajor =*/ paVersionMajor,
+    /*.versionMinor =*/ paVersionMinor,
+    /*.versionSubMinor =*/ paVersionSubMinor,
+    /*.versionControlRevision =*/ TOSTRING(PA_GIT_REVISION),
+    /*.versionText =*/ PA_VERSION_TEXT_
+};
+
+const PaVersionInfo* Pa_GetVersionInfo( void )
+{
+    return &versionInfo_;
+}
+
+#define PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_  1024
+
+static char lastHostErrorText_[ PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_ + 1 ] = {0};
+
+static PaHostErrorInfo lastHostErrorInfo_ = { (PaHostApiTypeId)-1, 0, lastHostErrorText_ };
+
+
+void PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo( PaHostApiTypeId hostApiType, long errorCode,
+        const char *errorText )
+{
+    lastHostErrorInfo_.hostApiType = hostApiType;
+    lastHostErrorInfo_.errorCode = errorCode;
+
+    strncpy( lastHostErrorText_, errorText, PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_ );
+}
+
+
+
+static PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApis_ = 0;
+static int hostApisCount_ = 0;
+static int defaultHostApiIndex_ = 0;
+static int initializationCount_ = 0;
+static int deviceCount_ = 0;
+
+PaUtilStreamRepresentation *firstOpenStream_ = NULL;
+
+
+#define PA_IS_INITIALISED_ (initializationCount_ != 0)
+
+
+static int CountHostApiInitializers( void )
+{
+    int result = 0;
+
+    while( paHostApiInitializers[ result ] != 0 )
+        ++result;
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+static void TerminateHostApis( void )
+{
+    /* terminate in reverse order from initialization */
+    PA_DEBUG(("TerminateHostApis in \n"));
+
+    while( hostApisCount_ > 0 )
+    {
+        --hostApisCount_;
+        hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->Terminate( hostApis_[hostApisCount_] );
+    }
+    hostApisCount_ = 0;
+    defaultHostApiIndex_ = 0;
+    deviceCount_ = 0;
+
+    if( hostApis_ != 0 )
+        PaUtil_FreeMemory( hostApis_ );
+    hostApis_ = 0;
+
+    PA_DEBUG(("TerminateHostApis out\n"));
+}
+
+
+static PaError InitializeHostApis( void )
+{
+    PaError result = paNoError;
+    int i, initializerCount, baseDeviceIndex;
+
+    initializerCount = CountHostApiInitializers();
+
+    hostApis_ = (PaUtilHostApiRepresentation**)PaUtil_AllocateMemory(
+            sizeof(PaUtilHostApiRepresentation*) * initializerCount );
+    if( !hostApis_ )
+    {
+        result = paInsufficientMemory;
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    hostApisCount_ = 0;
+    defaultHostApiIndex_ = -1; /* indicates that we haven't determined the default host API yet */
+    deviceCount_ = 0;
+    baseDeviceIndex = 0;
+
+    for( i=0; i< initializerCount; ++i )
+    {
+        hostApis_[hostApisCount_] = NULL;
+
+        PA_DEBUG(( "before paHostApiInitializers[%d].\n",i));
+
+        result = paHostApiInitializers[i]( &hostApis_[hostApisCount_], hostApisCount_ );
+        if( result != paNoError )
+            goto error;
+
+        PA_DEBUG(( "after paHostApiInitializers[%d].\n",i));
+
+        if( hostApis_[hostApisCount_] )
+        {
+            PaUtilHostApiRepresentation* hostApi = hostApis_[hostApisCount_];
+            assert( hostApi->info.defaultInputDevice < hostApi->info.deviceCount );
+            assert( hostApi->info.defaultOutputDevice < hostApi->info.deviceCount );
+
+            /* the first successfully initialized host API with a default input *or*
+               output device is used as the default host API.
+            */
+            if( (defaultHostApiIndex_ == -1) &&
+                    ( hostApi->info.defaultInputDevice != paNoDevice
+                        || hostApi->info.defaultOutputDevice != paNoDevice ) )
+            {
+                defaultHostApiIndex_ = hostApisCount_;
+            }
+
+            hostApi->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex = baseDeviceIndex;
+
+            if( hostApi->info.defaultInputDevice != paNoDevice )
+                hostApi->info.defaultInputDevice += baseDeviceIndex;
+
+            if( hostApi->info.defaultOutputDevice != paNoDevice )
+                hostApi->info.defaultOutputDevice += baseDeviceIndex;
+
+            baseDeviceIndex += hostApi->info.deviceCount;
+            deviceCount_ += hostApi->info.deviceCount;
+
+            ++hostApisCount_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* if no host APIs have devices, the default host API is the first initialized host API */
+    if( defaultHostApiIndex_ == -1 )
+        defaultHostApiIndex_ = 0;
+
+    return result;
+
+error:
+    TerminateHostApis();
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+    FindHostApi() finds the index of the host api to which
+    <device> belongs and returns it. if <hostSpecificDeviceIndex> is
+    non-null, the host specific device index is returned in it.
+    returns -1 if <device> is out of range.
+
+*/
+static int FindHostApi( PaDeviceIndex device, int *hostSpecificDeviceIndex )
+{
+    int i=0;
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+        return -1;
+
+    if( device < 0 )
+        return -1;
+
+    while( i < hostApisCount_
+            && device >= hostApis_[i]->info.deviceCount )
+    {
+
+        device -= hostApis_[i]->info.deviceCount;
+        ++i;
+    }
+
+    if( i >= hostApisCount_ )
+        return -1;
+
+    if( hostSpecificDeviceIndex )
+        *hostSpecificDeviceIndex = device;
+
+    return i;
+}
+
+
+static void AddOpenStream( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    ((PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream)->nextOpenStream = firstOpenStream_;
+    firstOpenStream_ = (PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream;
+}
+
+
+static void RemoveOpenStream( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaUtilStreamRepresentation *previous = NULL;
+    PaUtilStreamRepresentation *current = firstOpenStream_;
+
+    while( current != NULL )
+    {
+        if( ((PaStream*)current) == stream )
+        {
+            if( previous == NULL )
+            {
+                firstOpenStream_ = current->nextOpenStream;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                previous->nextOpenStream = current->nextOpenStream;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            previous = current;
+            current = current->nextOpenStream;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void CloseOpenStreams( void )
+{
+    /* we call Pa_CloseStream() here to ensure that the same destruction
+        logic is used for automatically closed streams */
+
+    while( firstOpenStream_ != NULL )
+        Pa_CloseStream( firstOpenStream_ );
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_Initialize( void )
+{
+    PaError result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_Initialize" );
+
+    if( PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        ++initializationCount_;
+        result = paNoError;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        PA_VALIDATE_TYPE_SIZES;
+        PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS;
+
+        PaUtil_InitializeClock();
+        PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages();
+
+        result = InitializeHostApis();
+        if( result == paNoError )
+            ++initializationCount_;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_Initialize", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_Terminate( void )
+{
+    PaError result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_Terminate" );
+
+    if( PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        // leave initializationCount_>0 so that Pa_CloseStream() can execute
+        if( initializationCount_ == 1 )
+        {
+            CloseOpenStreams();
+
+            TerminateHostApis();
+
+            PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages();
+        }
+        --initializationCount_;
+        result = paNoError;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result=  paNotInitialized;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_Terminate", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const PaHostErrorInfo* Pa_GetLastHostErrorInfo( void )
+{
+    return &lastHostErrorInfo_;
+}
+
+
+const char *Pa_GetErrorText( PaError errorCode )
+{
+    const char *result;
+
+    switch( errorCode )
+    {
+    case paNoError:                  result = "Success"; break;
+    case paNotInitialized:           result = "PortAudio not initialized"; break;
+    /** @todo could catenate the last host error text to result in the case of paUnanticipatedHostError. see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/114 */
+    case paUnanticipatedHostError:   result = "Unanticipated host error"; break;
+    case paInvalidChannelCount:      result = "Invalid number of channels"; break;
+    case paInvalidSampleRate:        result = "Invalid sample rate"; break;
+    case paInvalidDevice:            result = "Invalid device"; break;
+    case paInvalidFlag:              result = "Invalid flag"; break;
+    case paSampleFormatNotSupported: result = "Sample format not supported"; break;
+    case paBadIODeviceCombination:   result = "Illegal combination of I/O devices"; break;
+    case paInsufficientMemory:       result = "Insufficient memory"; break;
+    case paBufferTooBig:             result = "Buffer too big"; break;
+    case paBufferTooSmall:           result = "Buffer too small"; break;
+    case paNullCallback:             result = "No callback routine specified"; break;
+    case paBadStreamPtr:             result = "Invalid stream pointer"; break;
+    case paTimedOut:                 result = "Wait timed out"; break;
+    case paInternalError:            result = "Internal PortAudio error"; break;
+    case paDeviceUnavailable:        result = "Device unavailable"; break;
+    case paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo:   result = "Incompatible host API specific stream info"; break;
+    case paStreamIsStopped:          result = "Stream is stopped"; break;
+    case paStreamIsNotStopped:       result = "Stream is not stopped"; break;
+    case paInputOverflowed:          result = "Input overflowed"; break;
+    case paOutputUnderflowed:        result = "Output underflowed"; break;
+    case paHostApiNotFound:          result = "Host API not found"; break;
+    case paInvalidHostApi:           result = "Invalid host API"; break;
+    case paCanNotReadFromACallbackStream:       result = "Can't read from a callback stream"; break;
+    case paCanNotWriteToACallbackStream:        result = "Can't write to a callback stream"; break;
+    case paCanNotReadFromAnOutputOnlyStream:    result = "Can't read from an output only stream"; break;
+    case paCanNotWriteToAnInputOnlyStream:      result = "Can't write to an input only stream"; break;
+    case paIncompatibleStreamHostApi: result = "Incompatible stream host API"; break;
+    case paBadBufferPtr:             result = "Bad buffer pointer"; break;
+    default:
+        if( errorCode > 0 )
+            result = "Invalid error code (value greater than zero)";
+        else
+            result = "Invalid error code";
+        break;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaHostApiIndex Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex( PaHostApiTypeId type )
+{
+    PaHostApiIndex result;
+    int i;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiTypeId type: %d\n", type ));
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = paHostApiNotFound;
+
+        for( i=0; i < hostApisCount_; ++i )
+        {
+            if( hostApis_[i]->info.type == type )
+            {
+                result = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex", "PaHostApiIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_GetHostApiRepresentation( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApi,
+        PaHostApiTypeId type )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    int i;
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = paHostApiNotFound;
+
+        for( i=0; i < hostApisCount_; ++i )
+        {
+            if( hostApis_[i]->info.type == type )
+            {
+                *hostApi = hostApis_[i];
+                result = paNoError;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_DeviceIndexToHostApiDeviceIndex(
+        PaDeviceIndex *hostApiDevice, PaDeviceIndex device, struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    PaDeviceIndex x;
+
+    x = device - hostApi->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex;
+
+    if( x < 0 || x >= hostApi->info.deviceCount )
+    {
+        result = paInvalidDevice;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *hostApiDevice = x;
+        result = paNoError;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetHostApiCount( void )
+{
+    int result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetHostApiCount" );
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = hostApisCount_;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_GetHostApiCount", "PaHostApiIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetDefaultHostApi( void )
+{
+    int result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetDefaultHostApi" );
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = defaultHostApiIndex_;
+
+        /* internal consistency check: make sure that the default host api
+         index is within range */
+
+        if( result < 0 || result >= hostApisCount_ )
+        {
+            result = paInternalError;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_GetDefaultHostApi", "PaHostApiIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const PaHostApiInfo* Pa_GetHostApiInfo( PaHostApiIndex hostApi )
+{
+    PaHostApiInfo *info;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetHostApiInfo" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", hostApi ));
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        info = NULL;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiInfo*: NULL [ PortAudio not initialized ]\n" ));
+
+    }
+    else if( hostApi < 0 || hostApi >= hostApisCount_ )
+    {
+        info = NULL;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiInfo*: NULL [ hostApi out of range ]\n" ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        info = &hostApis_[hostApi]->info;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiInfo*: 0x%p\n", info ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t{\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", info->structVersion ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tPaHostApiTypeId type: %d\n", info->type ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tconst char *name: %s\n", info->name ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t}\n" ));
+
+    }
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+
+PaDeviceIndex Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToDeviceIndex( PaHostApiIndex hostApi, int hostApiDeviceIndex )
+{
+    PaDeviceIndex result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToPaDeviceIndex" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", hostApi ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tint hostApiDeviceIndex: %d\n", hostApiDeviceIndex ));
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if( hostApi < 0 || hostApi >= hostApisCount_ )
+        {
+            result = paInvalidHostApi;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( hostApiDeviceIndex < 0 ||
+                    hostApiDeviceIndex >= hostApis_[hostApi]->info.deviceCount )
+            {
+                result = paInvalidDevice;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result = hostApis_[hostApi]->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex + hostApiDeviceIndex;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToPaDeviceIndex", "PaDeviceIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDeviceCount( void )
+{
+    PaDeviceIndex result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetDeviceCount" );
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = deviceCount_;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_GetDeviceCount", "PaDeviceIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice( void )
+{
+    PaHostApiIndex hostApi;
+    PaDeviceIndex result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice" );
+
+    hostApi = Pa_GetDefaultHostApi();
+    if( hostApi < 0 )
+    {
+        result = paNoDevice;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = hostApis_[hostApi]->info.defaultInputDevice;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_T( "Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice", "PaDeviceIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice( void )
+{
+    PaHostApiIndex hostApi;
+    PaDeviceIndex result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER( "Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice" );
+
+    hostApi = Pa_GetDefaultHostApi();
+    if( hostApi < 0 )
+    {
+        result = paNoDevice;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = hostApis_[hostApi]->info.defaultOutputDevice;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_T( "Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice", "PaDeviceIndex: %d", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const PaDeviceInfo* Pa_GetDeviceInfo( PaDeviceIndex device )
+{
+    int hostSpecificDeviceIndex;
+    int hostApiIndex = FindHostApi( device, &hostSpecificDeviceIndex );
+    PaDeviceInfo *result;
+
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetDeviceInfo" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex device: %d\n", device ));
+
+    if( hostApiIndex < 0 )
+    {
+        result = NULL;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetDeviceInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceInfo* NULL [ invalid device index ]\n" ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = hostApis_[hostApiIndex]->deviceInfos[ hostSpecificDeviceIndex ];
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetDeviceInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceInfo*: 0x%p:\n", result ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t{\n" ));
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", result->structVersion ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tconst char *name: %s\n", result->name ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", result->hostApi ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint maxInputChannels: %d\n", result->maxInputChannels ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint maxOutputChannels: %d\n", result->maxOutputChannels ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t}\n" ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+    SampleFormatIsValid() returns 1 if sampleFormat is a sample format
+    defined in portaudio.h, or 0 otherwise.
+*/
+static int SampleFormatIsValid( PaSampleFormat format )
+{
+    switch( format & ~paNonInterleaved )
+    {
+    case paFloat32: return 1;
+    case paInt16: return 1;
+    case paInt32: return 1;
+    case paInt24: return 1;
+    case paInt8: return 1;
+    case paUInt8: return 1;
+    case paCustomFormat: return 1;
+    default: return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+    NOTE: make sure this validation list is kept synchronised with the one in
+            pa_hostapi.h
+
+    ValidateOpenStreamParameters() checks that parameters to Pa_OpenStream()
+    conform to the expected values as described below. This function is
+    also designed to be used with the proposed Pa_IsFormatSupported() function.
+
+    There are basically two types of validation that could be performed:
+    Generic conformance validation, and device capability mismatch
+    validation. This function performs only generic conformance validation.
+    Validation that would require knowledge of device capabilities is
+    not performed because of potentially complex relationships between
+    combinations of parameters - for example, even if the sampleRate
+    seems ok, it might not be for a duplex stream - we have no way of
+    checking this in an API-neutral way, so we don't try.
+
+    On success the function returns PaNoError and fills in hostApi,
+    hostApiInputDeviceID, and hostApiOutputDeviceID fields. On failure
+    the function returns an error code indicating the first encountered
+    parameter error.
+
+
+    If ValidateOpenStreamParameters() returns paNoError, the following
+    assertions are guaranteed to be true.
+
+    - at least one of inputParameters & outputParmeters is valid (not NULL)
+
+    - if inputParameters & outputParameters are both valid, that
+        inputParameters->device & outputParameters->device  both use the same host api
+
+    PaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device
+        - is within range (0 to Pa_GetDeviceCount-1) Or:
+        - is paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification and
+            inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo is non-NULL and refers
+            to a valid host api
+
+    int inputParameters->channelCount
+        - if inputParameters->device is not paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification, channelCount is > 0
+        - upper bound is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+    PaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat
+        - is one of the sample formats defined in portaudio.h
+
+    void *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo
+        - if supplied its hostApi field matches the input device's host Api
+
+    PaDeviceIndex outputParmeters->device
+        - is within range (0 to Pa_GetDeviceCount-1)
+
+    int outputParmeters->channelCount
+        - if inputDevice is valid, channelCount is > 0
+        - upper bound is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+    PaSampleFormat outputParmeters->sampleFormat
+        - is one of the sample formats defined in portaudio.h
+
+    void *outputParmeters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo
+        - if supplied its hostApi field matches the output device's host Api
+
+    double sampleRate
+        - is not an 'absurd' rate (less than 1000. or greater than 384000.)
+        - sampleRate is NOT validated against device capabilities
+
+    PaStreamFlags streamFlags
+        - unused platform neutral flags are zero
+        - paNeverDropInput is only used for full-duplex callback streams with
+            variable buffer size (paFramesPerBufferUnspecified)
+*/
+static PaError ValidateOpenStreamParameters(
+    const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
+    const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
+    double sampleRate,
+    unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+    PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
+    PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApi,
+    PaDeviceIndex *hostApiInputDevice,
+    PaDeviceIndex *hostApiOutputDevice )
+{
+    int inputHostApiIndex  = -1;    /* Suppress uninitialised var warnings: compiler does */
+    int outputHostApiIndex = -1;    /* not see that if inputParameters and outputParameters  */
+                                    /* are both nonzero, these indices are set. */
+
+    if( (inputParameters == NULL) && (outputParameters == NULL) )
+    {
+        return paInvalidDevice; /** @todo should be a new error code "invalid device parameters" or something */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if( inputParameters == NULL )
+        {
+            *hostApiInputDevice = paNoDevice;
+        }
+        else if( inputParameters->device == paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification )
+        {
+            if( inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo )
+            {
+                inputHostApiIndex = Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex(
+                        ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType );
+
+                if( inputHostApiIndex != -1 )
+                {
+                    *hostApiInputDevice = paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification;
+                    *hostApi = hostApis_[inputHostApiIndex];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return paInvalidDevice;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return paInvalidDevice;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( inputParameters->device < 0 || inputParameters->device >= deviceCount_ )
+                return paInvalidDevice;
+
+            inputHostApiIndex = FindHostApi( inputParameters->device, hostApiInputDevice );
+            if( inputHostApiIndex < 0 )
+                return paInternalError;
+
+            *hostApi = hostApis_[inputHostApiIndex];
+
+            if( inputParameters->channelCount <= 0 )
+                return paInvalidChannelCount;
+
+            if( !SampleFormatIsValid( inputParameters->sampleFormat ) )
+                return paSampleFormatNotSupported;
+
+            if( inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo != NULL )
+            {
+                if( ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType
+                        != (*hostApi)->info.type )
+                    return paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if( outputParameters == NULL )
+        {
+            *hostApiOutputDevice = paNoDevice;
+        }
+        else if( outputParameters->device == paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification  )
+        {
+            if( outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo )
+            {
+                outputHostApiIndex = Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex(
+                        ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType );
+
+                if( outputHostApiIndex != -1 )
+                {
+                    *hostApiOutputDevice = paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification;
+                    *hostApi = hostApis_[outputHostApiIndex];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return paInvalidDevice;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return paInvalidDevice;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( outputParameters->device < 0 || outputParameters->device >= deviceCount_ )
+                return paInvalidDevice;
+
+            outputHostApiIndex = FindHostApi( outputParameters->device, hostApiOutputDevice );
+            if( outputHostApiIndex < 0 )
+                return paInternalError;
+
+            *hostApi = hostApis_[outputHostApiIndex];
+
+            if( outputParameters->channelCount <= 0 )
+                return paInvalidChannelCount;
+
+            if( !SampleFormatIsValid( outputParameters->sampleFormat ) )
+                return paSampleFormatNotSupported;
+
+            if( outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo != NULL )
+            {
+                if( ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType
+                        != (*hostApi)->info.type )
+                    return paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if( (inputParameters != NULL) && (outputParameters != NULL) )
+        {
+            /* ensure that both devices use the same API */
+            if( inputHostApiIndex != outputHostApiIndex )
+                return paBadIODeviceCombination;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /* Check for absurd sample rates. */
+    if( (sampleRate < 1000.0) || (sampleRate > 384000.0) )
+        return paInvalidSampleRate;
+
+    if( ((streamFlags & ~paPlatformSpecificFlags) & ~(paClipOff | paDitherOff | paNeverDropInput | paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback ) ) != 0 )
+        return paInvalidFlag;
+
+    if( streamFlags & paNeverDropInput )
+    {
+        /* must be a callback stream */
+        if( !streamCallback )
+            return paInvalidFlag;
+
+        /* must be a full duplex stream */
+        if( (inputParameters == NULL) || (outputParameters == NULL) )
+            return paInvalidFlag;
+
+        /* must use paFramesPerBufferUnspecified */
+        if( framesPerBuffer != paFramesPerBufferUnspecified )
+            return paInvalidFlag;
+    }
+
+    return paNoError;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_IsFormatSupported( const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
+                              const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
+                              double sampleRate )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi = 0;
+    PaDeviceIndex hostApiInputDevice = paNoDevice, hostApiOutputDevice = paNoDevice;
+    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
+    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;
+
+
+#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_IsFormatSupported" );
+
+    if( inputParameters == NULL ){
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: NULL\n" ));
+    }else{
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: 0x%p\n", inputParameters ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device: %d\n", inputParameters->device ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tint inputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", inputParameters->channelCount ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", inputParameters->sampleFormat ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime inputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", inputParameters->suggestedLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo ));
+    }
+
+    if( outputParameters == NULL ){
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: NULL\n" ));
+    }else{
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: 0x%p\n", outputParameters ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex outputParameters->device: %d\n", outputParameters->device ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tint outputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", outputParameters->channelCount ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat outputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", outputParameters->sampleFormat ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime outputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", outputParameters->suggestedLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo ));
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate ));
+#endif
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_IsFormatSupported", result );
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    result = ValidateOpenStreamParameters( inputParameters,
+                                           outputParameters,
+                                           sampleRate, 0, paNoFlag, 0,
+                                           &hostApi,
+                                           &hostApiInputDevice,
+                                           &hostApiOutputDevice );
+    if( result != paNoError )
+    {
+        PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_IsFormatSupported", result );
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    if( inputParameters )
+    {
+        hostApiInputParameters.device = hostApiInputDevice;
+        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputParameters->channelCount;
+        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = inputParameters->sampleFormat;
+        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency = inputParameters->suggestedLatency;
+        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( outputParameters )
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParameters.device = hostApiOutputDevice;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputParameters->channelCount;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = outputParameters->sampleFormat;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency = outputParameters->suggestedLatency;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    result = hostApi->IsFormatSupported( hostApi,
+                                  hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
+                                  sampleRate );
+
+#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
+    PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+    if( result == paFormatIsSupported )
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: 0 [ paFormatIsSupported ]\n" ));
+    else
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+#endif
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_OpenStream( PaStream** stream,
+                       const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
+                       const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
+                       double sampleRate,
+                       unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+                       PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
+                       PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+                       void *userData )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi = 0;
+    PaDeviceIndex hostApiInputDevice = paNoDevice, hostApiOutputDevice = paNoDevice;
+    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
+    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;
+
+
+#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_OpenStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream** stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( inputParameters == NULL ){
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: NULL\n" ));
+    }else{
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: 0x%p\n", inputParameters ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device: %d\n", inputParameters->device ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tint inputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", inputParameters->channelCount ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", inputParameters->sampleFormat ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime inputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", inputParameters->suggestedLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo ));
+    }
+
+    if( outputParameters == NULL ){
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: NULL\n" ));
+    }else{
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: 0x%p\n", outputParameters ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaDeviceIndex outputParameters->device: %d\n", outputParameters->device ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tint outputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", outputParameters->channelCount ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat outputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", outputParameters->sampleFormat ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime outputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", outputParameters->suggestedLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo ));
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tunsigned long framesPerBuffer: %d\n", framesPerBuffer ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamFlags streamFlags: 0x%x\n", streamFlags ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamCallback *streamCallback: 0x%p\n", streamCallback ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *userData: 0x%p\n", userData ));
+#endif
+
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
+    {
+        result = paNotInitialized;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /* Check for parameter errors.
+        NOTE: make sure this validation list is kept synchronised with the one
+        in pa_hostapi.h
+    */
+
+    if( stream == NULL )
+    {
+        result = paBadStreamPtr;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    result = ValidateOpenStreamParameters( inputParameters,
+                                           outputParameters,
+                                           sampleRate, framesPerBuffer,
+                                           streamFlags, streamCallback,
+                                           &hostApi,
+                                           &hostApiInputDevice,
+                                           &hostApiOutputDevice );
+    if( result != paNoError )
+    {
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    if( inputParameters )
+    {
+        hostApiInputParameters.device = hostApiInputDevice;
+        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputParameters->channelCount;
+        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = inputParameters->sampleFormat;
+        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency = inputParameters->suggestedLatency;
+        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( outputParameters )
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParameters.device = hostApiOutputDevice;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputParameters->channelCount;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = outputParameters->sampleFormat;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency = outputParameters->suggestedLatency;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    result = hostApi->OpenStream( hostApi, stream,
+                                  hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
+                                  sampleRate, framesPerBuffer, streamFlags, streamCallback, userData );
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+        AddOpenStream( *stream );
+
+
+    PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): 0x%p\n", *stream ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_OpenDefaultStream( PaStream** stream,
+                              int inputChannelCount,
+                              int outputChannelCount,
+                              PaSampleFormat sampleFormat,
+                              double sampleRate,
+                              unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
+                              PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
+                              void *userData )
+{
+    PaError result;
+    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
+    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_OpenDefaultStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream** stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tint inputChannelCount: %d\n", inputChannelCount ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tint outputChannelCount: %d\n", outputChannelCount ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat sampleFormat: %d\n", sampleFormat ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tunsigned long framesPerBuffer: %d\n", framesPerBuffer ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamCallback *streamCallback: 0x%p\n", streamCallback ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tvoid *userData: 0x%p\n", userData ));
+
+
+    if( inputChannelCount > 0 )
+    {
+        hostApiInputParameters.device = Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice();
+        if( hostApiInputParameters.device == paNoDevice )
+            return paDeviceUnavailable;
+
+        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputChannelCount;
+        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = sampleFormat;
+        /* defaultHighInputLatency is used below instead of
+           defaultLowInputLatency because it is more important for the default
+           stream to work reliably than it is for it to work with the lowest
+           latency.
+         */
+        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency =
+             Pa_GetDeviceInfo( hostApiInputParameters.device )->defaultHighInputLatency;
+        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = NULL;
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( outputChannelCount > 0 )
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParameters.device = Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice();
+        if( hostApiOutputParameters.device == paNoDevice )
+            return paDeviceUnavailable;
+
+        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputChannelCount;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = sampleFormat;
+        /* defaultHighOutputLatency is used below instead of
+           defaultLowOutputLatency because it is more important for the default
+           stream to work reliably than it is for it to work with the lowest
+           latency.
+         */
+        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency =
+             Pa_GetDeviceInfo( hostApiOutputParameters.device )->defaultHighOutputLatency;
+        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = NULL;
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
+    }
+
+
+    result = Pa_OpenStream(
+                 stream, hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
+                 sampleRate, framesPerBuffer, paNoFlag, streamCallback, userData );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_OpenDefaultStream returned:\n" ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\t*(PaStream** stream): 0x%p", *stream ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ ) return paNotInitialized;
+
+    if( stream == NULL ) return paBadStreamPtr;
+
+    if( ((PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream)->magic != PA_STREAM_MAGIC )
+        return paBadStreamPtr;
+
+    return paNoError;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_CloseStream( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaUtilStreamInterface *interface;
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_CloseStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    /* always remove the open stream from our list, even if this function
+        eventually returns an error. Otherwise CloseOpenStreams() will
+        get stuck in an infinite loop */
+    RemoveOpenStream( stream ); /* be sure to call this _before_ closing the stream */
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        interface = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream);
+
+        /* abort the stream if it isn't stopped */
+        result = interface->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 1 )
+            result = paNoError;
+        else if( result == 0 )
+            result = interface->Abort( stream );
+
+        if( result == paNoError )                 /** @todo REVIEW: shouldn't we close anyway? see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/115 */
+            result = interface->Close( stream );
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_CloseStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback( PaStream *stream, PaStreamFinishedCallback* streamFinishedCallback )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStreamFinishedCallback* streamFinishedCallback: 0x%p\n", streamFinishedCallback ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paStreamIsNotStopped ;
+        }
+        if( result == 1 )
+        {
+            PA_STREAM_REP( stream )->streamFinishedCallback = streamFinishedCallback;
+            result = paNoError;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback", result );
+
+    return result;
+
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_StartStream( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_StartStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paStreamIsNotStopped ;
+        }
+        else if( result == 1 )
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Start( stream );
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_StartStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_StopStream( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_StopStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 0 )
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Stop( stream );
+        }
+        else if( result == 1 )
+        {
+            result = paStreamIsStopped;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_StopStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_AbortStream( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_AbortStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+        if( result == 0 )
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Abort( stream );
+        }
+        else if( result == 1 )
+        {
+            result = paStreamIsStopped;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_AbortStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_IsStreamStopped( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_IsStreamStopped" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_IsStreamStopped", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_IsStreamActive( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_IsStreamActive" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsActive( stream );
+
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_IsStreamActive", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const PaStreamInfo* Pa_GetStreamInfo( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    const PaStreamInfo *result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamInfo" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+        result = 0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tconst PaStreamInfo*: 0 [PaError error:%d ( %s )]\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = &PA_STREAM_REP( stream )->streamInfo;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamInfo returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tconst PaStreamInfo*: 0x%p:\n", result ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t{" ));
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", result->structVersion ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tPaTime inputLatency: %f\n", result->inputLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tPaTime outputLatency: %f\n", result->outputLatency ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t\tdouble sampleRate: %f\n", result->sampleRate ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\t}\n" ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaTime Pa_GetStreamTime( PaStream *stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    PaTime result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamTime" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+        result = 0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamTime returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime: 0 [PaError error:%d ( %s )]\n", result, error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetTime( stream );
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamTime returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaTime: %g\n", result ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+double Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    double result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+
+        result = 0.0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble: 0.0 [PaError error: %d ( %s )]\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetCpuLoad( stream );
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tdouble: %g\n", result ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_ReadStream( PaStream* stream,
+                       void *buffer,
+                       unsigned long frames )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_ReadStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        if( frames == 0 )
+        {
+            /* @todo Should we not allow the implementation to signal any overflow condition? see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/116*/
+            result = paNoError;
+        }
+        else if( buffer == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paBadBufferPtr;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+            if( result == 0 )
+            {
+                result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Read( stream, buffer, frames );
+            }
+            else if( result == 1 )
+            {
+                result = paStreamIsStopped;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_ReadStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_WriteStream( PaStream* stream,
+                        const void *buffer,
+                        unsigned long frames )
+{
+    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_WriteStream" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( result == paNoError )
+    {
+        if( frames == 0 )
+        {
+            /* @todo Should we not allow the implementation to signal any underflow condition? see: http://www.portaudio.com/trac/ticket/116*/
+            result = paNoError;
+        }
+        else if( buffer == 0 )
+        {
+            result = paBadBufferPtr;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
+            if( result == 0 )
+            {
+                result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Write( stream, buffer, frames );
+            }
+            else if( result == 1 )
+            {
+                result = paStreamIsStopped;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR( "Pa_WriteStream", result );
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+signed long Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    signed long result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+        result = 0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tunsigned long: 0 [ PaError error: %d ( %s ) ]\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetReadAvailable( stream );
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+signed long Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable( PaStream* stream )
+{
+    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
+    signed long result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream ));
+
+    if( error != paNoError )
+    {
+        result = 0;
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tunsigned long: 0 [ PaError error: %d ( %s ) ]\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) ));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetWriteAvailable( stream );
+
+        PA_LOGAPI(("Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable returned:\n" ));
+        PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) ));
+
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PaError Pa_GetSampleSize( PaSampleFormat format )
+{
+    int result;
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_ENTER_PARAMS( "Pa_GetSampleSize" );
+    PA_LOGAPI(("\tPaSampleFormat format: %d\n", format ));
+
+    switch( format & ~paNonInterleaved )
+    {
+
+    case paUInt8:
+    case paInt8:
+        result = 1;
+        break;
+
+    case paInt16:
+        result = 2;
+        break;
+
+    case paInt24:
+        result = 3;
+        break;
+
+    case paFloat32:
+    case paInt32:
+        result = 4;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        result = paSampleFormatNotSupported;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    PA_LOGAPI_EXIT_PAERROR_OR_T_RESULT( "Pa_GetSampleSize", "int: %d", result );
+
+    return (PaError) result;
+}