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+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2010-2016 Alexander Saprykin <saprykin.spb@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+ * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+ * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file patomic.h
+ * @brief Atomic operations
+ * @author Alexander Saprykin
+ *
+ * Atomic operations can be used to avoid heavy thread synchronization
+ * primitives such as mutexes, semaphores and so on. These operations are
+ * performed atomically and can't be preempted by another thread.
+ *
+ * Lock-free atomic operations require software and hardware support. Usually
+ * lock-free atomic operations are implemented with low-level using assembly
+ * inlines. Some of the compilers provide built-in routines to perform atomic
+ * operations. You can use the p_atomic_is_lock_free() call to check whether
+ * such a support is provided or not.
+ *
+ * If there is no hardware or software support for lock-free atomic operations
+ * then they can be simulated (though in rather slower manner) using a thread
+ * global synchronization primitive (i.e. mutex), but it could block threads
+ * while performing atomic operations on distinct variables from distinct
+ * threads.
+ *
+ * The Windows platform provides all the required lock-free operations in most
+ * cases, so it always has lock-free support.
+ */
+
+#if !defined (PLIBSYS_H_INSIDE) && !defined (PLIBSYS_COMPILATION)
+#  error "Header files shouldn't be included directly, consider using <plibsys.h> instead."
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PLIBSYS_HEADER_PATOMIC_H
+#define PLIBSYS_HEADER_PATOMIC_H
+
+#include <ptypes.h>
+#include <pmacros.h>
+
+P_BEGIN_DECLS
+
+/**
+ * @brief Gets #pint value from @a atomic.
+ * @param atomic Pointer to #pint to get the value from.
+ * @return Integer value.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier (before the
+ * get).
+ */
+P_LIB_API pint		p_atomic_int_get			(const volatile pint	*atomic);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Sets #pint value to @a atomic.
+ * @param[out] atomic Pointer to #pint to set the value for.
+ * @param val New #pint value.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier (after the
+ * set).
+ */
+P_LIB_API void		p_atomic_int_set			(volatile pint		*atomic,
+								 pint			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Increments #pint value from @a atomic by 1.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #pint to increment the value.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of `{ *atomic += 1; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API void		p_atomic_int_inc			(volatile pint		*atomic);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Decrements #pint value from @a atomic by 1 and tests the result for
+ * zero.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #pint to decrement the value.
+ * @return TRUE if the new value is equal to zero, FALSE otherwise.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ *atomic -= 1; return (*atomic == 0); }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API pboolean	p_atomic_int_dec_and_test		(volatile pint		*atomic);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compares @a oldval with the value pointed to by @a atomic and if
+ * they are equal, atomically exchanges the value of @a atomic with @a newval.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #pint.
+ * @param oldval Old #pint value.
+ * @param newval New #pint value.
+ * @return TRUE if @a atomic value was equal @a oldval, FALSE otherwise.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * This compare and exchange is done atomically.
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ if (*atomic == oldval) { *atomic = newval; return TRUE; } else return FALSE; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API pboolean	p_atomic_int_compare_and_exchange	(volatile pint		*atomic,
+								 pint			oldval,
+								 pint			newval);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Atomically adds #pint value to @a atomic value.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #pint.
+ * @param val Integer to add to @a atomic value.
+ * @return Old value before the addition.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ tmp = *atomic; *atomic += val; return tmp; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API pint		p_atomic_int_add			(volatile pint		*atomic,
+								 pint			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Atomically performs the bitwise 'and' operation of @a atomic value
+ * and @a val storing the result back in @a atomic.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #puint.
+ * @param val #puint to perform bitwise 'and' with @a atomic value.
+ * @return Old @a atomic value before the operation.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ tmp = *atomic; *atomic &= val; return tmp; }`.
+ */
+P_LIB_API puint		p_atomic_int_and			(volatile puint		*atomic,
+								 puint			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Atomically performs the bitwise 'or' operation of @a atomic value
+ * and @a val storing the result back in @a atomic.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #puint.
+ * @param val #puint to perform bitwise 'or' with @a atomic value.
+ * @return Old @a atomic value before the operation.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ tmp = *atomic; *atomic |= val; return tmp; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API puint		p_atomic_int_or				(volatile puint		*atomic,
+								 puint			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Atomically performs the bitwise 'xor' operation of @a atomic value
+ * and @a val storing the result back in @a atomic.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #puint.
+ * @param val #puint to perform bitwise 'xor' with @a atomic value.
+ * @return Old @a atomic value before the operation.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ tmp = *atomic; *atomic ^= val; return tmp; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API puint		p_atomic_int_xor			(volatile puint		*atomic,
+								 puint			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Gets #ppointer-sized value from @a atomic.
+ * @param atomic Pointer to get the value from.
+ * @return Value from the pointer.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier (before the get).
+ */
+P_LIB_API ppointer	p_atomic_pointer_get			(const volatile void	*atomic);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Sets @a val to #ppointer-sized @a atomic.
+ * @param[out] atomic Pointer to set the value for.
+ * @param val New value for @a atomic.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier (after the set).
+ */
+P_LIB_API void		p_atomic_pointer_set			(volatile void		*atomic,
+								 ppointer		val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compares @a oldval with the value pointed to by @a atomic and if
+ * they are equal, atomically exchanges the value of @a atomic with @a newval.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #ppointer-sized value.
+ * @param oldval Old #ppointer-sized value.
+ * @param newval New #ppointer-sized value.
+ * @return TRUE if @a atomic value was equal @a oldval, FALSE otherwise.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * This compare and exchange is done atomically.
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ if (*atomic == oldval) { *atomic = newval; return TRUE; } else return FALSE; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API pboolean	p_atomic_pointer_compare_and_exchange	(volatile void		*atomic,
+								 ppointer 		oldval,
+								 ppointer		newval);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Atomically adds #ppointer-sized value to @a atomic value.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #ppointer-sized value.
+ * @param val Value to add to @a atomic value.
+ * @return Old value before the addition.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ tmp = *atomic; *atomic += val; return tmp; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API pssize	p_atomic_pointer_add			(volatile void		*atomic,
+								 pssize			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Atomically performs the bitwise 'and' operation of #ppointer-sized
+ * @a atomic value and @a val storing the result back in @a atomic.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #ppointer-size value.
+ * @param val #psize to perform bitwise 'and' with @a atomic value.
+ * @return Old @a atomic value before the operation.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ tmp = *atomic; *atomic &= val; return tmp; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API psize		p_atomic_pointer_and			(volatile void		*atomic,
+								 psize			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Atomically performs the bitwise 'or' operation of #ppointer-sized
+ * @a atomic value and @a val storing the result back in @a atomic.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #ppointer-size value.
+ * @param val #psize to perform bitwise 'or' with @a atomic value.
+ * @return Old @a atomic value before the operation.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ tmp = *atomic; *atomic |= val; return tmp; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API psize		p_atomic_pointer_or			(volatile void		*atomic,
+								 psize			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Atomically performs the bitwise 'xor' operation of #ppointer-sized
+ * @a atomic value and @a val storing the result back in @a atomic.
+ * @param[in,out] atomic Pointer to #ppointer-size value.
+ * @param val #psize to perform bitwise 'xor' with @a atomic value.
+ * @return Old @a atomic value before the operation.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Think of this operation as an atomic version of
+ * `{ tmp = *atomic; *atomic ^= val; return tmp; }`.
+ *
+ * This call acts as a full compiler and hardware memory barrier.
+ */
+P_LIB_API psize		p_atomic_pointer_xor			(volatile void		*atomic,
+								 psize			val);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Checks whether atomic operations are lock-free.
+ * @return TRUE in case of success, FALSE otherwise.
+ * @since 0.0.1
+ *
+ * Some underlying atomic model implementations may not support lock-free
+ * operations depending on hardware or software.
+ */
+P_LIB_API pboolean	p_atomic_is_lock_free			(void);
+
+P_END_DECLS
+
+#endif /* PLIBSYS_HEADER_PATOMIC_H */